docs: log the prober fold and server v0.9.2 feature work

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

.gitea/workflows/build-server.yml

@@ -10,12 +10,18 @@
 # releases don't trigger each other's pipelines.
 #
 # Required secrets:
-#   REGISTRY_TOKEN  personal access token with read+write package scope —
+#   REGISTRY_TOKEN       personal access token with read+write package scope —
-#                   the built-in Actions token is NOT accepted by the
+#                        the built-in Actions token is NOT accepted by the
-#                   container registry (docker login → unauthorized).
+#                        container registry (docker login → unauthorized).
-#                   Create: user Settings → Applications → Generate token.
+#                        Create: user Settings → Applications → Generate token.
-#   REGISTRY_USER   optional; defaults to the pushing actor's username.
+#   REGISTRY_USER        optional; defaults to the pushing actor's username.
-# The release job needs only the built-in GITHUB_TOKEN.
+#   RELEASE_SIGNING_KEY  base64 ed25519 seed that signs SHA256SUMS. Self-updating
+#                        servers verify the signature against the public key baked
+#                        into the binary (selfupdate.DefaultPublicKeyB64) and REFUSE
+#                        unsigned releases, so this job hard-fails without it —
+#                        a release nobody can install is better failed loudly here.
+#                        Mint a pair with: go run ./cmd/release-sign -gen
+# The release job otherwise needs only the built-in GITHUB_TOKEN.
 
 name: server-release
 on:
@@ -44,6 +50,18 @@ jobs:
           done
           (cd ../dist && sha256sum * > SHA256SUMS)
 
+      - name: Sign SHA256SUMS
+        working-directory: server
+        env:
+          RELEASE_SIGNING_KEY: ${{ secrets.RELEASE_SIGNING_KEY }}
+        run: |
+          [ -n "$RELEASE_SIGNING_KEY" ] || { echo "::error::secret RELEASE_SIGNING_KEY is missing — self-updating servers refuse unsigned releases, so publishing one would strand the fleet. Add it under Settings → Actions → Secrets."; exit 1; }
+          go run ./cmd/release-sign ../dist/SHA256SUMS
+          # Verify with the key baked into the binary we just built — catches a
+          # secret that does not match DefaultPublicKeyB64 before it ships.
+          PUB=$(grep -o 'DefaultPublicKeyB64 = "[^"]*"' internal/selfupdate/selfupdate.go | cut -d'"' -f2)
+          go run ./cmd/release-sign -verify -pub "$PUB" ../dist/SHA256SUMS
+
       - name: Create release + attach binaries
         env:
           TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}

CLAUDE.md

@@ -145,6 +145,17 @@ First build downloads AGP/Compose/Shizuku from Google Maven + Maven Central.
   Shizuku, **toggle Wireless debugging off/on** — Shizuku keeps running (separate process), a fresh
   port + mDNS record appear, and the beacon/connector recover. Plan the Shizuku-tier dev loop
   around this (or USB, if ever available).
+- **A poisoned Gradle *build cache* entry can silently drop a whole module from the APK.**
+  Symptom: the app dies with `ClassNotFoundException` for a class that plainly exists, while the
+  build is green and `./gradlew :app:dependencies` lists the module on `debugRuntimeClasspath`.
+  The module's own jar is correct; its code simply never reaches AGP's intermediates. `clean`,
+  `rm -rf */build` and `--rerun-tasks` all fail to fix it, because **none of them touch the build
+  cache** — look for `compileKotlin FROM-CACHE` in the log. Fix: rebuild with `--no-build-cache`.
+  Verify by grepping the APK's dex for a string literal that only that module defines; grepping for
+  a *class name* proves nothing, because callers carry the name as a reference whether or not the
+  class is packaged:
+  `unzip -o -q app-debug.apk "classes*.dex" && grep -a "pin-sha256:" *.dex`
+  Suspect this whenever a runtime failure contradicts a successful build.
 - **Empty-jar race with the IDE.** VSCodium's Java/Kotlin extension runs its own Gradle daemon on
   the same project; when it overlaps a CLI build, a module's `build/libs/*.jar` can end up
   containing only a manifest, and Gradle then considers `jar` up-to-date. Dependent modules fail

docs/build-status.md

@@ -211,8 +211,8 @@ Two collection-loop gotchas found while driving the phone over USB:
 2. ~~If `trace.errqueue_reachable` = PARTIAL, add a C-over-JNI errqueue shim.~~ **Retired** —
    SUPPORTED on both known devices; `traceroute.udp4` reads real hops via `Os.recvmsg` +
    `StructMsghdr` reflection, so no `:native` module is needed.
-3. Start the Go server skeleton (enrollment + profile + sessions + UDP echo with observation
+3. ~~Start the Go server skeleton per probe-protocol.md.~~ **Shipped** — live on fmr since
-   blocks + canary-DNS reference records) per probe-protocol.md.
+   v0.2.0 (2026-07-31); see the server sections below.
 4. Fold confirmed capabilities into the production `core-probe` / `core-shizuku` modules.
 
 ## Production probe server — LIVE on dedicated VM "fmr" (2026-07-31)
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ SSH only — verified untouched by the daemon (explicit multi-address binds, no
 Control: fmr-1:8443 (SPKI pin `zRV9qkiLnRexAeh4RrSfJzbPWO+U/2Oj2/NVM/KfXlg=`, verified
 externally over v4+v6). UDP data plane on all four service addresses :8442 — the second IP is
 the stun-5780 substrate. Daily randomized self-update timer installed (checksum-verified
-against SHA256SUMS; signature verification still TODO before treating the source as untrusted).
+against SHA256SUMS; signature verification landed 2026-08-02 — see "Release signing" below).
 Host config in `/etc/echolot-server.env`. SSH access for sessions: `ssh claude-echolot`.
 
 ## Server v0.3.0 — STUN + TCP echo + observations + actions (2026-07-31)
@@ -941,3 +941,408 @@ Also: a `BackHandler` now returns from Settings/History to the run screen. The s
 state variable with nothing connecting it to the back stack, so the system Back gesture left the
 app entirely. Enabled only when there is somewhere to go back to, so Back still exits from the run
 screen.
+
+### Upstream throughput (server-v0.6.3, 2026-08-01)
+The mirror of the downstream case: the client generates the traffic and the server counts it. No
+grant is involved — the client is sending its own packets, so there is nothing to amplify — but it
+does need the server's tally, because **only the far end knows how much arrived**. Without that
+number a sender measures how fast it can *transmit*, which is usually just the speed of the local
+NIC and is a different question from the one being asked.
+
+`TYPE_THROUGHPUT_UP` (0x0F) is counted and deliberately **never answered**: a reply would double
+the traffic and drag the return path into a measurement that is specifically about the outbound
+one.
+
+The tally is a counter, not a list, and short-circuits **before** the observation log. A
+five-second run at 20 Mbps is around ten thousand packets; one struct each would turn a
+measurement into an allocation storm on a shared server, and nothing needs the per-packet detail
+since the client holds the send-side record. The gap between the two counts is the loss.
+
+`direction=up` on the throughput action sends nothing — it zeroes the counter, so a second run in
+one session measures itself rather than inheriting the first one's packets. The live test asserts
+`received <= sent`, which is what catches a counter that was never reset.
+
+Live against fmr: **3125 sent, 3125 counted, 0 % loss, 10.0 Mbit/s** at a 10 Mbit/s request, with
+`measures_network: false` — correct, since what arrived matched what was offered, so the path was
+never the constraint.
+
+### Raw shell dumps leaked the whole LAN (2026-08-01)
+Found by running the Shizuku shell tier for the first time. The tier works — `tiers.shizuku: true`,
+`exec_path: UserService` (so the UserService binds on the OnePlus, as recorded), `runs_as
+shell(2000)`, 7/7 commands — and the run promptly uploaded **every MAC address on the local
+network** to fmr at the `balanced` level: router, phones, whatever else was on the wifi. Fourteen
+of them.
+
+The probes embed raw command output verbatim (`ip neigh`, `ip route`, `id`), which is genuinely
+good evidence and also a complete household device inventory. The anonymizer could not see it:
+classification is by field name and by whole-value shape, and `ip_neigh` is one long string that is
+itself neither a MAC nor an address. measurement-schema.md §9 item 2 had flagged raw dumps as "hard
+to anonymize" and proposed dropping them from exports; nothing enforced either.
+
+**Scrubbing beats dropping.** Identifiers inside any unclassified string are now replaced in place,
+using the same pseudonyms as everywhere else — so a MAC that appears both in a parsed field and in
+a raw dump still reads as one device. The dump stays readable and auditable: you can still see the
+neighbour table's shape, the host count, RFC1918 addresses and vendor prefixes. Dropping the
+evidence would have protected the same data while destroying the reason for collecting it.
+
+Two implementation notes worth keeping:
+- **One pass, not three.** Sequential passes re-process their own output: once a MAC became
+  `78:9a:18:xx:yy:zz`, the IPv6 pattern matched it — six hex groups separated by colons *is* an
+  address — and destroyed the vendor prefix the MAC rule had just preserved. Ordered alternation
+  resolves each position once, MAC first.
+- The patterns are conservative on purpose. A missed address gets caught by another rule or not at
+  all; an over-eager one mangles timestamps and version strings, corrupting evidence to protect
+  nothing.
+
+`RealDocumentTest` runs the anonymizer over a captured run when `ECHOLOT_REAL_RUN` points at one,
+and fails on any MAC that survives. It self-skips otherwise, so no one's network is committed to the
+repo. Against the actual leaked document: **14 MACs in, 0 surviving.**
+
+Also fixed: the Settings *Preview what an upload would send* button did nothing. It read
+`UiState.history`, which is empty until the History screen has been opened — the same root cause as
+the "0 run(s)" count. It now reads the archive directly, and says so when there is nothing to
+preview rather than silently ignoring the tap.
+
+### Security: the admin listener was publicly exposed for ~15 minutes (2026-08-01)
+Moving the admin listener to `[::2]:443` for the UI exposed `/admin/enroll-tokens` and
+`/admin/selftest` to the internet **with no authentication**. Anyone who could reach
+`fmr.echo-lot.app` could mint enrolment tokens.
+
+The listener was designed localhost-only — its own flag help says *"keep localhost"* — and that
+assumption travelled with it when the address changed. The compounding error: `checkAdminExposure`,
+added the same day, verifies **encryption** and says nothing about **authentication**. It passed,
+and a green light on an adjacent property is worse than no check, because it invites you to stop
+looking.
+
+Closed by returning to loopback (the TLS and ACME work is retained, just not exposed). All 68 device
+enrolments matched the timestamps of test runs, so there is no evidence of abuse — but the window
+existed on a freshly published hostname and absence cannot be proven. 39 unused enrolment tokens
+were purged, since any could have been minted by someone else and they cost nothing to replace, and
+63 test devices removed.
+
+**The admin listener does not become reachable again until it authenticates.** That reorders the UI
+work: auth on the listener first, everything else after.
+
+### Open: encrypted uploads, where the operator cannot read the data
+Not built. Recorded because the shape is decided by a few early choices, and the current design
+happens to leave the door open.
+
+The goal: hand someone an account, let them upload, and be unable to read what they uploaded.
+
+Sketch: a random per-account **master key**, generated on the first device and wrapped under a
+key derived from a passphrase (PBKDF2-HMAC-SHA256 — stdlib on both sides). The wrapped key is
+stored server-side as an opaque blob, so a new device signs in, fetches it, and unwraps locally;
+the server never sees either key. Runs are encrypted client-side with AES-256-GCM, fresh nonce per
+run. All of this is stdlib in Go and `javax.crypto` in Kotlin — no dependency either side.
+
+Four consequences that decide whether it is worth it:
+
+1. **What stays readable determines what the UI can do.** The server builds its index by *parsing*
+   the document — verdict, finding count, started_at. An opaque payload means the client supplies
+   that metadata or the index disappears, and with it retention-by-verdict and any "runs with
+   findings" view. The honest version supplies only run id, timestamp and size, and moves the rest
+   client-side.
+2. **Lose the passphrase, lose the data.** That is the feature working, and also the support
+   burden. It needs a recovery code printed at setup, not a reset flow — there is nothing to reset.
+3. **Metadata is not hidden.** The operator still sees which account uploaded, when, how often and
+   how large. "Cannot see it" is about content, not existence, and saying otherwise would oversell.
+4. **It makes `min_anonymization` unenforceable** — a server cannot check a level it cannot read.
+   That is not a conflict so much as a redundancy: the anonymization floor exists to protect the
+   user from the operator, and encryption does that better. The two should not both be demanded of
+   one upload.
+
+What keeps this possible: uploads are already stored byte-for-byte as received, and every index
+field is derived in one function (`runs.Put`). The thing to avoid is admin features that *require*
+reading content — those would have to be unbuilt later.
+
+### App sign-in, and an undisclosed dependency it surfaced (2026-08-01)
+The app can now sign in to the server's identity provider: authorization code with PKCE, a
+`Sign in` card in settings, and the `echolot://auth` redirect handled alongside the enrolment one
+(told apart by host, since one spends a token and the other completes an authorization).
+
+The detail that decides whether this works on a real phone: **the PKCE verifier is written to
+storage before the browser opens**, not held in memory. Handing control to a browser backgrounds
+the process and Android may kill it; the callback then arrives at a fresh process. An in-memory
+verifier works on a developer's device and fails under memory pressure, which is the worst way for
+a sign-in to break.
+
+Nothing from the IdP is retained. The ID token proves who is signing in, once, and the device
+credential authenticates everything after — no access tokens stored, no refresh tokens rotated.
+
+**A server remains entirely optional.** All eight probes are device-tier; `serverConfigured` gates
+only upload and the account. But answering that question exposed something worth fixing: two probes
+hardcode the reference deployment —
+
+```kotlin
+DnsCanaryProbe(canaryZone = "c.echo-lot.app", ...)   // "Hardcoded to the reference deployment"
+StunProbe(serverHost = "fmr-1.echo-lot.app")
+```
+
+so a user with no server of their own still sends DNS and STUN traffic to fmr without being told.
+For a tool that goes to this much trouble over what leaves the device, an undisclosed dependency on
+a third party's infrastructure is the wrong default. It should prefer the configured server, and be
+explicit when there is none. **Closed** — both probes take the enrolled server from settings
+(canary zone learned from the profile, cleared on re-enroll) and report themselves SKIPPED with
+the reason when none is configured.
+
+### v6.broken was a false positive waiting to happen (2026-08-01)
+A phone could not open `https://fmr.echo-lot.app` while loading the same server by IP literal
+perfectly well. Two things came out of chasing it.
+
+**The admin UI is IPv6-only, by consequence rather than intent.** `fmr.echo-lot.app` has an AAAA
+and no A record — verified identical at Cloudflare, Google and Quad9, so DNS itself is healthy.
+That follows from reserving all four measurement addresses for testing, which left only `::2` for
+management, and `::2` has no IPv4 counterpart. Any client without working IPv6 sees an unreachable
+admin interface — a poor property for the interface you reach *from the networks you are debugging*.
+
+**And the app's own `v6.broken` finding was unsound.** It fired on exactly one signal — ICMPv6 echo
+getting no reply — with `Confidence.HIGH`. ICMPv6 echo is widely filtered on networks where IPv6
+works fine, which is precisely what that phone demonstrated: no ICMPv6 replies, working IPv6 TCP.
+The finding asserted a cause it had no evidence for, which is the same class of error as the
+multi-homed `100 % downstream loss` earlier: a confident measurement of something that was not
+happening.
+
+Now `v6.no_icmp_reply`, severity low, confidence medium, and the text names *both* explanations
+instead of choosing one. It is still worth reporting, because filtered ICMPv6 breaks Path MTU
+Discovery — large packets vanish rather than being reported as too big — which is a real fault even
+when IPv6 works.
+
+The proper fix is corroboration: attempt a real IPv6 connection and only call it broken when that
+fails too. That needs a target, which runs into the hardcoded-reference-deployment issue already
+open above. **Both closed 2026-08-02** — see "Corroborated IPv6 findings" below.
+
+## Per-network probing is blocked while a VPN is up (2026-08-01)
+
+`Network.bindSocket()` fails with `EPERM` for every underlying network when a VPN holds the
+default route — verified on the OnePlus 15 with Netbird active: `Binding socket to network 101
+failed: EPERM` for both cellular and wifi. This is Android preventing VPN leaks, not a bug to work
+around, and it means the whole per-network measurement approach is unavailable to any user with a
+VPN connected. Worth deciding deliberately rather than discovering per report:
+
+- The run currently succeeds and simply measures nothing per network. Honest, but silent — the
+  document records `attempted: false` and the UI says green.
+- A user with a corporate VPN permanently on would get a green run that measured almost nothing.
+
+Options are to detect the VPN and say so plainly ("this network cannot be measured while a VPN is
+active"), to measure the tunnel itself as the network under test, or both. **Decided and built
+2026-08-02**: say so plainly, everywhere the run is read — see "Constrained runs" below.
+
+Related: `icmp.ping6` now records `attempted` alongside `ok` per network, because collapsing them
+made the app report "IPv6 is configured, but ICMPv6 gets no reply" about an interface it had never
+succeeded in sending on — a claim about the user's carrier with no evidence behind it.
+
+## Reserved measurement addresses, and the web UI on both families (2026-08-01)
+
+fmr has two IPv4 (.150/.151) and three IPv6 (::150/::151/::2) addresses. `.150`/`::150` now carry
+the services; `.151`/`::151` are reserved for measurement, declared in `ECHOLOT_RESERVED_ADDRS`.
+
+Reserved does **not** mean silent. The UDP data plane, the canary DNS and STUN's RFC 5780 alternate
+all belong there — reserving an address and then forbidding the measurements that need it would
+defeat the purpose. What must never appear is a service, and above all not ports 80 or 443: a
+handshake completing on a port known not to be listening is what proves interception, and that
+proof survives exactly as long as nothing binds those ports. `config.CheckReserved` enforces it at
+startup, refusing wildcard binds outright (every listener defaults to `:port`, so the next one added
+will claim reserved addresses without anyone deciding to).
+
+The first version of the guard was too strict and the live config caught it: it would have refused
+the existing UDP and DNS binds on `.151`. The rule is about services and web ports, not about
+listening at all.
+
+**The adb-beacon receiver was wildcard-bound to `0.0.0.0:443`**, occupying port 443 on every IPv4
+address including the reserved one — so the IPv4 interception test had been compromised for as long
+as it had been running, silently. It is now `systemctl disable --now echolot-adb-beacon`; restore
+with `systemctl enable --now`. Note what this implies: the guard covers this server's own listeners,
+and a stray process outside its config can still pollute a reserved address. A startup probe that
+*verifies* 80/443 are actually free on the reserved addresses would be a stronger guarantee than
+checking our own configuration — built 2026-08-02 (`selftest.ReservedWebPortsFree`, fatal at
+startup when anything is listening there).
+
+The admin UI and the ACME responder now take comma-separated addresses like every other listener;
+they were single-address, which is why the UI could only ever live on `::2`. It serves on `.150:443` and
+`[::150]:443`; sshd on `.150:2322` and `[::150]:2322`.
+
+`::2` is gone entirely — unbound, then removed from `/etc/systemd/network/ext.network`. The
+transition kept it bound throughout and dropped it only after the CNAME landed, because removing it
+first would have broken both the UI and ACME renewal for the very name the certificate is issued
+to. Listeners came off before the address did, in that order, or the services would have failed to
+bind on restart.
+
+Verified after a full reboot: `fmr.echo-lot.app` answers 200 over both families, `.151`/`::151` are
+closed on 80 and 443, canary DNS is still up on `.151`, and neither `::2` nor the beacon returns.
+(`echolot-server` is `After=network-online.target` with `Restart=on-failure`, which is what makes
+binding specific addresses safe across a boot — a wildcard bind would not have needed it, and that
+is the trade for the reserved addresses being meaningful.)
+
+The point of all this: `fmr.echo-lot.app` gained an A record, so the server stopped being reachable
+only over IPv6 — which is what made it unreachable from a phone with no working IPv6, presenting as
+"this host does not exist" in two different browsers.
+
+### If the beacon comes back, it belongs in the web UI
+
+Not as a separate listener. The receiver being its own Python service on `0.0.0.0:443` is exactly
+what silently compromised the reserved address, and a second process racing for a port is a
+recurring problem rather than a one-off: whoever loses the race simply fails to start, and on a
+reboot which one that is comes down to unit ordering.
+
+Folding it in costs little and settles several things at once. It would be two routes on the admin
+UI (`POST` the observed adb port, `GET /apk` for the staged build), behind the TLS the UI already
+terminates and the certificate it already renews, with no extra port and no wildcard. It also gets
+authentication for free — the current receiver accepts a port report from anyone who can reach it,
+which is tolerable for a dev tool on a trusted network and not something to keep once it lives
+beside an admin session.
+
+The one thing that changes on the device side is that the POST becomes HTTPS. That is a real
+certificate rather than a self-signed one, so it costs a URL scheme rather than any trust plumbing.
+
+## The control plane shares port 443 (2026-08-01)
+
+`fmr-1.echo-lot.app:443` is the control plane, `fmr.echo-lot.app:443` the admin UI, both on
+`.150`/`::150`, one listener, selected by SNI for the certificate and by `Host` for the handler.
+
+The reason is not tidiness, it is reachability. Captive portals, hotel wifi and corporate firewalls
+routinely permit only 80 and 443 — which is exactly the population of networks this tool exists to
+diagnose. A control plane on 8443 is unreachable precisely when it matters most, and it fails as
+"cannot reach server", which tells the user nothing.
+
+They cannot share a certificate, which is why this needs two names. The control plane is trusted by
+SPKI pin and so uses a long-lived self-signed certificate; a browser needs one a CA vouches for.
+One name on one port is one certificate, so the port can only be shared by splitting the names.
+Pinning the Let's Encrypt key instead was considered and rejected: it survives renewal only while
+key reuse holds, so a routine key rotation would brick the whole fleet.
+
+Verified per SNI on 443: `fmr.echo-lot.app` serves `issuer=Let's Encrypt`, `fmr-1.echo-lot.app`
+serves the self-signed cert whose pin is unchanged (`zRV9…Xlg=`), `/v1/profile` answers 401 on the
+control name and 303 to the login page on the UI name.
+
+**8443 stays open.** Devices enrolled before this carry that URL in their settings, and closing it
+for the sake of a port number would strand every one of them. It can go once no enrolled device
+still points at it — not before.
+
+The rule from the naming change still binds: `fmr` may be a CNAME to exactly one host and never a
+multi-address record, because a pinned client that reaches a different key does not fail over.
+
+## Constrained runs: a VPN'd run now says so, everywhere (2026-08-02, app 0.2.1)
+
+The measurement schema gained a top-level `constraints` block (§3) and the app now fills it.
+`ConstraintDetector` (core-probe) runs before any probe: one throwaway `Network.bindSocket()` per
+non-VPN network, plus a transport check for an active VPN. The result lands in three places, and
+all three are deliberate:
+
+- **`run.constraints`** — for machines. A server aggregating thousands of runs can now separate
+  "measured a healthy network" from "measured almost nothing through a tunnel"; the shapes were
+  identical before.
+- **A `measurement.vpn_constrained` finding** — for the person reading this run, naming the
+  interfaces that went unmeasured. A constrained run with a quiet findings list still reads as
+  "nothing wrong here".
+- **The §7.3 verdict** — `Verdicts.derive` takes the constraints and returns INCONCLUSIVE
+  outright for a per-network-blocked run, whatever the category lights say; the run screen shows
+  an amber "Measured through a VPN" banner above the verdict so INCONCLUSIVE reads as the OS
+  refusing, not the app failing.
+
+Detection is one bind per network rather than parsing per-test `attempted:false` breadcrumbs, so
+it cannot drift when probe evidence formats change.
+
+## Corroborated IPv6 findings: v6.broken is back, with evidence (2026-08-02, app 0.2.1)
+
+The new `V6ConnectProbe` (test type `v6.brokenness`) attempts a real TCP connection over IPv6 to
+the configured server's :443, per network that *claims* IPv6 (global address or v6 default
+route) — IPv4-only networks are not attempted, since their failure is by design and would
+manufacture the exact false positive this exists to kill. The finding derivation is now three-way:
+
+- ICMPv6 silent, TCP works → `v6.no_icmp_reply` at **high** confidence, retitled "ICMPv6 is
+  filtered here — IPv6 itself works" (still reported: filtered ICMPv6 breaks PMTUD).
+- ICMPv6 silent, TCP fails too → **`v6.broken`** (high severity, reinstated in the registry +
+  findings-registry.md): two independent transports silent on a network advertising IPv6.
+- No corroboration (no server configured, or the connect never got as far as sending) → the
+  two-explanation `v6.no_icmp_reply` at medium confidence, unchanged.
+
+Like STUN and the canary, the probe SKIPs honestly when no server is configured — corroboration
+is a benefit of enrollment, not a reason to borrow fmr.
+
+## Server: reserved 80/443 verified against the OS, and signed releases (2026-08-02)
+
+**Reserved-address startup probe.** `serve()` now proves 80/443 are actually free on every
+`ECHOLOT_RESERVED_ADDRS` address before starting: a throwaway bind per port
+(`selftest.ReservedWebPortsFree`), fatal on EADDRINUSE with the offending address named — the
+check `CheckReserved` cannot do, because a stray process outside our config (the adb-beacon
+receiver on `0.0.0.0:443` was exactly that) is invisible to configuration checks. Bind errors
+that are not "in use" (typo'd address, address not on this host) warn instead of refusing —
+they are config problems, not pollution.
+
+**Release signing.** Self-update now trusts a signature, not a host. CI signs `SHA256SUMS` with
+an ed25519 key (`relsign` package, `cmd/release-sign`) and the updater refuses any release whose
+`SHA256SUMS.sig` is missing or does not verify against the public key baked into the binary
+(`selfupdate.DefaultPublicKeyB64`; operators with their own pipeline override via
+`ECHOLOT_SELF_UPDATE_PUBKEY`). The private key exists in exactly two places: the Gitea Actions
+secret `RELEASE_SIGNING_KEY`, and the offline original on the dev PC at
+`~/.echolot/release-signing-key`. It is deliberately NOT on fmr and NOT in the repo — a
+compromised release host can withhold updates but no longer inject one. CI hard-fails when the
+secret is missing (an unsigned release would strand every verifying server) and cross-checks the
+signature against the key in the source it just built.
+
+**ACTION REQUIRED before the next `server-v*` tag:** add the Gitea repo secret
+`RELEASE_SIGNING_KEY` (Settings → Actions → Secrets) with the contents of
+`~/.echolot/release-signing-key` from the dev PC. Ordering is safe: the currently deployed
+v0.3.x updater does not verify, so it will happily install the first signed release; every
+release after that is verified. **Done 2026-08-02** — the secret is in place. (The "v0.3.x"
+above should read "the currently deployed release": deployments had moved on to v0.9.x by the
+time signing landed; the point — the deployed updater predates verification and will accept the
+first signed release — is unchanged.)
+
+## Prober fold: traceroute.udp4 and the mDNS inventory go production (2026-08-02, app 0.2.2)
+
+The two highest-value validated capabilities moved from the prober into `core-probe`:
+
+- **`traceroute.udp4`** (`TracerouteProbe`): UDP traceroute reading ICMP time-exceeded off the
+  socket error queue via `Os.recvmsg(MSG_ERRQUEUE)` through the reflection facade — no root, no
+  raw socket, no JNI, ~250 ms for six hops. Emits the schema's `TracerouteEvidence` (rtt in ns).
+  `OsAbi` came with it, including the measured fact that `Os.getsockoptInt` exists on neither
+  known device, so PMTU must always be read from the errqueue (`ee_info`), never
+  `getsockopt(IP_MTU)`. The load-bearing line survived the port: EAGAIN out of the reflected
+  `recvmsg` means "queue empty", not failure.
+- **`local.mdns_inventory`** (`MdnsInventoryProbe`): MulticastLock + NSD discovery, the service
+  inventory that doubles as the VLAN-leakage detector. Both hardware lessons kept: the
+  `_services._dns-sd._udp.` meta-query returns 0 beside live services on both devices (so the
+  concrete types are the measurement and the meta-query result is itself evidence), and the
+  listen window is 10 s because 4 s missed services.
+
+Still to fold, in order: the Shizuku dump *parsers* (the raw `link.ip_monitor` captures already
+hold two divergent vendor formats that could feed `link.ra_source` and `sec.arp_watch`);
+`multinetwork.request_and_bind` (extend ConstraintDetector to *request* transports rather than
+only probing present ones); `peer.ble_advertise` (needs three new permissions and a peer mode to
+exist first).
+
+## Server v0.9.2: trains, real TTL/DSCP/ECN, rate limits (2026-08-02)
+
+The spec-vs-implementation gap audit closed its top items; protocol_version 1.0.0 → 1.0.1
+(additive — below 1.0.0 the minor is the breaking axis, and nothing here breaks an old client):
+
+- **Upstream trains** (§3.2, types 0x03/0x04/0x05): per-train bounded columnar buffer (8192
+  rows, head kept on overflow with `Truncated` set — mirrors the schema's `evidence_truncated`
+  honesty), TRAIN_REPORT split across ≤1200-byte datagrams, grant-free with the §3.4 argument
+  spelled out (a 17-byte report row answers a ≥36-byte HMAC-valid packet). Unknown train id
+  gets a zero-row report: "nothing arrived" is an answer. Also surfaced as `udp.trains` in the
+  observations API.
+- **Real TTL/DSCP/ECN observation** (§3.3): the read loop is `ReadMsgUDPAddrPort` with
+  IP_RECVTTL/IP_RECVTOS/IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT/IPV6_RECVTCLASS cmsgs on Linux; `0xFF` stays the
+  "not observed" sentinel elsewhere. This unblocks `sec.dscp_ecn_survival` both directions,
+  paired with the new `dscp` parameter on `downtrain` (validated 0–63, refused not clamped,
+  `dscp_applied` in the response).
+- **Rate limiting** (§2.5, was entirely absent): token buckets keyed per credential AND per
+  source IP; 429 + Retry-After on session/action creation (`/v1/profile` stays ungated), silent
+  drop on the data plane — charged after the HMAC gate so a spoofed flood cannot drain a
+  victim's budget, before the replay window so a dropped seq stays usable. UDP ceilings default
+  above the largest legitimate run (a 200 Mbps throughput test), because a rate limit that
+  clips a real measurement produces a confidently wrong number.
+- **`action_id` in every granted packet** (§5/§9): payload bytes [8:16] across all granted
+  types, so overlapping actions are attributable. Verified the deployed Kotlin client parses
+  only ECHO_RESP and MTU_ACK payloads, so the reshuffle strands nobody.
+- **Canary log retention**: the stated 24 h privacy default is now enforced
+  (`ECHOLOT_DNS_LOG_RETENTION_H`), where before the log was time-unbounded.
+- **`POST /admin/enroll-tokens`** now answers the spec's JSON shape under content negotiation;
+  the README's curl works as documented.
+- Spec §2.3 registry gained `downtrain` and `tcp-echo`, which the server had been advertising
+  as strings a conformant client must ignore.
+
+Client-side counterparts still to build: sending 0x03 trains + parsing 0x05 reports
+(`train.udp_updown`), and passing `dscp` on downtrain actions.

docs/findings-registry.md

@@ -89,9 +89,29 @@ rolled up under *connectivity* instead — the third occurrence of rule 1 being
 
 | code | severity | means | rules out |
 |---|---|---|---|
-| `v6.broken` | medium | IPv6 is configured on this network but does not work. | Absence of IPv6: it is provisioned, it simply fails. |
+| `dns.search_domain_unanswered` | high | The network advertises a DNS search domain that its own server does not answer for. | A fault on this device: the same server answers ordinary names normally. |
+| `dns.system_resolver_broken` | high | The network's DNS server answers, but this device cannot resolve names through it. | A network fault: the server replied to a query sent from this device. |
+| `measurement.vpn_constrained` | info | A VPN was active, so the networks underneath it could not be measured. | Nothing — this run says little about the underlying network either way. |
+| `v6.no_default_route` | medium | The device has a global IPv6 address but no IPv6 default route. | Guesswork: this is read from the routing table, not inferred from silence. |
+| `v6.route_without_address` | medium | The network advertises an IPv6 default route but the device has no global IPv6 address. | A working IPv6 setup: SLAAC did not produce a usable address on this link. |
+| `v6.no_icmp_reply` | low | IPv6 is configured but ICMPv6 echo gets no reply. | Nothing on its own: IPv6 may work fine with ICMP filtered. |
+| `v6.broken` | high | IPv6 is advertised on this network but carries no traffic. | ICMP filtering as the benign explanation: a TCP connection over IPv6 failed too. |
 | `v6.not_offered` | info | This network does not offer IPv6. | — |
 
+`v6.no_icmp_reply` was `v6.broken` until a phone reported it while loading an IPv6-only site over
+TCP perfectly well. The only evidence behind it is ICMPv6 echo, which is widely filtered on
+networks where IPv6 works — so the finding now states what was observed and names both
+explanations instead of choosing one. It is still worth reporting: filtered ICMPv6 breaks Path MTU
+Discovery.
+
+`v6.broken` returned once that corroboration existed: the `v6.brokenness` test attempts a real TCP
+connection over IPv6 to the configured server, and only when *both* transports fail on a network
+that advertises IPv6 is the brokenness claim made — at high severity, because every dual-stack
+destination pays a timeout before falling back to IPv4. When the TCP connect *succeeds*,
+`v6.no_icmp_reply` is emitted at high confidence instead, now able to say plainly that ICMPv6 is
+filtered while IPv6 works. With no server configured there is no corroboration target and the
+two-explanation `v6.no_icmp_reply` stands unchanged.
+
 `v6.not_offered` is **info and must stay info**. Most networks still do not offer IPv6 and that is
 not a fault; reporting it as a warning lights a yellow verdict on a healthy network, which teaches
 people to ignore the light — the one thing a diagnostic must never do.

docs/measurement-schema.md

@@ -52,12 +52,26 @@ Export encoding: UTF-8 JSON, gzip for files (`.echolot.json.gz`), share intent u
   },
   "tiers": { "app": true, "shizuku": true, "root": false },
   "profiles_used": ["profile-uuid", ...],
+  "constraints": {
+    "vpn_active": true,
+    "per_network_blocked": true,
+    "unmeasured_networks": ["net-0", "net-1"]
+  },
   "notes": "free-text user annotation"
 }
 ```
 
 `tiers` records what was *available*; each test records what it *used*.
 
+`constraints` records what was *prevented*. A constrained run is neither a failed run nor a normal
+one, and the distinction has to survive into the data: a run taken through a VPN has the same shape
+and the same green verdict as a clean run of a healthy network, so without this a reader — or a
+server aggregating thousands of them — cannot tell that almost nothing was measured. The known case
+is `per_network_blocked`: Android refuses `Network.bindSocket()` on the underlying networks while a
+VPN holds the default route, so every per-network test measures the tunnel or nothing at all, and
+any conclusion about the link underneath is unfounded. Consumers should treat findings from a
+constrained run as scoped to what was actually reachable, and `unmeasured_networks` names the rest.
+
 ## 4. `networks[]` — one entry per Android `Network` in play
 
 A run may exercise several networks simultaneously (Wi-Fi + cellular + USB ethernet). Everything is a snapshot at run start; a `changes[]` list captures mid-run deltas.

docs/probe-protocol.md

@@ -84,7 +84,12 @@ The app re-fetches the profile at the start of every run (falling back to the ca
 
 ### 2.3 Capabilities (v1 registry)
 
-`udp-probe`, `stun-basic`, `stun-5780`, `canary-dns`, `recursive-dns`, `connect-back`, `delayed-echo`, `big-send`, `frag-send`, `tls-echo`, `http-echo`, `throughput`, `ntp`. A server omits what it can't offer (e.g. `stun-5780` without a second IP degrades to `stun-basic`). Clients must skip, and record as `unsupported`, any test whose capability is absent. Unknown capability strings are ignored.
+`udp-probe`, `stun-basic`, `stun-5780`, `canary-dns`, `recursive-dns`, `connect-back`, `delayed-echo`, `big-send`, `frag-send`, `tls-echo`, `http-echo`, `throughput`, `ntp`, plus:
+
+- `downtrain` — server-sent downstream trains via the §5 `downtrain` action. Upstream trains need no capability of their own: they are plain client-sent data-plane packets and ride `udp-probe`.
+- `tcp-echo` — the plain-TCP echo endpoint (§4); `tls-echo` is its ALPN variant on the same port.
+
+A server omits what it can't offer (e.g. `stun-5780` without a second IP degrades to `stun-basic`). Clients must skip, and record as `unsupported`, any test whose capability is absent. Unknown capability strings are ignored.
 
 ### 2.4 Sessions
 
@@ -111,6 +116,31 @@ DELETE /v1/sessions/{id}
 
 Per-credential and per-source-IP token buckets on: session creation, actions, UDP packets, bytes. `429` on control plane; silent drop on data plane (probes must tolerate loss anyway). All reflected/generated traffic goes **only** to the session's observed source address (or, for connect-back, the source address of the session-creating request). Data-plane responses to unauthenticated packets are never larger than the request (§3.4).
 
+### 2.2 `GET /v1/discover` — where the control plane lives
+
+Unauthenticated, and says almost nothing: the control-plane URL and the server's display name.
+
+```json
+{ "control_url": "https://probe.example.net", "name": "example" }
+```
+
+It exists so an enrollment link can carry the name a person recognises while the app still connects
+to the name that selects the pinned certificate. When a server shares port 443 between its admin UI
+and its control plane, those must be different hostnames — one port and one name is one certificate,
+and the two need different ones (a browser-trusted certificate, and a long-lived self-signed one the
+client pins). Without discovery, the difference leaks into every enrollment link an operator hands
+out.
+
+**It hands out an address, never a pin.** The pin travels in the link itself. Serving it here would
+reduce pinning to whatever the certificate authorities are worth, and pinning exists precisely to
+survive one the operator does not control — a root injected by corporate device management, for
+instance, which is unremarkable on the networks this tool is pointed at. Because the pin is
+pre-shared, an intercepted discovery response can only send a device to the wrong host, where the
+pin will not match: an outage, not a compromise.
+
+Clients treat it as optional. A server that does not answer, or a link that already names the
+control endpoint, works unchanged — enrollment must not begin failing because a lookup did.
+
 ## 3. UDP probe protocol
 
 ### 3.1 Packet header (fixed 32 bytes, network byte order)

echolot-app/app/build.gradle.kts

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ plugins {
 //
 // major*1_000_000 + minor*10_000 + patch*10 leaves room for 9 patch-level rebuilds (the trailing
 // digit) without disturbing the mapping, and stays inside the 2_100_000_000 ceiling until major 2100.
-val appVersionName = "0.2.0"
+val appVersionName = "0.2.2"
 
 fun versionCodeOf(semver: String): Int {
     val (major, minor, patch) = semver.substringBefore('-').split(".").map(String::toInt)
@@ -34,8 +34,16 @@ android {
         versionName = appVersionName
         // Automation: `adb shell am start -n app.echo_lot.app/.MainActivity --ez autorun true`
         // runs a measurement immediately and POSTs the report here (dev collection endpoint).
-        buildConfigField("String", "REPORT_UPLOAD_URL", "\"http://89.185.109.150:443/report\"")
+        // Empty: the collection endpoint this pointed at was the adb-beacon receiver, which held
-        buildConfigField("String", "REPORT_UPLOAD_SECRET", "\"D4OmG5gGJsElqVVbtYIZbR\"")
+        // 0.0.0.0:443 in cleartext. That service is gone and echolot-server owns 443 with TLS, so
+        // posting plaintext there now fails as "client sent an HTTP request to an HTTPS server" —
+        // an alarming error for a debugging convenience that is no longer needed, since autorun
+        // reports are read straight off the device with `run-as cat`.
+        //
+        // Deliberately not repointed at /v1/runs. That is the consent-gated upload, and a
+        // debugging shortcut must not be able to satisfy it by accident.
+        buildConfigField("String", "REPORT_UPLOAD_URL", "\"\"")
+        buildConfigField("String", "REPORT_UPLOAD_SECRET", "\"\"")
         // The bare SemVer, without the debug build's "-dev" suffix stripped away by the server's
         // parser anyway — sent to servers so they can apply their compatibility window.
         buildConfigField("String", "APP_SEMVER", "\"$appVersionName\"")

echolot-app/app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml

@@ -22,7 +22,8 @@
 
         <activity
             android:name=".MainActivity"
-            android:exported="true">
+            android:exported="true"
+            android:launchMode="singleTask">
             <intent-filter>
                 <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                 <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
@@ -39,6 +40,17 @@
                 <category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" />
                 <data android:scheme="echolot" android:host="enroll" />
             </intent-filter>
+            <!--
+              Sign-in redirect. The browser hands the authorization code back through this, which
+              is exactly why the flow uses PKCE: any app may register this scheme, so the code
+              alone must not be enough to complete a sign-in.
+            -->
+            <intent-filter android:autoVerify="false">
+                <action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" />
+                <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
+                <category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" />
+                <data android:scheme="echolot" android:host="auth" />
+            </intent-filter>
         </activity>
 
         <provider

echolot-app/app/src/main/kotlin/app/echo_lot/app/Account.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Echolot contributors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+package app.echo_lot.app
+
+import app.echo_lot.protocol.AuthInfo
+import app.echo_lot.protocol.ControlClient
+import app.echo_lot.protocol.OidcLogin
+import kotlinx.serialization.json.Json
+import kotlinx.serialization.json.jsonObject
+import kotlinx.serialization.json.jsonPrimitive
+
+/**
+ * Signing in to the configured server's identity provider.
+ *
+ * The awkward part of a browser-based sign-in on Android is that the app is not running while it
+ * happens. Handing control to a browser puts this process in the background, where it may be
+ * killed at any moment; the callback then arrives at a fresh process with none of the state the
+ * exchange needs. So the PKCE verifier and state are written to storage before the browser opens,
+ * not held in memory — an in-memory value works on a developer's device and fails on a phone under
+ * memory pressure, which is the worst way for this to break.
+ *
+ * Nothing from the identity provider is kept afterwards. The ID token proves who is signing in,
+ * once; the device credential authenticates everything from then on.
+ */
+class Account(private val settings: Settings) {
+
+    private val json = Json { ignoreUnknownKeys = true }
+
+    sealed interface SignInStart {
+        /** Open this in a browser. */
+        data class Browser(val url: String) : SignInStart
+        data class Unavailable(val reason: String) : SignInStart
+    }
+
+    /** Fetches the server's auth configuration and builds the authorization URL. */
+    fun begin(): SignInStart {
+        if (!settings.serverConfigured) {
+            return SignInStart.Unavailable(
+                "Enrol with a server first — sign-in belongs to the server's identity provider."
+            )
+        }
+        val auth = runCatching { client().profile(settings.serverCredential).auth }.getOrNull()
+            ?: return SignInStart.Unavailable("Could not reach the server to ask how to sign in.")
+
+        auth.discoveryError?.let {
+            // The distinction matters: "the operator configured an IdP that is not answering" is
+            // their problem to fix, and is not the same as "this server has no accounts".
+            return SignInStart.Unavailable("The server's identity provider is not responding: $it")
+        }
+        if (!auth.enabled) {
+            return SignInStart.Unavailable("This server does not offer accounts.")
+        }
+        return try {
+            val pending = OidcLogin.begin(auth)
+            // Written before the browser opens, because after that this process may not survive.
+            settings.pendingVerifier = pending.verifier
+            settings.pendingState = pending.state
+            SignInStart.Browser(pending.authorizationUrl)
+        } catch (t: Throwable) {
+            SignInStart.Unavailable(t.message ?: "Could not start sign-in.")
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Completes sign-in from the `echolot://auth` redirect.
+     *
+     * Blocking; callers run it off the main thread.
+     */
+    fun complete(callbackUri: String): String {
+        val verifier = settings.pendingVerifier
+        val state = settings.pendingState
+        // Cleared first, whatever happens next: these are single-use, and leaving them behind
+        // would let a later callback be completed against a flow nobody started.
+        settings.clearPendingAuth()
+
+        if (verifier.isBlank() || state.isBlank()) {
+            return "That sign-in did not start on this device."
+        }
+        return try {
+            val auth = client().profile(settings.serverCredential).auth
+            val idToken = OidcLogin.complete(
+                auth, OidcLogin.Pending("", verifier, state), callbackUri,
+            )
+            val reply = client().linkAccount(settings.serverCredential, idToken)
+            val o = json.parseToJsonElement(reply).jsonObject
+            val name = o["display_name"]?.jsonPrimitive?.content ?: "signed in"
+            settings.accountName = name
+            settings.accountId = o["account_id"]?.jsonPrimitive?.content ?: ""
+            val admin = o["admin"]?.jsonPrimitive?.content == "true"
+            "Signed in as $name" + if (admin) " (administrator)" else ""
+        } catch (e: OidcLogin.LoginFailed) {
+            e.message ?: "Sign-in failed."
+        } catch (t: Throwable) {
+            "Sign-in failed: ${t.message ?: t.javaClass.simpleName}"
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Signs out. The device stays enrolled — signing out should not cost an enrolment. */
+    fun signOut(): String = try {
+        client().unlinkAccount(settings.serverCredential)
+        settings.accountName = ""
+        settings.accountId = ""
+        "Signed out. This device is still enrolled."
+    } catch (t: Throwable) {
+        "Could not sign out: ${t.message ?: t.javaClass.simpleName}"
+    }
+
+    /** Asks the server who it thinks is signed in, so the UI is not trusting stale local state. */
+    fun refresh(): String? = runCatching {
+        val o = json.parseToJsonElement(client().accountStatus(settings.serverCredential)).jsonObject
+        val signedIn = o["signed_in"]?.jsonPrimitive?.content == "true"
+        settings.accountName = if (signedIn) {
+            o["display_name"]?.jsonPrimitive?.content ?: ""
+        } else {
+            ""
+        }
+        settings.accountName.takeIf { it.isNotBlank() }
+    }.getOrNull()
+
+    private fun client() = ControlClient(
+        settings.serverUrl, setOf(settings.serverPin), BuildConfig.APP_SEMVER,
+        fallbackAddrs = settings.serverAddrList(),
+    )
+}

echolot-app/app/src/main/kotlin/app/echo_lot/app/MainActivity.kt

@@ -43,9 +43,27 @@ class MainActivity : ComponentActivity() {
     private val permissionLauncher =
         registerForActivityResult(ActivityResultContracts.RequestMultiplePermissions()) { /* proceed regardless */ }
 
+    /**
+     * The intent currently being acted on, so a deep link that arrives while the app is running
+     * is seen by the screen the user is already looking at.
+     *
+     * The activity is singleTask for the same reason. As a standard activity it stacked a second
+     * instance per link, each with its own ViewModel: the enrolment then happened in a throwaway
+     * copy, and pressing back returned to the original screen showing none of it. Silent, and
+     * indistinguishable from the link simply not working.
+     */
+    private val liveIntent = mutableStateOf<android.content.Intent?>(null)
+
+    override fun onNewIntent(intent: android.content.Intent) {
+        super.onNewIntent(intent)
+        setIntent(intent)
+        liveIntent.value = intent
+    }
+
     override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
         requestRuntimePermissions()
+        liveIntent.value = intent
         setContent {
             MaterialTheme(colorScheme = darkColorScheme()) {
                 Surface(color = MaterialTheme.colorScheme.background) {
@@ -63,13 +81,88 @@ class MainActivity : ComponentActivity() {
                     // An echolot://enroll link (QR scan, or a link the operator sent) opens the
                     // app straight into settings with the enrollment already done, so the user
                     // sees the result rather than a form they still have to fill in.
-                    val enrollUri = intent?.takeIf { it.action == Intent.ACTION_VIEW }?.dataString
+                    // Both deep links land here. They are told apart by host, so a sign-in
+                    // redirect is never mistaken for an enrolment link — one spends a token, the
+                    // other completes an authorization, and confusing them would fail obscurely.
+                    val incoming = liveIntent.value?.takeIf { it.action == Intent.ACTION_VIEW }?.dataString
+                    val authUri = incoming?.takeIf { it.startsWith("echolot://auth") }
+                    val enrollUri = incoming?.takeIf { it.startsWith("echolot://enroll") }
                     androidx.compose.runtime.LaunchedEffect(enrollUri) {
                         if (enrollUri != null) {
                             vm.enroll(enrollUri)
                             screen = Screen.SETTINGS
                         }
                     }
+                    // Replacing an existing enrollment is asked about, never assumed. Following a
+                    // link from a web page is one tap, and the old credential does not survive it.
+                    vm.state.pendingEnroll?.let { pending ->
+                        androidx.compose.material3.AlertDialog(
+                            onDismissRequest = { vm.cancelEnroll() },
+                            title = {
+                                androidx.compose.material3.Text(
+                                    if (pending.sameServer) "Enroll again with this server?"
+                                    else "Replace this device's server?"
+                                )
+                            },
+                            text = {
+                                androidx.compose.material3.Text(
+                                    // Naming the same URL twice reads as a mistake and buries the
+                                    // one consequence that actually applies: the device is issued a
+                                    // fresh credential and shows up as a second entry.
+                                    if (pending.sameServer) {
+                                        "This device is already enrolled with " +
+                                            "${pending.currentServer}.\n\n" +
+                                            "Enrolling again replaces its credential. The old one " +
+                                            "stops working immediately, and the device appears on " +
+                                            "the server as a new entry alongside the current one — " +
+                                            "which you may want to revoke afterwards.\n\n" +
+                                            "Runs already uploaded, and runs stored on this phone, " +
+                                            "are not affected."
+                                    } else {
+                                        "This device is already enrolled with " +
+                                            "${pending.currentServer}.\n\n" +
+                                            "Enrolling with ${pending.newServer} replaces that. Runs " +
+                                            "already uploaded stay where they are, but this device " +
+                                            "stops reporting to the old server and appears on the new " +
+                                            "one as a new device.\n\n" +
+                                            "Runs stored on this phone are not affected."
+                                    }
+                                )
+                            },
+                            confirmButton = {
+                                androidx.compose.material3.TextButton(onClick = { vm.confirmEnroll() }) {
+                                    androidx.compose.material3.Text(
+                                        if (pending.sameServer) "Enroll again" else "Enroll here"
+                                    )
+                                }
+                            },
+                            dismissButton = {
+                                androidx.compose.material3.TextButton(onClick = { vm.cancelEnroll() }) {
+                                    androidx.compose.material3.Text("Keep current server")
+                                }
+                            },
+                        )
+                    }
+                    androidx.compose.runtime.LaunchedEffect(authUri) {
+                        if (authUri != null) {
+                            vm.completeSignIn(authUri)
+                            screen = Screen.SETTINGS
+                        }
+                    }
+                    // Shizuku can be started, stopped or authorised in its own app, where nothing
+                    // calls back into this process. Asking again each time this screen comes
+                    // forward is what makes the banner right after the user has been away to fix
+                    // it — which is exactly the moment they look at it.
+                    val lifecycleOwner = androidx.compose.ui.platform.LocalLifecycleOwner.current
+                    androidx.compose.runtime.DisposableEffect(lifecycleOwner) {
+                        val obs = androidx.lifecycle.LifecycleEventObserver { _, event ->
+                            if (event == androidx.lifecycle.Lifecycle.Event.ON_RESUME) {
+                                vm.refreshShizuku()
+                            }
+                        }
+                        lifecycleOwner.lifecycle.addObserver(obs)
+                        onDispose { lifecycleOwner.lifecycle.removeObserver(obs) }
+                    }
                     androidx.compose.runtime.LaunchedEffect(autorun) {
                         if (autorun) vm.run(devUpload = true)
                     }
@@ -101,15 +194,27 @@ class MainActivity : ComponentActivity() {
                         onApplyRetention = vm::applyRetention,
                         onDeleteAll = vm::deleteAllRuns,
                         onPreviewUpload = {
-                            // Preview the newest run, since that is the one the user just made
+                            // Straight from the archive: the newest run is the one the user just
-                            // and the one they are deciding about.
+                            // made and the one they are deciding about. Always shows something,
-                            vm.state.history.firstOrNull()?.let { r ->
+                            // even when there is nothing to preview yet.
-                                lifecycleScope.launch { preview = vm.uploadPreview(r.id) }
+                            lifecycleScope.launch { preview = vm.previewNewestRun() }
-                            }
                         },
                         onCheckServer = vm::checkServer,
+                        accountName = vm.accountName,
+                        onSignIn = {
+                            vm.beginSignIn { url ->
+                                // A plain VIEW intent rather than a Custom Tab: the browser is
+                                // where the user's existing IdP session already lives, and
+                                // androidx.browser would be a dependency for a rounded corner.
+                                runCatching {
+                                    startActivity(Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, android.net.Uri.parse(url)))
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                        onSignOut = vm::signOut,
                         onEnroll = vm::enroll,
                         serverStatus = vm.state.archiveStatus,
+                        enrollStatus = vm.state.enrollStatus,
                         onBack = { screen = Screen.RUN },
                       )
                       Screen.HISTORY -> HistoryScreen(
@@ -308,6 +413,29 @@ private fun EcholotScreen(
 
 @Composable
 private fun Results(doc: MeasurementDocument) {
+    // A constrained run is answered before the lights are: the verdict below is INCONCLUSIVE by
+    // §7.3, and without this banner "inconclusive" reads as the app failing rather than the OS
+    // (correctly) refusing to let anything past the VPN be measured.
+    val constraints = doc.run.constraints
+    if (constraints.constrained) {
+        val blocked = constraints.unmeasuredNetworks
+            .mapNotNull { id -> doc.networks.firstOrNull { it.id == id } }
+            .joinToString(", ") { it.iface?.takeIf { s -> s.isNotBlank() } ?: it.transport.name.lowercase() }
+            .ifBlank { "the networks beneath it" }
+        Card(colors = CardDefaults.cardColors(containerColor = Color(0xFF3A2E12))) {
+            Column(Modifier.fillMaxWidth().padding(12.dp)) {
+                Text("Measured through a VPN", color = Color(0xFFFFD08A),
+                    fontWeight = FontWeight.SemiBold)
+                Text(
+                    "Android does not let apps send on the networks beneath an active VPN, so " +
+                        "$blocked could not be measured — these results describe the tunnel. " +
+                        "Disconnect the VPN and run again to measure the networks themselves.",
+                    fontSize = 12.sp, color = Color(0xFFFFD08A),
+                )
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     val summary = doc.summary
     if (summary != null) {
         Card(colors = CardDefaults.cardColors(containerColor = verdictColor(summary.overall))) {

echolot-app/app/src/main/kotlin/app/echo_lot/app/RunStore.kt

@@ -80,8 +80,16 @@ class RunStore(context: Context, private val settings: Settings) {
 
     private fun client() = ControlClient(
         settings.serverUrl, setOf(settings.serverPin), BuildConfig.APP_SEMVER,
+        fallbackAddrs = settings.serverAddrList(),
     )
 
+    /** Remembers where the server lives, so a later run can reach it without DNS. */
+    private fun rememberAddrs(p: app.echo_lot.protocol.Profile) {
+        val addrs = p.targets.flatMap { listOfNotNull(it.ip4, it.ip6) }
+            .filter { it.isNotBlank() }
+        if (addrs.isNotEmpty()) settings.serverAddrs = addrs.joinToString(",")
+    }
+
     /**
      * Checks the configured server without uploading anything: reachable, pinned, compatible, and
      * willing to accept runs. Lets the user find out in settings rather than from a failed run.
@@ -90,6 +98,10 @@ class RunStore(context: Context, private val settings: Settings) {
         if (!settings.serverConfigured) return "Fill in the server URL, pin and credential first."
         return try {
             val profile = client().profile(settings.serverCredential)
+            // Learned here so the next run's canary probe knows what to ask for.
+            profile.canaryZone.takeIf { it.isNotBlank() }?.let { settings.canaryZone = it }
+            settings.serverFacts = describeFacts(profile)
+            rememberAddrs(profile)
             val compat = Compat.check(profile, BuildConfig.APP_SEMVER)
             val head = "${profile.name} · server ${profile.serverVersion} · " +
                 "protocol ${profile.compat.protocolVersion.ifBlank { "unstated" }}"
@@ -115,6 +127,36 @@ class RunStore(context: Context, private val settings: Settings) {
      * no credential — fails later, somewhere else, with an error that points at the wrong thing.
      * Blocking; callers run it off the main thread.
      */
+
+    /**
+     * Renders what the server says about itself, for display.
+     *
+     * Only what a person measuring against it would want to check: which addresses the tests will
+     * actually use, on which ports, and what the server admits it can do. Addresses first, because
+     * "which address did this result come from" is the question a report leaves open.
+     */
+    private fun describeFacts(p: app.echo_lot.protocol.Profile): String {
+        val lines = ArrayList<String>()
+        // "label|value" per line, laid out as real columns by the UI rather than padded with
+        // spaces here. Space padding only lines up in a monospaced font, which makes the layout
+        // depend on a typeface choice made somewhere else entirely.
+        fun row(label: String, value: String) = lines.add("$label|$value")
+
+        row("server", "${p.name} · ${p.serverVersion}")
+        for (t in p.targets) {
+            t.ip4?.let { row("IPv4", it) }
+            t.ip6?.let { row("IPv6", it) }
+            // Marked rather than listed apart: it is the same server, and what matters is being
+            // able to tell which address a NAT-behaviour result came from.
+            t.ip4Alt?.let { row("IPv4 alt", it) }
+            t.ip6Alt?.let { row("IPv6 alt", it) }
+            row("ports", "udp ${t.udpPort} · tcp ${t.tcpPort} · stun ${t.stunPort}")
+        }
+        if (p.canaryZone.isNotBlank()) row("dns zone", p.canaryZone)
+        if (p.capabilities.isNotEmpty()) row("measures", p.capabilities.joinToString(", "))
+        return lines.joinToString(System.lineSeparator())
+    }
+
     fun enroll(link: String, deviceName: String?): String {
         val parsed = app.echo_lot.protocol.EnrollmentLink.parse(link)
             ?: return "That does not look like an Echolot enrollment link. It should start with " +
@@ -122,7 +164,11 @@ class RunStore(context: Context, private val settings: Settings) {
         return try {
             val enrolled = parsed.redeem(deviceName, BuildConfig.APP_SEMVER)
             val compat = Compat.check(enrolled.profile, BuildConfig.APP_SEMVER)
+            settings.serverFacts = describeFacts(enrolled.profile)
+            rememberAddrs(enrolled.profile)
+            enrolled.profile.canaryZone.takeIf { it.isNotBlank() }?.let { settings.canaryZone = it }
             settings.serverUrl = enrolled.controlUrl
+            settings.serverPublicUrl = enrolled.publicUrl
             settings.serverPin = enrolled.pin
             settings.serverCredential = enrolled.credential
             val head = "Enrolled with ${enrolled.profile.name} " +
@@ -150,6 +196,9 @@ class RunStore(context: Context, private val settings: Settings) {
         return try {
             val client = client()
             val profile = client.profile(settings.serverCredential)
+            profile.canaryZone.takeIf { it.isNotBlank() }?.let { settings.canaryZone = it }
+            settings.serverFacts = describeFacts(profile)
+            rememberAddrs(profile)
 
             // Compatibility before policy: an incompatible server may well advertise an upload
             // policy it would never actually apply to us.

echolot-app/app/src/main/kotlin/app/echo_lot/app/RunViewModel.kt

@@ -42,6 +42,17 @@ data class UiState(
     val archiveStatus: String? = null,
     /** History, newest first. Refreshed after every run and whenever the history screen opens. */
     val history: List<app.echo_lot.archive.ArchivedRun> = emptyList(),
+    /**
+     * Result of the last enrollment attempt, shown beside the Enroll button.
+     *
+     * Separate from [archiveStatus]: they are two different actions with two different results,
+     * and sharing one line put the answer to "did enrolling work" at the far end of the card,
+     * below three text fields — or nowhere at all on a fresh install, since that line only
+     * renders once a run exists.
+     */
+    val enrollStatus: String? = null,
+    /** An enrollment link waiting on confirmation, because this device is already enrolled. */
+    val pendingEnroll: PendingEnroll? = null,
     /** Shell-tier readiness, shown before a run; null message = say nothing (Shizuku not installed). */
     val shizukuNotice: String? = null,
     val shizukuReady: Boolean = false,
@@ -49,6 +60,18 @@ data class UiState(
     val shizukuState: ShizukuAvailability.State = ShizukuAvailability.State.NOT_INSTALLED,
 )
 
+/**
+ * An enrollment link that would replace an existing one, held until the user says so.
+ *
+ * Enrolling is not additive: the new credential replaces the old, and on the previous server this
+ * device simply stops reporting. Following a link is one tap from a web page, which is not enough
+ * deliberation to discard a working enrollment by accident.
+ */
+data class PendingEnroll(val link: String, val currentServer: String, val newServer: String) {
+    /** Re-enrolling with the server already configured, rather than moving to a different one. */
+    val sameServer: Boolean get() = currentServer.trimEnd('/') == newServer.trimEnd('/')
+}
+
 /**
  * Drives one measurement run: device-tier probes (link snapshot, per-network ICMP) always run;
  * results assemble into a MeasurementDocument with a §7.3 summary. Lives in a ViewModel so a run
@@ -80,6 +103,23 @@ class RunViewModel(app: Application) : AndroidViewModel(app) {
         }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Re-reads the shell tier's state, for when it changed somewhere this process cannot see.
+     *
+     * Permission can be granted inside Shizuku's own app, and Shizuku can be started or stopped
+     * there too; none of that calls back here. Asking again on resume is the only way to be right
+     * after the user has been somewhere else to fix it.
+     */
+    fun refreshShizuku() {
+        val st = ShizukuAvailability.current(getApplication())
+        state = state.copy(
+            shizukuNotice = ShizukuAvailability.describe(st),
+            shizukuReady = st == ShizukuAvailability.State.READY,
+            shizukuHint = ShizukuAvailability.actionHint(st),
+            shizukuState = st,
+        )
+    }
+
     override fun onCleared() {
         stopShizukuObserver()
         super.onCleared()
@@ -90,6 +130,7 @@ class RunViewModel(app: Application) : AndroidViewModel(app) {
     private var runStartWall: String = ""
     private var runNetworks: List<app.echo_lot.measurement.Network> = emptyList()
     private var runShizukuOk = false
+    private var runConstraints = Constraints()
 
     /** Two-clock ids: UUIDs + monotonic ns relative to a per-run origin. */
     private class RunIds : ProbeIds {
@@ -108,6 +149,7 @@ class RunViewModel(app: Application) : AndroidViewModel(app) {
     fun run(devUpload: Boolean = false) {
         if (state.running) return
         collected.clear()
+        runConstraints = Constraints()
         state = state.copy(running = true, currentStep = "starting", document = null,
             uploadStatus = null, archiveStatus = null)
         runJob = viewModelScope.launch {
@@ -125,7 +167,13 @@ class RunViewModel(app: Application) : AndroidViewModel(app) {
             if (devUpload) {
                 state = state.copy(currentStep = "uploading report")
                 val r = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) { ReportUploader.upload(doc) }
-                status = if (r.ok) "uploaded ✓ ${r.detail}" else "upload failed: ${r.detail}"
+                status = when {
+                    r.ok -> "uploaded ✓ ${r.detail}"
+                    // Not a failure worth alarming about: the dev collection endpoint is simply
+                    // not configured, and the run is on the device either way.
+                    r.detail.startsWith("no upload URL") -> "run complete — read it with adb"
+                    else -> "upload failed: ${r.detail}"
+                }
             }
             if (archived != null && settings.autoUpload) {
                 state = state.copy(currentStep = "uploading to server")
@@ -194,17 +242,109 @@ class RunViewModel(app: Application) : AndroidViewModel(app) {
         store.read(id)?.let { store.redactedForUpload(it) }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Preview of the most recent run, read from the archive rather than from [UiState.history].
+     *
+     * The history list is only populated once the History screen has been opened, so a preview
+     * driven from it did nothing at all on a freshly-opened Settings screen — a button that
+     * silently does nothing is worse than one that says why.
+     */
+    suspend fun previewNewestRun(): String = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
+        val newest = store.list().firstOrNull()
+            ?: return@withContext "No archived runs yet. Run a measurement first, then this will " +
+                "show exactly what an upload would send."
+        store.read(newest.id)?.let { store.redactedForUpload(it) }
+            ?: "That run could not be read back from the archive."
+    }
+
     fun archivedBytes(): Long = store.totalBytes()
 
     /** Counted from the archive itself, not from [UiState.history], which is empty until the
      *  history screen has been opened - the two disagreeing read as data loss. */
     fun archivedRunCount(): Int = store.list().size
 
+    private val account = Account(settings)
+
+    /** Name of whoever is signed in on this device, for the settings screen. */
+    var accountName by mutableStateOf(settings.accountName)
+        private set
+
+    /** Starts sign-in; the caller opens the returned URL in a browser. */
+    fun beginSignIn(open: (String) -> Unit) {
+        viewModelScope.launch {
+            state = state.copy(archiveStatus = "contacting the server …")
+            when (val r = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) { account.begin() }) {
+                is Account.SignInStart.Browser -> {
+                    state = state.copy(archiveStatus = "continue in your browser …")
+                    open(r.url)
+                }
+                is Account.SignInStart.Unavailable ->
+                    state = state.copy(archiveStatus = r.reason)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Completes sign-in from the echolot://auth redirect. */
+    fun completeSignIn(callbackUri: String) {
+        viewModelScope.launch {
+            val msg = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) { account.complete(callbackUri) }
+            accountName = settings.accountName
+            state = state.copy(archiveStatus = msg)
+        }
+    }
+
+    fun signOut() {
+        viewModelScope.launch {
+            val msg = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) { account.signOut() }
+            accountName = settings.accountName
+            state = state.copy(archiveStatus = msg)
+        }
+    }
+
     /** Redeems an enrollment link, from a paste or from an echolot:// deep link. */
     fun enroll(link: String, deviceName: String? = android.os.Build.MODEL) {
+        // Already enrolled? Ask first. The old credential is gone the moment this succeeds, and a
+        // link followed from a web page is one tap — far too little deliberation for that.
+        if (settings.serverConfigured) {
+            val target = app.echo_lot.protocol.EnrollmentLink.parse(link)?.controlUrl ?: link
+            state = state.copy(
+                pendingEnroll = PendingEnroll(
+                    link = link,
+                    // Compared against the link's URL, which names the server publicly — so this
+                    // has to be the public name too. Using the endpoint made re-enrolling with the
+                    // same server look like a move to a different one, because the endpoint and
+                    // the public name are deliberately different strings.
+                    currentServer = settings.serverPublicUrl,
+                    newServer = target,
+                )
+            )
+            return
+        }
+        doEnroll(link, deviceName)
+    }
+
+    /** The user confirmed replacing an existing enrollment. */
+    fun confirmEnroll(deviceName: String? = android.os.Build.MODEL) {
+        val pending = state.pendingEnroll ?: return
+        state = state.copy(pendingEnroll = null)
+        doEnroll(pending.link, deviceName)
+    }
+
+    fun cancelEnroll() {
+        state = state.copy(
+            pendingEnroll = null,
+            enrollStatus = "Kept the existing enrollment; nothing changed.",
+        )
+    }
+
+    private fun doEnroll(link: String, deviceName: String?) {
         viewModelScope.launch {
-            state = state.copy(archiveStatus = "enrolling …")
+            state = state.copy(enrollStatus = "Enrolling …")
-            state = state.copy(archiveStatus = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) { store.enroll(link, deviceName) })
+            val result = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) { store.enroll(link, deviceName) }
+            // A new server means a new canary zone; the old one would describe somebody else's
+            // deployment. Cleared rather than kept, and relearned from the next profile fetch.
+            settings.canaryZone = ""
+            state = state.copy(enrollStatus = result)
         }
     }
 
@@ -253,16 +393,35 @@ class RunViewModel(app: Application) : AndroidViewModel(app) {
         val entries = NetworkInventory.snapshot(ctx)
         val networks = entries.map { it.model }.also { runNetworks = it }
 
+        // What will this run be prevented from measuring? Decided up front, from one throwaway
+        // bind per network, so the document can say so instead of leaving it to be inferred from
+        // per-test `attempted: false` breadcrumbs (measurement-schema.md §3 `constraints`).
+        runConstraints = app.echo_lot.probe.ConstraintDetector.detect(entries)
+
         val probes: List<Probe> = listOf(
             LinkSnapshotProbe(entries),
             RouterIdentityProbe(entries),
             IcmpProbe(entries, v6 = false),
             IcmpProbe(entries, v6 = true),
+            // Folded from the prober after hardware validation: errqueue traceroute (no root,
+            // no JNI) and the mDNS service inventory / VLAN-leakage detector.
+            app.echo_lot.probe.TracerouteProbe(),
+            app.echo_lot.probe.MdnsInventoryProbe(),
             CaptivePortalProbe(entries),
             // Canary zone served by the Echolot probe server (probe-protocol §6.1). Hardcoded to
             // the reference deployment until profiles/enrollment land in the UI.
-            DnsCanaryProbe(canaryZone = "c.echo-lot.app", sessionPrefix = "adhoc"),
+            // Both target whatever server this device is enrolled with, not the deployment the
-            StunProbe(serverHost = "fmr-1.echo-lot.app"),
+            // app happened to be developed against. With no server configured they get blank
+            // strings and report themselves skipped, which is the honest outcome — the
+            // alternative measures someone else's infrastructure and calls it your network.
+            // Before the canary: "can this device resolve at all" has to be answered before
+            // "are the answers being tampered with" means anything.
+            app.echo_lot.probe.DnsResolverProbe(entries),
+            DnsCanaryProbe(canaryZone = settings.canaryZone, sessionPrefix = "adhoc"),
+            StunProbe(serverHost = settings.serverHost()),
+            // Corroboration for icmp.ping6's silence: a real TCP connection over IPv6. Only its
+            // failure, on a network that advertises IPv6, justifies calling IPv6 broken.
+            app.echo_lot.probe.V6ConnectProbe(entries, serverHost = settings.serverHost()),
         )
 
         // Plan the run first: the Shizuku battery is counted alongside the app-tier probes so
@@ -325,31 +484,160 @@ class RunViewModel(app: Application) : AndroidViewModel(app) {
                     androidSdk = Build.VERSION.SDK_INT, androidRelease = Build.VERSION.RELEASE,
                 ),
                 tiers = Tiers(app = true, shizuku = runShizukuOk),
+                constraints = runConstraints,
             ),
             networks = runNetworks,
             tests = tests,
             findings = findings,
-            summary = Verdicts.derive(tests, findings),
+            summary = Verdicts.derive(tests, findings, runConstraints),
         )
     }
 
     /**
-     * Was IPv6 actually provisioned on any network? A global (non-link-local) v6 address or a
+     * Was IPv6 provisioned on the network a test actually ran over?
-     * v6 default route means the network claims to offer IPv6 — link-local only does not count.
+     *
+     * This deliberately asks about one network rather than about the device. Answering "does any
+     * network here have IPv6" produces a real false positive on a phone, and it is not hypothetical:
+     * an IPv4-only wifi with working cellular alongside it reports "IPv6 is configured, but ICMPv6
+     * gets no reply" — configured on cellular, pinged over wifi, and the two never met.
+     *
+     * A global (non-link-local) address or a v6 default route means the network claims to offer
+     * IPv6; link-local only does not count, since every interface has one.
      */
-    private fun ipv6Provisioned(networks: List<app.echo_lot.measurement.Network>): Boolean =
+    private fun ipv6Provisioned(
-        networks.any { n ->
+        networks: List<app.echo_lot.measurement.Network>,
+        networkRef: String?,
+    ): Boolean {
+        // No reference means the test was not per-network; fall back to the device-wide reading
+        // rather than silently reporting nothing.
+        val scope = networks.filter { networkRef == null || it.id == networkRef }
+        return scope.any { n ->
             n.link.addresses.any { a ->
                 a.addr.contains(':') &&
                     !a.addr.startsWith("fe80", ignoreCase = true) &&
                     !a.addr.startsWith("::1")
             } || n.link.routes.any { it.dst == "::/0" }
         }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Per-network ICMP outcomes, keyed by network id.
+     *
+     * Reads the structured evidence the probe records rather than its prose detail — a finding
+     * that depended on the wording of a human-readable string would break silently the first time
+     * that wording improved.
+     */
+    /** What one network's ICMP attempt did: whether it ran at all, and whether it was answered. */
+    private data class IcmpOutcome(val attempted: Boolean, val ok: Boolean)
+
+    /**
+     * Per-network ICMP outcomes, keyed by network id.
+     *
+     * Reads the structured evidence the probe records rather than its prose detail — a finding
+     * that depended on the wording of a human-readable string would break silently the first time
+     * that wording improved.
+     */
+    private fun icmpResults(t: Test): Map<String, IcmpOutcome> {
+        val out = HashMap<String, IcmpOutcome>()
+        val ev = t.evidence ?: return out
+        for ((_, v) in ev) {
+            val o = v as? kotlinx.serialization.json.JsonObject ?: continue
+            val ref = (o["network_ref"] as? kotlinx.serialization.json.JsonPrimitive)?.content ?: continue
+            fun flag(k: String) = (o[k] as? kotlinx.serialization.json.JsonPrimitive)?.content == "true"
+            out[ref] = IcmpOutcome(attempted = flag("attempted"), ok = flag("ok"))
+        }
+        return out
+    }
+
+    /** Human-facing name for the network a test ran over; falls back to something readable. */
+    private fun ifaceOf(networks: List<app.echo_lot.measurement.Network>, ref: String?): String =
+        networks.firstOrNull { it.id == ref }?.iface?.takeIf { it.isNotBlank() } ?: "this network"
 
     /** Minimal first-pass findings from device-tier evidence; the registry grows with the suite. */
     private fun deriveFindings(tests: List<Test>, networks: List<app.echo_lot.measurement.Network>): List<Finding> {
         val out = ArrayList<Finding>()
         val ids = RunIds()
+        val linkEvidence = tests.filter { it.type == TestType.LINK_SNAPSHOT }.map { EvidenceRef(it.id) }
+
+        // Said as a finding, not only as run.constraints: the constraints block is for machines
+        // aggregating thousands of runs, this is for the person reading this one. Both must exist —
+        // a constrained run with a quiet findings list still reads as "nothing wrong here".
+        if (runConstraints.constrained) {
+            val blocked = runConstraints.unmeasuredNetworks
+                .joinToString(", ") { id -> ifaceOf(networks, id) }
+                .ifBlank { "the underlying networks" }
+            out.add(
+                Finding(
+                    id = ids.uuid(),
+                    code = FindingRegistry.MEASUREMENT_VPN_CONSTRAINED.code,
+                    category = FindingRegistry.MEASUREMENT_VPN_CONSTRAINED.category,
+                    severity = FindingRegistry.MEASUREMENT_VPN_CONSTRAINED.severity,
+                    confidence = Confidence.HIGH,
+                    title = "A VPN is active — $blocked could not be measured",
+                    description = "Android refuses to let apps send on the networks beneath an " +
+                        "active VPN (that is how it prevents traffic leaking around the tunnel), " +
+                        "so every per-network test here measured the tunnel or nothing. Nothing " +
+                        "in this run says anything about $blocked. To measure them, disconnect " +
+                        "the VPN and run again.",
+                    evidenceRefs = linkEvidence,
+                )
+            )
+        }
+        val shapes = V6Analysis.classify(networks)
+        // Named per interface: on a phone several networks are up at once, and "IPv6 is broken" is
+        // useless when wifi is the broken one and cellular is fine.
+        for (sh in shapes.filter { it.addressWithoutRoute }) {
+            val where = if (sh.iface.isBlank()) "This device" else sh.iface
+            out.add(
+                Finding(
+                    id = ids.uuid(),
+                    code = FindingRegistry.V6_NO_DEFAULT_ROUTE.code,
+                    category = FindingRegistry.V6_NO_DEFAULT_ROUTE.category,
+                    severity = if (sh.tunnel) Severity.INFO else Severity.MEDIUM,
+                    confidence = Confidence.HIGH,
+                    title = if (sh.tunnel) {
+                        "IPv6 reaches only the destinations a tunnel routes ($where)"
+                    } else {
+                        "IPv6 address with no default route ($where)"
+                    },
+                    description = "$where has a global IPv6 address but no IPv6 default route, so " +
+                        "IPv6 reaches only destinations covered by a specific route. " +
+                        if (sh.tunnel) {
+                            "A tunnel interface holds those routes, so this looks deliberate. " +
+                                "Worth knowing rather than fixing: applications holding a global " +
+                                "address will still try IPv6 first and stall for anything outside " +
+                                "the tunnel's routes."
+                        } else {
+                            "Nothing is routing the rest, so the network handed out an address it " +
+                                "does not carry traffic for — applications will try IPv6 first " +
+                                "and wait for it to fail."
+                        },
+                    evidenceRefs = linkEvidence,
+                )
+            )
+        }
+        for (sh in shapes.filter { it.routeWithoutAddress }) {
+            val where = if (sh.iface.isBlank()) "This network" else sh.iface
+            out.add(
+                Finding(
+                    id = ids.uuid(),
+                    code = FindingRegistry.V6_ROUTE_WITHOUT_ADDRESS.code,
+                    category = FindingRegistry.V6_ROUTE_WITHOUT_ADDRESS.category,
+                    severity = Severity.MEDIUM,
+                    confidence = Confidence.HIGH,
+                    title = "IPv6 router advertised, but no address was configured ($where)",
+                    description = "$where has an IPv6 default route but no global IPv6 address. " +
+                        "The router is advertising itself as an IPv6 gateway while SLAAC produced " +
+                        "no usable address — a missing prefix option, a prefix without the " +
+                        "autonomous flag, or DHCPv6-only addressing that did not complete. Hosts " +
+                        "believe IPv6 is available and pay a connection timeout on every " +
+                        "dual-stack destination before falling back to IPv4, which is felt as " +
+                        "general slowness with no packet loss to explain it.",
+                    evidenceRefs = linkEvidence,
+                )
+            )
+        }
+
         for (t in tests) {
             if (t.type == TestType.NET_CAPTIVE_PORTAL) {
                 val ev = t.evidence?.toString() ?: ""
@@ -417,31 +705,185 @@ class RunViewModel(app: Application) : AndroidViewModel(app) {
                     )
                 }
             }
-            if (t.type == TestType.ICMP_PING6 && t.status == TestStatus.FAILED) {
+            if (t.type == TestType.DNS_RESOLVER && t.status == TestStatus.OK) {
-                // A network with no IPv6 at all is NORMAL — most networks are still IPv4-only,
+                // One finding per network: on a phone the wifi resolver can be wedged while
-                // and that is not a defect. What IS a defect is IPv6 that the network claims to
+                // cellular is fine, and "DNS is broken" would be wrong about half the device.
-                // provide (a global address or a default route from RA/DHCPv6) but that does not
+                val ev = t.evidence
-                // work: that causes Happy-Eyeballs delays, timeouts and hangs. So the severity
+                if (ev != null) {
-                // depends on whether v6 was provisioned at all.
+                    for ((_, v) in ev) {
-                if (ipv6Provisioned(networks)) {
+                        val o = v as? kotlinx.serialization.json.JsonObject ?: continue
-                    out.add(
+                        fun str(k: String) =
-                        Finding(
+                            (o[k] as? kotlinx.serialization.json.JsonPrimitive)?.content
-                            id = ids.uuid(), code = FindingRegistry.V6_BROKEN.code,
+                        val verdict = str("verdict")
-                            category = FindingRegistry.V6_BROKEN.category,
+                        val ref0 = str("network_ref")
-                            severity = FindingRegistry.V6_BROKEN.severity, confidence = Confidence.HIGH,
+                        val iface0 = networks.firstOrNull { it.id == ref0 }?.iface
-                            title = "IPv6 is configured but not working",
+                            ?.takeIf { it.isNotBlank() } ?: "this network"
-                            description = "This network advertises IPv6 (a global address and/or a default route), but ICMPv6 got no reply on any network. Half-configured IPv6 is worse than none: connections try IPv6 first and stall before falling back.",
+                        if (verdict == "search domain swallows queries") {
-                            evidenceRefs = listOf(EvidenceRef(t.id)),
+                            // Severity follows the harm, not the shape: the same misconfiguration
+                            // is fatal on a resolver that tries the search form and invisible on
+                            // one that does not, and saying "high" for a network that currently
+                            // resolves fine would be crying wolf.
+                            val breaking = str("system_resolves") != "true"
+                            out.add(
+                                Finding(
+                                    id = ids.uuid(),
+                                    code = FindingRegistry.DNS_SEARCH_DOMAIN_UNANSWERED.code,
+                                    category = FindingRegistry.DNS_SEARCH_DOMAIN_UNANSWERED.category,
+                                    severity = if (breaking) Severity.HIGH else Severity.MEDIUM,
+                                    confidence = Confidence.HIGH,
+                                    title = "The network's search domain swallows DNS queries ($iface0)",
+                                    description = "This network hands out " +
+                                        "${str("search_domains") ?: "a search domain"} as a DNS " +
+                                        "search domain, but its server never answers queries under " +
+                                        "it — not even to say the name does not exist. Resolvers " +
+                                        "append that domain to lookups, so they wait for a reply " +
+                                        "that never comes. " +
+                                        (if (breaking) {
+                                            "That is why names are not resolving on this device."
+                                        } else {
+                                            "Name resolution still works here, because this " +
+                                                "resolver tries the plain name first — another " +
+                                                "device on the same network may fail outright."
+                                        }) +
+                                        " Fix it on the router: either stop advertising the search " +
+                                        "domain, or make the server answer for it, including " +
+                                        "NXDOMAIN for names it does not have. Note that .local is " +
+                                        "reserved for mDNS (RFC 6762) and is widely dropped by " +
+                                        "design; home.arpa (RFC 8375) is the name reserved for this.",
+                                    evidenceRefs = listOf(EvidenceRef(t.id)),
+                                )
+                            )
+                            continue
+                        }
+                        if (verdict != "server answers, device resolver does not") continue
+                        val ref = str("network_ref")
+                        val where = networks.firstOrNull { it.id == ref }?.iface
+                            ?.takeIf { it.isNotBlank() } ?: "this network"
+                        out.add(
+                            Finding(
+                                id = ids.uuid(),
+                                code = FindingRegistry.DNS_SYSTEM_RESOLVER_BROKEN.code,
+                                category = FindingRegistry.DNS_SYSTEM_RESOLVER_BROKEN.category,
+                                severity = FindingRegistry.DNS_SYSTEM_RESOLVER_BROKEN.severity,
+                                confidence = Confidence.HIGH,
+                                title = "This device cannot resolve names, but the DNS server is fine ($where)",
+                                description = "A DNS query sent straight from this device was " +
+                                    "answered by ${str("servers") ?: "the configured server"} with " +
+                                    "a valid result, yet asking Android to resolve the same name " +
+                                    "fails. Whatever is wrong sits between this device's resolver " +
+                                    "and a server that demonstrably works. " +
+                                    "Turning wifi off and on, or rejoining the network, clears the " +
+                                    "common case. If it survives a restart it is not a stuck " +
+                                    "resolver: look for something on this device that filters DNS " +
+                                    "— an ad blocker, a private-DNS or VPN app — or a per-device " +
+                                    "rule on the router aimed at this client.",
+                                evidenceRefs = listOf(EvidenceRef(t.id)),
+                            )
                         )
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if (t.type == TestType.ICMP_PING6) {
+                // A network with no IPv6 at all is NORMAL — most networks are still IPv4-only, and
+                // that is not a defect. What IS a defect is IPv6 the network claims to provide (a
+                // global address or a default route from RA/DHCPv6) that does not work: that causes
+                // Happy-Eyeballs delays, timeouts and hangs.
+                //
+                // Judged per network, from the per-network evidence rather than the aggregate
+                // status. The aggregate can only say "some network answered", and on a phone with
+                // wifi and cellular up at once that is how "IPv6 is configured but gets no reply"
+                // ends up describing a network where IPv6 was never configured in the first place.
+                val results = icmpResults(t)
+                // The corroborating witness: did a real TCP connection over IPv6 work on this
+                // network? Same evidence shape as the ICMP probe, so the same parser reads it.
+                val v6ConnTest = tests.firstOrNull { it.type == TestType.V6_BROKENNESS }
+                val v6Conn = v6ConnTest?.let { icmpResults(it) } ?: emptyMap()
+                var anyV6Network = false
+                for (n in networks) {
+                    val provisioned = ipv6Provisioned(networks, n.id)
+                    if (provisioned) anyV6Network = true
+                    val r = results[n.id] ?: continue
+                    // Silence is only evidence if something was actually sent. A bind that failed
+                    // with EPERM says the app could not use the interface, which is a fact about
+                    // this app's permissions and says nothing whatsoever about the network.
+                    if (!provisioned || !r.attempted || r.ok) continue
+                    val where = n.iface?.takeIf { it.isNotBlank() } ?: "this network"
+                    val conn = v6Conn[n.id]
+                    val evidence = listOfNotNull(
+                        EvidenceRef(t.id), v6ConnTest?.let { EvidenceRef(it.id) },
                     )
-                } else {
+                    when {
+                        // TCP over IPv6 worked: the silence is filtering, and can be said so.
+                        conn?.ok == true -> out.add(
+                            Finding(
+                                id = ids.uuid(), code = FindingRegistry.V6_NO_ICMP_REPLY.code,
+                                category = FindingRegistry.V6_NO_ICMP_REPLY.category,
+                                severity = FindingRegistry.V6_NO_ICMP_REPLY.severity,
+                                confidence = Confidence.HIGH,
+                                title = "ICMPv6 is filtered here — IPv6 itself works ($where)",
+                                description = "$where answered a real TCP connection over IPv6, " +
+                                    "so IPv6 works — but ICMPv6 echo got no reply, so something " +
+                                    "on this network filters ICMPv6. That is a fault in its own " +
+                                    "right even though connections succeed: Path MTU Discovery " +
+                                    "depends on ICMPv6, so large packets can vanish rather than " +
+                                    "being reported as too big.",
+                                evidenceRefs = evidence,
+                            )
+                        )
+                        // Both transports failed on a network that advertises IPv6: broken, and
+                        // now with the evidence the original v6.broken never had.
+                        conn != null && conn.attempted -> out.add(
+                            Finding(
+                                id = ids.uuid(), code = FindingRegistry.V6_BROKEN.code,
+                                category = FindingRegistry.V6_BROKEN.category,
+                                severity = FindingRegistry.V6_BROKEN.severity,
+                                confidence = Confidence.HIGH,
+                                title = "IPv6 is advertised but does not work ($where)",
+                                description = "$where advertises IPv6 (a global address and/or a " +
+                                    "default route), but neither ICMPv6 echo nor a TCP connection " +
+                                    "over IPv6 got through — two independent transports, both " +
+                                    "silent. Applications will try IPv6 first and wait out a " +
+                                    "timeout on every dual-stack destination before falling back " +
+                                    "to IPv4, felt as everything being slow with no loss to " +
+                                    "explain it. The network is announcing a service it does not " +
+                                    "deliver; the fix belongs on the router or upstream.",
+                                evidenceRefs = evidence,
+                            )
+                        )
+                        // No corroboration available (no server configured, or the connect never
+                        // got as far as sending): the honest two-explanation reading stands.
+                        else -> out.add(
+                            Finding(
+                                id = ids.uuid(), code = FindingRegistry.V6_NO_ICMP_REPLY.code,
+                                category = FindingRegistry.V6_NO_ICMP_REPLY.category,
+                                severity = FindingRegistry.V6_NO_ICMP_REPLY.severity,
+                                confidence = Confidence.MEDIUM,
+                                title = "IPv6 is configured, but ICMPv6 gets no reply ($where)",
+                                description = "$where advertises IPv6 (a global address and/or a " +
+                                    "default route), but ICMPv6 echo got no reply over it. That has " +
+                                    "two explanations which look identical from here: IPv6 is broken, " +
+                                    "or ICMPv6 is filtered while IPv6 itself works. Filtering is " +
+                                    "common and is a fault in its own right — it breaks Path MTU " +
+                                    "Discovery, so large packets vanish rather than being reported as " +
+                                    "too big.",
+                                evidenceRefs = listOf(EvidenceRef(t.id)),
+                            )
+                        )
+                    }
+                }
+                if (!anyV6Network) {
+                    // Said once for the device, not once per interface: "this network is IPv4-only"
+                    // repeated per interface reads as several problems instead of one observation.
                     out.add(
                         Finding(
                             id = ids.uuid(), code = FindingRegistry.V6_NOT_OFFERED.code,
                             category = FindingRegistry.V6_NOT_OFFERED.category,
-                            severity = FindingRegistry.V6_NOT_OFFERED.severity, confidence = Confidence.HIGH,
+                            severity = FindingRegistry.V6_NOT_OFFERED.severity,
+                            confidence = Confidence.HIGH,
                             title = "IPv4-only network (no IPv6 offered)",
-                            description = "No IPv6 address or default route was provisioned, so IPv6 tests could not run. This is normal — many networks are still IPv4-only and it is not a fault.",
+                            description = "No IPv6 address or default route was provisioned on " +
+                                "any active network, so IPv6 tests could not run. This is normal " +
+                                "— many networks are still IPv4-only and it is not a fault.",
                             evidenceRefs = listOf(EvidenceRef(t.id)),
                         )
                     )

echolot-app/app/src/main/kotlin/app/echo_lot/app/Settings.kt

@@ -97,6 +97,41 @@ class Settings(context: Context) {
         get() = prefs.getString(SERVER_PIN, "") ?: ""
         set(v) = prefs.edit().putString(SERVER_PIN, v.trim()).apply()
 
+    /**
+     * The address the operator handed out, for showing to a person.
+     *
+     * Separate from [serverUrl], which is the endpoint actually dialled. They differ when the
+     * server publishes one public name and points devices at another to select its pinned
+     * certificate — a detail worth keeping out of the user's face but not out of the settings.
+     */
+    var serverPublicUrl: String
+        get() = (prefs.getString(SERVER_PUBLIC_URL, "") ?: "").ifBlank { serverUrl }
+        set(v) = prefs.edit().putString(SERVER_PUBLIC_URL, v.trim()).apply()
+
+    /**
+     * What the server said about itself, last time it was asked: addresses, ports, capabilities.
+     *
+     * Cached as a rendered block rather than as fields, because it is shown and never acted on —
+     * these are facts to read, not settings to apply, and storing them as settings would invite
+     * exactly the confusion of an editable box that changes nothing.
+     */
+    var serverFacts: String
+        get() = prefs.getString(SERVER_FACTS, "") ?: ""
+        set(v) = prefs.edit().putString(SERVER_FACTS, v).apply()
+
+    /**
+     * The server's own addresses, learned from its profile, for reaching it when DNS will not.
+     *
+     * Only the primaries: the alternate pair exists for NAT behaviour discovery and does not carry
+     * the control plane, so falling back to one would fail for a second, unrelated reason.
+     */
+    var serverAddrs: String
+        get() = prefs.getString(SERVER_ADDRS, "") ?: ""
+        set(v) = prefs.edit().putString(SERVER_ADDRS, v).apply()
+
+    fun serverAddrList(): List<String> =
+        serverAddrs.split(',').map { it.trim() }.filter { it.isNotEmpty() }
+
     var serverCredential: String
         get() = prefs.getString(SERVER_CRED, "") ?: ""
         set(v) = prefs.edit().putString(SERVER_CRED, v.trim()).apply()
@@ -104,6 +139,58 @@ class Settings(context: Context) {
     val serverConfigured: Boolean
         get() = serverUrl.isNotBlank() && serverPin.isNotBlank() && serverCredential.isNotBlank()
 
+    /**
+     * The DNS zone this server is authoritative for, learned from its profile.
+     *
+     * Cached because the canary probe runs at device tier, before anything has talked to the
+     * server, and a probe that had to make a control-plane call first would fail on exactly the
+     * networks worth measuring. Empty means "not known yet", and the probe reports itself as
+     * skipped rather than inventing a zone.
+     */
+    var canaryZone: String
+        get() = prefs.getString(CANARY_ZONE, "") ?: ""
+        set(v) = prefs.edit().putString(CANARY_ZONE, v.trim()).apply()
+
+    /**
+     * Host part of the configured server URL, for probes that address it directly (STUN).
+     *
+     * Derived rather than stored: a second copy of the server's name is a second thing to keep in
+     * step, and it would go stale the moment someone re-enrolled against a different server.
+     */
+    fun serverHost(): String = runCatching {
+        java.net.URI(serverUrl).host?.takeIf { it.isNotBlank() }
+    }.getOrNull() ?: ""
+
+    // ---- account ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    /**
+     * The PKCE verifier and state for a sign-in that is out at the browser.
+     *
+     * Persisted rather than held in memory because handing control to a browser backgrounds this
+     * process, and Android may kill it before the callback returns. An in-memory value works on a
+     * developer's device and fails on a phone under memory pressure.
+     */
+    var pendingVerifier: String
+        get() = prefs.getString(PENDING_VERIFIER, "") ?: ""
+        set(v) = prefs.edit().putString(PENDING_VERIFIER, v).apply()
+
+    var pendingState: String
+        get() = prefs.getString(PENDING_STATE, "") ?: ""
+        set(v) = prefs.edit().putString(PENDING_STATE, v).apply()
+
+    fun clearPendingAuth() = prefs.edit().remove(PENDING_VERIFIER).remove(PENDING_STATE).apply()
+
+    /** Display name of whoever is signed in on this device; empty when nobody is. */
+    var accountName: String
+        get() = prefs.getString(ACCOUNT_NAME, "") ?: ""
+        set(v) = prefs.edit().putString(ACCOUNT_NAME, v).apply()
+
+    var accountId: String
+        get() = prefs.getString(ACCOUNT_ID, "") ?: ""
+        set(v) = prefs.edit().putString(ACCOUNT_ID, v).apply()
+
+    val signedIn: Boolean get() = accountName.isNotBlank()
+
     private fun hex(s: String) = ByteArray(s.length / 2) {
         ((Character.digit(s[it * 2], 16) shl 4) or Character.digit(s[it * 2 + 1], 16)).toByte()
     }
@@ -120,5 +207,13 @@ class Settings(context: Context) {
         const val SERVER_URL = "server_url"
         const val SERVER_PIN = "server_pin"
         const val SERVER_CRED = "server_credential"
+        const val SERVER_PUBLIC_URL = "server_public_url"
+        const val SERVER_FACTS = "server_facts"
+        const val SERVER_ADDRS = "server_addrs"
+        const val CANARY_ZONE = "server_canary_zone"
+        const val PENDING_VERIFIER = "pending_auth_verifier"
+        const val PENDING_STATE = "pending_auth_state"
+        const val ACCOUNT_NAME = "account_name"
+        const val ACCOUNT_ID = "account_id"
     }
 }

echolot-app/app/src/main/kotlin/app/echo_lot/app/SettingsScreen.kt

@@ -10,14 +10,18 @@ import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.Row
 import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.Spacer
 import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.fillMaxWidth
 import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.height
+import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.width
 import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.padding
+import androidx.compose.foundation.shape.RoundedCornerShape
 import androidx.compose.foundation.rememberScrollState
 import androidx.compose.foundation.verticalScroll
 import androidx.compose.material3.Button
 import androidx.compose.material3.Card
 import androidx.compose.material3.FilterChip
+import androidx.compose.material3.LocalContentColor
 import androidx.compose.material3.MaterialTheme
 import androidx.compose.material3.OutlinedTextField
+import androidx.compose.material3.Surface
 import androidx.compose.material3.Switch
 import androidx.compose.material3.Text
 import androidx.compose.material3.TextButton
@@ -30,6 +34,7 @@ import androidx.compose.ui.Alignment
 import androidx.compose.ui.Modifier
 import androidx.compose.ui.text.font.FontFamily
 import androidx.compose.ui.unit.dp
+import androidx.compose.ui.unit.sp
 import app.echo_lot.privacy.PrivacyLevel
 
 /**
@@ -48,8 +53,12 @@ fun SettingsScreen(
     onDeleteAll: () -> Unit,
     onPreviewUpload: () -> Unit,
     onCheckServer: () -> Unit,
+    accountName: String,
+    onSignIn: () -> Unit,
+    onSignOut: () -> Unit,
     onEnroll: (String) -> Unit,
     serverStatus: String?,
+    enrollStatus: String?,
     onBack: () -> Unit,
 ) {
     // SharedPreferences is not observable, so mirror each value into Compose state and write
@@ -62,9 +71,22 @@ fun SettingsScreen(
     var privacy by remember { mutableStateOf(settings.privacyLevel) }
     var stableSalt by remember { mutableStateOf(settings.stableSalt) }
     var enrollLink by remember { mutableStateOf("") }
-    var serverUrl by remember { mutableStateOf(settings.serverUrl) }
+    // The public name, which is what the operator handed out and what a person recognises. The
+    // endpoint actually dialled is shown beneath it when the two differ, rather than hidden — a
+    // network engineer debugging a connection wants to see where it really goes.
+    var serverUrl by remember { mutableStateOf(settings.serverPublicUrl) }
     var serverPin by remember { mutableStateOf(settings.serverPin) }
     var serverCred by remember { mutableStateOf(settings.serverCredential) }
+    // Enrolling is asynchronous, so these are re-read when its result lands rather than when the
+    // button is pressed — reading them immediately showed the previous server's values and looked
+    // exactly like an enrollment that had silently done nothing.
+    var serverFacts by remember { mutableStateOf(settings.serverFacts) }
+    androidx.compose.runtime.LaunchedEffect(enrollStatus, serverStatus) {
+        serverFacts = settings.serverFacts
+        serverUrl = settings.serverPublicUrl
+        serverPin = settings.serverPin
+        serverCred = settings.serverCredential
+    }
 
     Column(
         Modifier.fillMaxWidth().safeDrawingPadding().verticalScroll(rememberScrollState()).padding(16.dp),
@@ -130,18 +152,59 @@ fun SettingsScreen(
                 }
                 Text(privacyExplanation(privacy), style = MaterialTheme.typography.bodySmall)
 
+                // At FULL nothing is pseudonymized, so a salt has nothing to act on. Shown
+                // disabled rather than hidden: the setting is still stored and still applies the
+                // moment the level changes, and a control that vanishes hides that fact.
                 Toggle(
                     label = "Stable pseudonyms across runs",
-                    detail = "Lets you compare uploaded runs over time (same SSID reads the same " +
+                    detail = if (privacy == PrivacyLevel.FULL) {
-                        "each time). It also links your uploads together, so leave it off on a " +
+                        "Not used at this level — nothing is pseudonymized, so there is nothing " +
-                        "server you don't run yourself.",
+                            "to keep stable. Choose balanced or strict to use this."
-                    checked = stableSalt,
+                    } else {
+                        "Lets you compare uploaded runs over time (same SSID reads the same " +
+                            "each time). It also links your uploads together, so leave it off on " +
+                            "a server you don't run yourself."
+                    },
+                    checked = stableSalt && privacy != PrivacyLevel.FULL,
+                    enabled = privacy != PrivacyLevel.FULL,
                 ) { stableSalt = it; settings.stableSalt = it }
 
                 TextButton(onClick = onPreviewUpload) { Text("Preview what an upload would send") }
             }
         }
 
+        // ---- account ----
+        Card(Modifier.fillMaxWidth()) {
+            Column(Modifier.padding(14.dp), verticalArrangement = Arrangement.spacedBy(8.dp)) {
+                Text("Account", style = MaterialTheme.typography.titleMedium)
+                if (accountName.isNotBlank()) {
+                    Text("Signed in as $accountName", style = MaterialTheme.typography.bodyMedium)
+                    Text(
+                        "Runs from every device signed in to this account share one history.",
+                        style = MaterialTheme.typography.bodySmall,
+                    )
+                    TextButton(onClick = onSignOut) { Text("Sign out") }
+                } else {
+                    Text(
+                        "Signing in is optional. It links this device to an account on your " +
+                            "server, so several devices share one history — and some servers only " +
+                            "accept uploads from a signed-in device.",
+                        style = MaterialTheme.typography.bodySmall,
+                    )
+                    Button(onClick = onSignIn, enabled = settings.serverConfigured) {
+                        Text("Sign in")
+                    }
+                    if (!settings.serverConfigured) {
+                        Text(
+                            "Enrol with a server first — the account belongs to the server, not " +
+                                "to the app.",
+                            style = MaterialTheme.typography.bodySmall,
+                        )
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         // ---- upload ----
         Card(Modifier.fillMaxWidth()) {
             Column(Modifier.padding(14.dp), verticalArrangement = Arrangement.spacedBy(8.dp)) {
@@ -173,17 +236,38 @@ fun SettingsScreen(
                     onClick = {
                         onEnroll(enrollLink)
                         enrollLink = "" // spent either way; leaving it around invites a retry
-                        serverUrl = settings.serverUrl
-                        serverPin = settings.serverPin
-                        serverCred = settings.serverCredential
                     },
                     enabled = enrollLink.isNotBlank(),
                 ) { Text("Enroll") }
+                // Beside the button that caused it. Enrolling is asynchronous, so without this the
+                // only sign of success is three fields quietly changing further down the card.
+                enrollStatus?.let {
+                    Text(it, style = MaterialTheme.typography.bodySmall)
+                }
 
                 OutlinedTextField(
-                    value = serverUrl, onValueChange = { serverUrl = it; settings.serverUrl = it },
+                    value = serverUrl,
+                    onValueChange = {
+                        serverUrl = it
+                        // Typed by hand there is no discovery to consult, so what was entered is
+                        // both the public name and the endpoint. Setting only one of them would
+                        // leave the app dialling the previous server.
+                        settings.serverUrl = it
+                        settings.serverPublicUrl = it
+                    },
                     label = { Text("Server URL") }, singleLine = true, modifier = Modifier.fillMaxWidth(),
                 )
+                // Directly under the field it explains. Anywhere else it reads as a stray sentence
+                // about some other part of the screen.
+                if (settings.serverUrl.isNotBlank() && settings.serverUrl != settings.serverPublicUrl) {
+                    Text(
+                        "Connects to ${settings.serverUrl} — this server publishes one name and " +
+                            "points devices at another, so its pinned certificate can share a port " +
+                            "with its web interface.",
+                        style = MaterialTheme.typography.bodySmall,
+                        color = LocalContentColor.current.copy(alpha = 0.7f),
+                    )
+                }
                 OutlinedTextField(
                     value = serverPin, onValueChange = { serverPin = it; settings.serverPin = it },
                     label = { Text("Certificate pin (SPKI, base64)") }, singleLine = true,
@@ -210,6 +294,52 @@ fun SettingsScreen(
                 serverStatus?.let {
                     Text(it, style = MaterialTheme.typography.bodySmall)
                 }
+                // What the server reported, placed under the button that asks it rather than among
+                // the fields above: these are facts to read, not settings to apply, and an
+                // editable-looking box that changes nothing is worse than no box at all.
+                //
+                // Monospaced so the addresses line up under each other — column alignment is most
+                // of what makes a list of IPs quicker to read than prose.
+                if (serverFacts.isNotBlank()) {
+                    Surface(
+                        color = MaterialTheme.colorScheme.surfaceVariant,
+                        shape = RoundedCornerShape(8.dp),
+                        modifier = Modifier.fillMaxWidth(),
+                    ) {
+                        Column(
+                            Modifier.padding(horizontal = 12.dp, vertical = 10.dp),
+                            verticalArrangement = Arrangement.spacedBy(2.dp),
+                        ) {
+                            Text(
+                                "WHAT THIS SERVER REPORTS",
+                                style = MaterialTheme.typography.labelSmall,
+                                color = LocalContentColor.current.copy(alpha = 0.7f),
+                            )
+                            // Real columns rather than padded text: the label column has a fixed
+                            // width, so values line up whatever the font does, and a long value
+                            // wraps inside its own column instead of under the labels.
+                            for (line in serverFacts.lines()) {
+                                val label = line.substringBefore('|')
+                                val value = line.substringAfter('|', "")
+                                Row(Modifier.fillMaxWidth()) {
+                                    Text(
+                                        label,
+                                        style = MaterialTheme.typography.bodySmall,
+                                        color = LocalContentColor.current.copy(alpha = 0.7f),
+                                        modifier = Modifier.width(72.dp),
+                                    )
+                                    Text(
+                                        value,
+                                        style = MaterialTheme.typography.bodySmall.copy(
+                                            fontFamily = FontFamily.Monospace,
+                                        ),
+                                        modifier = Modifier.weight(1f),
+                                    )
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
                 Text(
                     "This app is ${BuildConfig.APP_SEMVER} and speaks probe protocol " +
                         "${app.echo_lot.protocol.Compat.PROTOCOL_VERSION}. It works with servers " +
@@ -237,13 +367,22 @@ private fun privacyExplanation(level: PrivacyLevel): String = when (level) {
 }
 
 @Composable
-private fun Toggle(label: String, detail: String, checked: Boolean, onChange: (Boolean) -> Unit) {
+private fun Toggle(
+    label: String,
+    detail: String,
+    checked: Boolean,
+    enabled: Boolean = true,
+    onChange: (Boolean) -> Unit,
+) {
     Row(Modifier.fillMaxWidth(), verticalAlignment = Alignment.Top) {
         Column(Modifier.weight(1f)) {
-            Text(label, style = MaterialTheme.typography.bodyMedium)
+            // Dimmed together with the switch, so "this does nothing right now" reads at a glance
-            Text(detail, style = MaterialTheme.typography.bodySmall)
+            // instead of only on close inspection.
+            val alpha = if (enabled) 1f else 0.5f
+            Text(label, style = MaterialTheme.typography.bodyMedium, color = LocalContentColor.current.copy(alpha = alpha))
+            Text(detail, style = MaterialTheme.typography.bodySmall, color = LocalContentColor.current.copy(alpha = alpha))
         }
-        Switch(checked = checked, onCheckedChange = onChange)
+        Switch(checked = checked, onCheckedChange = onChange, enabled = enabled)
     }
 }
 

echolot-app/core-engine/src/test/kotlin/app/echo_lot/engine/LiveThroughputTest.kt

@@ -65,4 +65,41 @@ class LiveThroughputTest {
         assertTrue(m.contains(""""limited_by":"duration""""),
             "the run did not end on the clock, so the rate measures the server, not the path: $m")
     }
+
+    // Upstream is the direction only the far end can measure. The assertion that matters is that
+    // the server's count is present and plausible against what we sent — a test that only checked
+    // "we transmitted some Mbps" would pass against a server that counted nothing at all.
+    @Test
+    fun measuresUpstreamAgainstTheServersCount() {
+        if (url == null || pin == null || cred == null || udp == null) {
+            println("LiveThroughputTest(up) skipped"); return
+        }
+        val control = ControlClient(url, setOf(pin), "0.2.0")
+        val session = control.createSession(cred, target)
+        val (host, port) = udp.split(":").let { it[0] to it[1].toInt() }
+
+        val (test, findings) = ProbeSession(cred, session, host, port).use { ps ->
+            ps.echo()
+            ThroughputMeasurement(SystemIdSource()).runUpstream(
+                cred, session.sessionId, control, ps, sessionRef = "sess-1",
+                durationS = 3, kbps = 10_000,
+            )
+        }
+        control.deleteSession(cred, session.sessionId)
+
+        val m = assertNotNull(test.metrics).toString()
+        println("upstream: ${test.status} $m")
+        for (f in findings) println("finding ${f.code} [${f.severity}] ${f.title}")
+
+        assertEquals(TestStatus.OK, test.status, "the server counted nothing: $m")
+        val recv = Regex(""""received_packets":(\d+)""").find(m)?.groupValues?.get(1)?.toInt()
+        val sent = Regex(""""sent_packets":(\d+)""").find(m)?.groupValues?.get(1)?.toInt()
+        assertNotNull(recv); assertNotNull(sent)
+        assertTrue(sent > 100, "barely anything was sent, so the rate means nothing: $m")
+        assertTrue(recv > 0, "the server received none of $sent packets: $m")
+        // The counts should be close on a healthy path; wildly different means the two sides are
+        // counting different things rather than the network losing packets.
+        assertTrue(recv <= sent, "the server counted MORE than we sent — the counter is not being reset")
+        println("sent $sent, server saw $recv")
+    }
 }

echolot-app/core-measurement/src/main/kotlin/app/echo_lot/measurement/Document.kt

@@ -35,9 +35,37 @@ data class Run(
     val device: DeviceInfo,
     val tiers: Tiers,
     @SerialName("profiles_used") val profilesUsed: List<String> = emptyList(),
+    val constraints: Constraints = Constraints(),
     val notes: String? = null,
 )
 
+/**
+ * What limited this run — the counterpart to [Tiers], which records what was available.
+ *
+ * A constrained run is not a failed run, and it is not a normal one either. Without this, a run
+ * taken through a VPN looks exactly like a clean run of a healthy network: the same shape, the
+ * same green verdict, and no way for a reader — or a server aggregating thousands of these — to
+ * know that almost nothing was actually measured.
+ */
+@Serializable
+data class Constraints(
+    /** A VPN held the default route while this ran. */
+    @SerialName("vpn_active") val vpnActive: Boolean = false,
+    /**
+     * Per-network probing was refused by the OS.
+     *
+     * Android blocks `Network.bindSocket()` on the underlying networks whenever a VPN is up, to
+     * stop apps leaking around the tunnel. Every per-network test then measures nothing, so any
+     * conclusion drawn about the wifi or cellular link underneath is unfounded.
+     */
+    @SerialName("per_network_blocked") val perNetworkBlocked: Boolean = false,
+    /** Networks that could not be measured, by id. */
+    @SerialName("unmeasured_networks") val unmeasuredNetworks: List<String> = emptyList(),
+) {
+    /** True when this run's results mean something different from an unconstrained one. */
+    val constrained: Boolean get() = vpnActive || perNetworkBlocked
+}
+
 @Serializable
 enum class Trigger {
     @SerialName("manual") MANUAL,

echolot-app/core-measurement/src/main/kotlin/app/echo_lot/measurement/FindingRegistry.kt

@@ -169,10 +169,125 @@ object FindingRegistry {
     // they silently rolled up under connectivity: the third instance of a prefix disagreeing with
     // its category and quietly moving a fault to a different verdict light.
 
+    /**
+     * Renamed from `v6.broken`, which claimed more than the evidence supports.
+     *
+     * The only signal behind it is ICMPv6 echo getting no reply — and ICMPv6 echo is widely
+     * filtered on networks where IPv6 otherwise works perfectly. A phone that reported this while
+     * happily loading an IPv6-only site over TCP is what caught it. From here the two cases look
+     * identical, so the finding now says what was observed and names both explanations rather than
+     * picking one.
+     *
+     * It is worth reporting either way: filtered ICMPv6 breaks Path MTU Discovery, which is its
+     * own fault even when IPv6 works.
+     */
+    /**
+     * A global IPv6 address with no default route.
+     *
+     * This is the structural version of the same complaint, and it is worth far more than the
+     * ICMP one because it admits no other explanation: the device has an address it cannot route
+     * with. Nothing is filtered, nothing is inferred — the routing table says so directly, and it
+     * is already in the link snapshot.
+     *
+     * Not always a fault. A VPN that installs host routes to specific destinations produces
+     * exactly this shape on purpose, and it works. What makes it worth reporting either way is
+     * that applications cannot tell: having a global address, they will try IPv6 first and stall
+     * for every destination the routes do not cover.
+     */
+    /**
+     * An IPv6 default route with no global address to use it from — the mirror of
+     * [V6_NO_DEFAULT_ROUTE], and the more common misconfiguration of the two.
+     *
+     * The router is sending RAs that name it as a default gateway, but SLAAC produced no address:
+     * no prefix information option, or a prefix without the autonomous flag, or DHCPv6-only
+     * addressing the device did not complete. The network is announcing IPv6 service it does not
+     * actually deliver.
+     *
+     * This is worth flagging above the ICMP signal because it is both certain and consequential.
+     * Hosts see router advertisements, believe IPv6 is available, and pay a connection-attempt
+     * timeout on every dual-stack destination before falling back to IPv4 — the classic "the
+     * internet feels slow" complaint with no packet loss anywhere to explain it.
+     */
+    val V6_ROUTE_WITHOUT_ADDRESS = FindingSpec(
+        "v6.route_without_address", Category.IPV6, Severity.MEDIUM,
+        "The network advertises an IPv6 default route but the device has no global IPv6 address.",
+        rulesOut = "A working IPv6 setup: SLAAC did not produce a usable address on this link.",
+    )
+
+    /**
+     * A VPN prevented the underlying networks from being measured.
+     *
+     * Reported rather than worked around: Android refuses `Network.bindSocket()` on the networks
+     * beneath a VPN precisely so apps cannot leak around the tunnel, and that is correct
+     * behaviour. What is not acceptable is a run that quietly measures nothing and calls the
+     * result healthy, so this says plainly which networks went unmeasured and why.
+     */
+    /**
+     * The network's DNS server answers, but this device cannot resolve through it.
+     *
+     * Worth separating from every other DNS failure because the remedy is somewhere else entirely.
+     * A name that will not resolve looks identical to a user whatever the cause, and the two causes
+     * pull in opposite directions: a server that does not answer means the network is broken and
+     * the router is the thing to examine, while a server that answers a direct query on a device
+     * that still cannot resolve means the platform resolver has wedged — fixed by toggling wifi,
+     * and nothing to do with the network at all.
+     *
+     * Proven rather than inferred: the probe sends its own UDP query, bypassing the component under
+     * suspicion, and compares that against what the platform returns for the same name.
+     */
+    /**
+     * The network hands out a search domain its DNS server will not answer for.
+     *
+     * A resolver appends search domains to lookups, so every name a client asks about can stall on
+     * a domain the server ignores. The failure mode is silence rather than a negative answer, and
+     * silence is indistinguishable from packet loss: clients retry instead of moving on, and some
+     * give up on the lookup entirely. That makes it look like the device is broken when the
+     * network is.
+     *
+     * Whether it bites depends on the resolver — some try the bare name first and never notice —
+     * which is why two devices on the same network can disagree about whether DNS works.
+     */
+    val DNS_SEARCH_DOMAIN_UNANSWERED = FindingSpec(
+        "dns.search_domain_unanswered", Category.DNS, Severity.HIGH,
+        "The network advertises a DNS search domain that its own server does not answer for.",
+        rulesOut = "A fault on this device: the same server answers ordinary names normally.",
+    )
+
+    val DNS_SYSTEM_RESOLVER_BROKEN = FindingSpec(
+        "dns.system_resolver_broken", Category.DNS, Severity.HIGH,
+        "The network's DNS server answers, but this device cannot resolve names through it.",
+        rulesOut = "A network fault: the server replied to a query sent from this device.",
+    )
+
+    val MEASUREMENT_VPN_CONSTRAINED = FindingSpec(
+        "measurement.vpn_constrained", Category.CONNECTIVITY, Severity.INFO,
+        "A VPN was active, so the networks underneath it could not be measured.",
+        rulesOut = "Nothing — this run says little about the underlying network either way.",
+    )
+
+    val V6_NO_DEFAULT_ROUTE = FindingSpec(
+        "v6.no_default_route", Category.IPV6, Severity.MEDIUM,
+        "The device has a global IPv6 address but no IPv6 default route.",
+        rulesOut = "Guesswork: this is read from the routing table, not inferred from silence.",
+    )
+
+    val V6_NO_ICMP_REPLY = FindingSpec(
+        "v6.no_icmp_reply", Category.IPV6, Severity.LOW,
+        "IPv6 is configured but ICMPv6 echo gets no reply.",
+        rulesOut = "Nothing on its own: IPv6 may work fine with ICMP filtered.",
+    )
+
+    /**
+     * IPv6 is advertised and does not work — the claim `v6.broken` originally made on ICMP
+     * silence alone, now reinstated because it can finally be backed: it is only emitted when a
+     * real IPv6 TCP connection (v6.brokenness) failed on the same network whose ICMPv6 went
+     * unanswered. Two independent transports failing on a network that advertises IPv6 is what
+     * "broken" actually means; either signal alone still gets [V6_NO_ICMP_REPLY].
+     */
     val V6_BROKEN = FindingSpec(
-        "v6.broken", Category.IPV6, Severity.MEDIUM,
+        "v6.broken", Category.IPV6, Severity.HIGH,
-        "IPv6 is configured on this network but does not work.",
+        "IPv6 is advertised on this network but carries no traffic.",
-        rulesOut = "Absence of IPv6: it is provisioned, it simply fails.",
+        rulesOut = "ICMP filtering as the benign explanation: a TCP connection over IPv6 failed too.",
     )
 
     /**
@@ -196,7 +311,8 @@ object FindingRegistry {
         NAT_UDP_REBINDING, NAT_SYMMETRIC,
         THROUGHPUT_NO_DELIVERY, THROUGHPUT_BELOW_OFFERED,
         DNS_ANSWER_REWRITTEN, DNS_AUTHORITATIVE_UNREACHABLE,
-        V6_BROKEN, V6_NOT_OFFERED,
+        DNS_SEARCH_DOMAIN_UNANSWERED, DNS_SYSTEM_RESOLVER_BROKEN, MEASUREMENT_VPN_CONSTRAINED,
+        V6_NO_DEFAULT_ROUTE, V6_ROUTE_WITHOUT_ADDRESS, V6_NO_ICMP_REPLY, V6_BROKEN, V6_NOT_OFFERED,
     )
 
     private val byCode: Map<String, FindingSpec> = all.associateBy { it.code }

echolot-app/core-measurement/src/main/kotlin/app/echo_lot/measurement/Network.kt

@@ -18,6 +18,28 @@ data class Network(
     val wifi: Wifi? = null,
     val cellular: Cellular? = null,
     val changes: List<NetworkChange> = emptyList(),
+    @SerialName("system_verdict") val systemVerdict: SystemVerdict? = null,
+)
+
+/**
+ * What Android itself concluded about a network, as opposed to what we measured.
+ *
+ * Recorded because it is the verdict the user can see — the "no internet" warning in the status
+ * bar — and because it is free: the platform has already done the work by the time a run starts.
+ *
+ * Its real value is disagreement. When Android says a network is unusable and our own probes reach
+ * the internet regardless, the fault is in the device rather than the network, and that distinction
+ * is the difference between "fix your router" and "toggle your wifi". Neither number alone can say
+ * that; only the two together.
+ */
+@Serializable
+data class SystemVerdict(
+    /** Android's own connectivity check passed. Null when the platform did not say. */
+    val validated: Boolean? = null,
+    /** Android believes a captive portal is intercepting this network. */
+    @SerialName("captive_portal") val captivePortal: Boolean? = null,
+    /** Some traffic works and some does not — Android's own hedge. */
+    @SerialName("partial_connectivity") val partialConnectivity: Boolean? = null,
 )
 
 @Serializable

echolot-app/core-measurement/src/main/kotlin/app/echo_lot/measurement/Summary.kt

@@ -35,6 +35,9 @@ data class CategorySummary(
  *   (critical|high → red, medium|low → yellow, info/none → green).
  * - A category is `inconclusive` when > 50% of its tests are failed/unsupported.
  * - Overall = the worst category light; `inconclusive` only when ALL categories are.
+ * - A run whose per-network probing was blocked is `inconclusive` outright, whatever the
+ *   categories say. The lights describe what the tests found; when the OS refused to let the
+ *   tests run, a green light would describe nothing at all.
  *
  * The mapping test-type → category comes from [TestType.category]. Only categories that have
  * findings or tests appear in the summary.
@@ -44,7 +47,10 @@ object Verdicts {
     private fun isInconclusiveTest(s: TestStatus) =
         s == TestStatus.FAILED || s == TestStatus.UNSUPPORTED
 
-    fun derive(tests: List<Test>, findings: List<Finding>): Summary {
+    fun derive(tests: List<Test>, findings: List<Finding>): Summary =
+        derive(tests, findings, Constraints())
+
+    fun derive(tests: List<Test>, findings: List<Finding>, constraints: Constraints): Summary {
         val testsByCat = tests.groupBy { TestType.category(it.type) }
         val findingsByCat = findings.groupBy { it.category }
         val categories = (testsByCat.keys + findingsByCat.keys)
@@ -72,7 +78,14 @@ object Verdicts {
             )
         }
 
-        val overall = deriveOverall(perCat.values)
+        // A run that could not measure the networks it was asked about has not found them
+        // healthy; it has found out nothing. Reporting that as green is the single most
+        // misleading thing this function could do, so the constraint outranks the lights.
+        val overall = if (constraints.perNetworkBlocked) {
+            Verdict.INCONCLUSIVE
+        } else {
+            deriveOverall(perCat.values)
+        }
         return Summary(overall = overall, categories = perCat)
     }
 

echolot-app/core-measurement/src/main/kotlin/app/echo_lot/measurement/Test.kt

@@ -89,6 +89,13 @@ object TestType {
     // dns
     const val DNS_RESOLVER_INVENTORY = "dns.resolver_inventory"
     const val DNS_CANARY = "dns.canary"
+    /**
+     * Does this device's own resolver work, as distinct from the network's DNS.
+     *
+     * Registry addition, v1.1. Kept apart from [DNS_CANARY], which asks whether answers are being
+     * tampered with; this asks whether answers arrive at all, and where the failure sits.
+     */
+    const val DNS_RESOLVER = "dns.resolver"
     const val DNS_INTERCEPTION = "dns.interception"
     const val DNS_TTL_INTEGRITY = "dns.ttl_integrity"
     const val DNS_ANSWER_INTEGRITY = "dns.answer_integrity"

echolot-app/core-measurement/src/main/kotlin/app/echo_lot/measurement/V6Analysis.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Echolot contributors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+package app.echo_lot.measurement
+
+/**
+ * The two ways a network can be half-configured for IPv6, read from the link snapshot.
+ *
+ * Pure model logic rather than something a ViewModel does, because "is this network's IPv6
+ * broken, and in which direction" is exactly the kind of judgement that should be checkable
+ * against a captured routing table without a phone in the loop.
+ */
+object V6Analysis {
+
+    /** Linux tunnel interfaces: WireGuard/Netbird (tun*, wg*), plus the usual VPN names. */
+    private val TUNNEL_IFACE = Regex("""^(tun|tap|wg|ppp|ipsec|utun)\d*$""")
+
+    /** What one network's IPv6 configuration looks like. */
+    data class Shape(
+        val iface: String,
+        /** A global address with no ::/0 route: an address the device cannot route with. */
+        val addressWithoutRoute: Boolean,
+        /** A ::/0 route with no global address: a route the device cannot source from. */
+        val routeWithoutAddress: Boolean,
+        /** The routes belong to a tunnel, so a partial view of IPv6 is likely deliberate. */
+        val tunnel: Boolean,
+    )
+
+    /**
+     * Classifies each network's IPv6 configuration.
+     *
+     * Both shapes are read straight from the link snapshot rather than inferred from silence, so
+     * unlike an ICMP signal there is no competing explanation for what was observed — and both
+     * matter for the same reason: an application cannot tell in advance, so it tries IPv6 first
+     * and waits.
+     *
+     * They differ in what they mean. An address with no route is what a VPN installing host routes
+     * to specific destinations produces on purpose, and it works; calling that a fault would be the
+     * "lack of IPv6 is a yellow condition" mistake in a new costume, so a tunnel downgrades it to
+     * information. A route with no address is the opposite: the router advertised itself as a
+     * default gateway but SLAAC produced nothing usable, so the network is announcing IPv6 service
+     * it does not deliver. That one is a real misconfiguration however it arises.
+     */
+    fun classify(networks: List<Network>): List<Shape> = networks.map { n ->
+        val globalV6 = n.link.addresses.any { isGlobalV6(it.addr) }
+        val v6Routes = n.link.routes.filter { it.dst.contains(':') }
+        val hasDefault = v6Routes.any { it.dst == "::/0" }
+        Shape(
+            iface = n.iface ?: v6Routes.firstOrNull()?.iface.orEmpty(),
+            addressWithoutRoute = globalV6 && !hasDefault,
+            routeWithoutAddress = hasDefault && !globalV6,
+            // Android labels the transport itself, which beats guessing from a name; the regex
+            // stays as a backstop for tunnels Android does not own (a userspace WireGuard, say,
+            // or anything seen through the shell tier).
+            tunnel = n.transport == Transport.VPN ||
+                v6Routes.any { TUNNEL_IFACE.containsMatchIn(it.iface.orEmpty()) },
+        )
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Whether an address is IPv6 and usable as a source for off-link traffic.
+     *
+     * ULAs count. A ULA is not globally routable, but it is a global-*scope* address the stack
+     * will happily select as a source, which is the property that matters here — an overlay
+     * network handing out fc00::/7 addresses is providing working IPv6 to the destinations it
+     * carries, and treating that as "no address" would misreport every VPN as broken.
+     */
+    private fun isGlobalV6(addr: String): Boolean {
+        if (!addr.contains(':')) return false
+        val a = addr.substringBefore('%').lowercase() // strip any zone index
+        return !a.startsWith("fe80") && a != "::1" && a != "::"
+    }
+}

echolot-app/core-measurement/src/test/kotlin/app/echo_lot/measurement/V6AnalysisTest.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Echolot contributors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+package app.echo_lot.measurement
+
+import kotlin.test.Test
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertFalse
+import kotlin.test.assertTrue
+
+/**
+ * The fixtures here are a real device's routing table, transcribed from `dumpsys connectivity`
+ * on a OnePlus 15 with a Netbird tunnel up: wifi advertising a default route it cannot source
+ * from, cellular working properly, and a VPN carrying host routes to two destinations.
+ *
+ * Using a captured table rather than invented ones matters, because the bug this guards against
+ * is not "the boolean logic is wrong" — it is "the shapes I imagined are not the shapes real
+ * networks produce".
+ */
+class V6AnalysisTest {
+
+    private fun net(
+        id: String,
+        transport: Transport,
+        iface: String,
+        addrs: List<String>,
+        routes: List<Pair<String, String>>,
+    ) = Network(
+        id = id,
+        transport = transport,
+        iface = iface,
+        link = Link(
+            addresses = addrs.map { Address(addr = it.substringBefore('/'), prefixLen = 64) },
+            routes = routes.map { (dst, dev) -> Route(dst = dst, iface = dev) },
+        ),
+    )
+
+    /** wlan0: an IPv6 default route via a link-local gateway, but SLAAC produced no address. */
+    private val wifi = net(
+        "w", Transport.WIFI, "wlan0",
+        addrs = listOf("fe80::bcf6:edff:fe67:b139", "10.13.102.122"),
+        routes = listOf(
+            "fe80::/64" to "wlan0",
+            "::/0" to "wlan0",
+            "0.0.0.0/0" to "wlan0",
+        ),
+    )
+
+    /** rmnet_data1: a properly configured cellular link — global address and a default route. */
+    private val cellular = net(
+        "c", Transport.CELLULAR, "rmnet_data1",
+        addrs = listOf("2001:4bb8:46a:e724:289d:87ff:feb6:ebd3"),
+        routes = listOf("::/0" to "rmnet_data1", "2001:4bb8:46a:e724::/64" to "rmnet_data1"),
+    )
+
+    /** tun1: Netbird, with a ULA and host routes to exactly two destinations. */
+    private val vpn = net(
+        "v", Transport.VPN, "tun1",
+        addrs = listOf("100.64.158.131", "fdfd:c4fe:c4fe:c4fe:1f3c:98a0:dd66:ac7"),
+        routes = listOf(
+            "2001:1ad0:c4fe:6767::2/128" to "tun1",
+            "2001:1ad0:c4fe:a::136/128" to "tun1",
+            "fdfd:c4fe:c4fe:c4fe::/64" to "tun1",
+        ),
+    )
+
+    @Test
+    fun `wifi advertising a route it cannot source from is reported`() {
+        val s = V6Analysis.classify(listOf(wifi)).single()
+        assertTrue(s.routeWithoutAddress, "::/0 with only a link-local address is the RA-without-SLAAC case")
+        assertFalse(s.addressWithoutRoute)
+        assertFalse(s.tunnel, "wifi is not a tunnel")
+        assertEquals("wlan0", s.iface)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `a properly configured link produces no finding`() {
+        val s = V6Analysis.classify(listOf(cellular)).single()
+        assertFalse(s.routeWithoutAddress)
+        assertFalse(s.addressWithoutRoute)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `a tunnel with host routes is deliberate, not broken`() {
+        val s = V6Analysis.classify(listOf(vpn)).single()
+        assertTrue(s.addressWithoutRoute, "a ULA and no ::/0 is an address with nothing to route it")
+        assertTrue(s.tunnel, "so it must be reported as information, not as a fault")
+        assertFalse(s.routeWithoutAddress)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `each network is judged on its own`() {
+        // The whole point of per-network classification: "IPv6 is broken" is useless advice when
+        // wifi is the broken one and cellular is fine.
+        val shapes = V6Analysis.classify(listOf(wifi, cellular, vpn)).associateBy { it.iface }
+        assertTrue(shapes.getValue("wlan0").routeWithoutAddress)
+        assertFalse(shapes.getValue("rmnet_data1").routeWithoutAddress)
+        assertFalse(shapes.getValue("rmnet_data1").addressWithoutRoute)
+        assertTrue(shapes.getValue("tun1").addressWithoutRoute)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `a link-local-only network with no v6 route says nothing either way`() {
+        // Plain IPv4-only wifi: no IPv6 offered at all. That is v6.not_offered's business, and
+        // reporting it here as well would double up on a network that is merely legacy, not broken.
+        val v4only = net(
+            "4", Transport.WIFI, "wlan0",
+            addrs = listOf("fe80::1", "192.168.1.5"),
+            routes = listOf("0.0.0.0/0" to "wlan0"),
+        )
+        val s = V6Analysis.classify(listOf(v4only)).single()
+        assertFalse(s.routeWithoutAddress)
+        assertFalse(s.addressWithoutRoute)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `a zone index does not hide a link-local address`() {
+        val zoned = net(
+            "z", Transport.WIFI, "wlan0",
+            addrs = listOf("fe80::1%wlan0"),
+            routes = listOf("::/0" to "wlan0"),
+        )
+        assertTrue(V6Analysis.classify(listOf(zoned)).single().routeWithoutAddress)
+    }
+}

echolot-app/core-privacy/build.gradle.kts

@@ -20,4 +20,8 @@ kotlin {
 }
 java { sourceCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_17; targetCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_17 }
 
-tasks.test { useJUnitPlatform() }
+tasks.test {
+    useJUnitPlatform()
+    // Opt-in: point this at a captured run to check the anonymizer against real data.
+    System.getenv("ECHOLOT_REAL_RUN")?.let { environment("ECHOLOT_REAL_RUN", it) }
+}

echolot-app/core-privacy/src/main/kotlin/app/echo_lot/privacy/Anonymizer.kt

@@ -119,7 +119,11 @@ class Anonymizer(private val level: PrivacyLevel, private val salt: Salt) {
     }
 
     private fun transform(type: LogicalType?, value: String): String = when (type) {
-        null -> value
+        // Unclassified strings still get their *embedded* identifiers scrubbed. A whole-value
+        // check cannot see them: raw shell output is one long string that is neither a MAC nor an
+        // address, so it sailed through both the name table and the shape check carrying every
+        // MAC on the user's LAN.
+        null -> scrubEmbedded(value)
         LogicalType.SSID -> pseudo("ssid", value) { "net-" + it.take(6) }
         LogicalType.MAC, LogicalType.BSSID -> macPreservingOui(value)
         LogicalType.IP4 -> ip4(value)
@@ -129,6 +133,38 @@ class Anonymizer(private val level: PrivacyLevel, private val salt: Salt) {
         LogicalType.FREETEXT -> "[removed: may contain identifying text]"
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Replaces addresses and MACs found *inside* a longer string.
+     *
+     * Shizuku probes embed raw command output verbatim — `ip neigh`, `ip route`, `dumpsys` — which
+     * is genuinely valuable evidence and also a complete inventory of every device on the user's
+     * network, with hardware addresses. measurement-schema.md §9 flagged these as "hard to
+     * anonymize" and proposed dropping them from exports.
+     *
+     * Scrubbing beats dropping: the output stays readable and auditable — you can still see the
+     * shape of the neighbour table and how many hosts there were — while the identifiers become
+     * the same pseudonyms used everywhere else in the document. So a MAC appearing both in a
+     * parsed field and in a raw dump still reads as one device.
+     *
+     * Only addresses and MACs are touched, for the same reason as [Classification.inferFromValue]:
+     * they are the patterns that cannot be mistaken for something else in free text.
+     */
+    private fun scrubEmbedded(value: String): String {
+        // Cheap bail-out: the overwhelming majority of strings are short and contain neither.
+        if (value.length < 7 || (!value.contains(':') && !value.contains('.'))) return value
+        // One pass, not three. Sequential passes re-process their own output: after a MAC became
+        // 78:9a:18:xx:yy:zz the IPv6 pattern matched it — six hex groups separated by colons is
+        // exactly an address — and mangled the vendor prefix that the MAC rule had just taken
+        // care to preserve. Ordered alternation resolves each position once, MAC first.
+        return EMBEDDED.replace(value) { m ->
+            when {
+                m.groups[1] != null -> macPreservingOui(m.value)
+                m.groups[2] != null -> ip6(m.value)
+                else -> ip4(m.value)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     // ---- per-type transforms -------------------------------------------------------------
 
     /**
@@ -258,7 +294,7 @@ class Anonymizer(private val level: PrivacyLevel, private val salt: Salt) {
 
     /** Deterministic per (domain, value, salt); memoized so one value maps to one pseudonym. */
     private fun pseudo(domain: String, value: String, shape: (String) -> String): String =
-        cache.getOrPut("$domain$value") {
+        cache.getOrPut("$domain\u0000$value") {
             val md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256")
             md.update(salt.bytes)
             md.update(domain.toByteArray())
@@ -268,6 +304,21 @@ class Anonymizer(private val level: PrivacyLevel, private val salt: Salt) {
         }
 
     private companion object {
+        /**
+         * MAC | IPv6 | IPv4, in that order — alternation is ordered, so a MAC-shaped token is
+         * claimed by the MAC rule before the IPv6 rule can see it.
+         *
+         * The patterns are deliberately conservative. A missed address is scrubbed by another
+         * rule or not at all; an over-eager one mangles timestamps, version strings and log
+         * prefixes, corrupting evidence to protect nothing.
+         */
+        val EMBEDDED = Regex(
+            // Raw strings: a regex written with escaped escapes is a regex nobody can check.
+            """(\b[0-9a-fA-F]{2}(?:[:-][0-9a-fA-F]{2}){5}\b)""" +
+                """|(\b(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){2,7}(?::|[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})(?:[0-9a-fA-F:]*))""" +
+                """|(\b(?:\d{1,3}\.){3}\d{1,3}\b)"""
+        )
+
         val publicSuffixes = setOf(
             "local", "lan", "home", "internal", "arpa",
             "com", "net", "org", "io", "app", "dev", "at", "de", "eu", "uk",

echolot-app/core-privacy/src/test/kotlin/app/echo_lot/privacy/LeakTest.kt

@@ -4,8 +4,12 @@
 package app.echo_lot.privacy
 
 import kotlinx.serialization.json.Json
+import kotlinx.serialization.json.JsonObject
+import kotlinx.serialization.json.jsonArray
 import kotlinx.serialization.json.jsonObject
+import kotlinx.serialization.json.jsonPrimitive
 import kotlin.test.Test
+import kotlin.test.assertFalse
 import kotlin.test.assertTrue
 
 /**
@@ -110,4 +114,64 @@ class LeakTest {
         assertTrue(out.contains("192.168.1.1"), "RFC1918 gateway should survive: $out")
         assertTrue(out.contains("192.168.1.44"), "RFC1918 interface address should survive: $out")
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Raw shell output embeds a complete inventory of the local network, and neither the field-name
+     * table nor the whole-value shape check can see it: `ip_neigh` is one long string that is
+     * itself neither a MAC nor an address.
+     *
+     * This is not hypothetical. The blob below is (abridged) real output that reached the server
+     * at the `balanced` level from a test device, carrying the hardware address of every host on
+     * the network. measurement-schema.md §9 had flagged raw dumps as "hard to anonymize"; nothing
+     * enforced it.
+     */
+    @Test
+    fun identifiersInsideRawShellOutputAreScrubbed() {
+        // Joined rather than written with escapes, so the fixture stays readable and there is no
+        // chance of an escape being mangled on its way into the JSON below.
+        val dump = listOf(
+            "uid=2000",
+            "10.13.102.5 dev wlan0 lladdr 90:09:d0:1a:83:e4 REACHABLE",
+            "10.13.102.1 dev wlan0 lladdr 78:9a:18:54:b8:f9 REACHABLE",
+            "10.13.102.111 dev wlan0 lladdr dc:a2:66:08:69:95 STALE",
+            "2001:4bb8:46a:e724:289d:87ff:feb6:ebd3 dev wlan0 lladdr b8:be:f4:bc:ca:cf STALE",
+        ).joinToString(" | ")
+        val doc = json.parseToJsonElement(
+            """{"run":{"id":"r"},"tests":[{"id":"t","type":"link.ip_monitor",
+               "evidence":{"ip_neigh":"$dump"}}]}"""
+        ).jsonObject
+        val out = json.encodeToString(
+            kotlinx.serialization.json.JsonObject.serializer(),
+            Anonymizer(PrivacyLevel.BALANCED, salt).anonymize(doc),
+        )
+
+        for (mac in listOf("90:09:d0:1a:83:e4", "78:9a:18:54:b8:f9", "dc:a2:66:08:69:95", "b8:be:f4:bc:ca:cf")) {
+            assertFalse(out.contains(mac), "a neighbour's MAC survived inside the raw dump: $mac")
+        }
+        assertFalse(out.contains("2001:4bb8:46a:e724:289d:87ff:feb6:ebd3"),
+            "a global IPv6 survived inside the raw dump")
+
+        // Scrubbed, not dropped: the evidence must still be readable, or the raw dump stops being
+        // evidence at all. Structure, hostnames of the fields, and RFC1918 addresses stay.
+        assertTrue(out.contains("REACHABLE") && out.contains("STALE"), "the dump lost its structure")
+        assertTrue(out.contains("10.13.102.1"), "RFC1918 addresses should stay readable: $out")
+        assertTrue(out.contains("78:9a:18"), "the vendor prefix should survive for identification")
+    }
+
+    // A MAC in a raw dump and the same MAC in a parsed field must land on the same pseudonym, or
+    // the document stops being internally consistent and one device reads as two.
+    @Test
+    fun theSameIdentifierMatchesAcrossParsedAndRawFields() {
+        val doc = json.parseToJsonElement(
+            """{"run":{"id":"r"},
+               "networks":[{"wifi":{"bssid":"78:9a:18:54:b8:f9"}}],
+               "tests":[{"id":"t","evidence":{"ip_neigh":"gw dev wlan0 lladdr 78:9a:18:54:b8:f9 REACHABLE"}}]}"""
+        ).jsonObject
+        val out = Anonymizer(PrivacyLevel.BALANCED, salt).anonymize(doc)
+        val parsed = out["networks"]!!.jsonArray[0].jsonObject["wifi"]!!.jsonObject["bssid"]!!
+            .jsonPrimitive.content
+        val raw = json.encodeToString(kotlinx.serialization.json.JsonObject.serializer(), out)
+        assertTrue(raw.contains(parsed),
+            "the parsed BSSID pseudonym ($parsed) does not appear in the scrubbed dump")
+    }
 }

echolot-app/core-privacy/src/test/kotlin/app/echo_lot/privacy/RealDocumentTest.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Echolot contributors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+package app.echo_lot.privacy
+
+import kotlinx.serialization.json.Json
+import kotlinx.serialization.json.JsonObject
+import kotlinx.serialization.json.jsonObject
+import java.io.File
+import kotlin.test.Test
+import kotlin.test.assertTrue
+
+/**
+ * Runs the anonymizer over a real captured document when one is supplied via ECHOLOT_REAL_RUN,
+ * and reports every MAC and public address that survives.
+ *
+ * Fixtures only contain the identifiers somebody thought to put in them. A real run off a real
+ * phone contains whatever the probes actually produce — which is how the raw-shell-output leak was
+ * found in the first place. Self-skips when no document is supplied, so nobody's network ends up
+ * committed to the repository.
+ */
+class RealDocumentTest {
+
+    @Test
+    fun noIdentifiersSurviveInARealDocument() {
+        val path = System.getenv("ECHOLOT_REAL_RUN")
+        if (path.isNullOrBlank() || !File(path).isFile) {
+            println("RealDocumentTest skipped (set ECHOLOT_REAL_RUN to a captured run)"); return
+        }
+        val json = Json { prettyPrint = false }
+        val doc = json.parseToJsonElement(File(path).readText()).jsonObject
+        val out = json.encodeToString(
+            JsonObject.serializer(),
+            Anonymizer(PrivacyLevel.BALANCED, Salt.perRun(ByteArray(32) { 5 })).anonymize(doc),
+        )
+
+        val macs = Regex("""\b[0-9a-fA-F]{2}(?::[0-9a-fA-F]{2}){5}\b""").findAll(out)
+            .map { it.value.lowercase() }
+            .filter { it != "00:00:00:00:00:00" }
+            .toSet()
+        val original = Regex("""\b[0-9a-fA-F]{2}(?::[0-9a-fA-F]{2}){5}\b""")
+            .findAll(File(path).readText()).map { it.value.lowercase() }.toSet()
+
+        val survived = macs intersect original
+        println("MACs in the original: ${original.size}; unchanged after anonymizing: ${survived.size}")
+        assertTrue(survived.isEmpty(), "these real MAC addresses survived anonymization: $survived")
+    }
+}

echolot-app/core-probe/src/main/kotlin/app/echo_lot/probe/ConstraintDetector.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Echolot contributors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+package app.echo_lot.probe
+
+import app.echo_lot.measurement.Constraints
+import app.echo_lot.measurement.Transport
+import java.net.DatagramSocket
+
+/**
+ * Detects what will prevent this run from measuring (measurement-schema.md §3 `constraints`),
+ * before any probe runs and independently of all of them.
+ *
+ * The known case: while a VPN holds the default route, Android refuses `Network.bindSocket()` on
+ * the underlying networks (EPERM) so apps cannot leak around the tunnel. Every per-network test
+ * then silently measures the tunnel or nothing, and the run comes out shaped exactly like a clean
+ * run of a healthy network. Detecting that here — one throwaway bind per network — is what lets
+ * the document say "these networks went unmeasured" instead of leaving the reader to infer it
+ * from a pattern of `attempted: false` scattered across the tests.
+ */
+object ConstraintDetector {
+
+    fun detect(entries: List<NetworkInventory.Entry>): Constraints {
+        val vpnActive = entries.any { it.model.transport == Transport.VPN }
+        val unmeasured = ArrayList<String>()
+        for (e in entries) {
+            // The tunnel itself stays bindable — it is the underlying networks the OS walls off.
+            if (e.model.transport == Transport.VPN) continue
+            val bindable = runCatching {
+                DatagramSocket().use { s -> e.handle.bindSocket(s) }
+                true
+            }.getOrDefault(false)
+            if (!bindable) unmeasured.add(e.model.id)
+        }
+        return Constraints(
+            vpnActive = vpnActive,
+            perNetworkBlocked = unmeasured.isNotEmpty(),
+            unmeasuredNetworks = unmeasured,
+        )
+    }
+}

echolot-app/core-probe/src/main/kotlin/app/echo_lot/probe/DnsResolverProbe.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Echolot contributors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+package app.echo_lot.probe
+
+import android.content.Context
+import app.echo_lot.measurement.Test
+import app.echo_lot.measurement.TestStatus
+import app.echo_lot.measurement.TestType
+import app.echo_lot.measurement.Tier
+import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
+import kotlinx.coroutines.withContext
+import kotlinx.serialization.json.JsonObject
+import kotlinx.serialization.json.buildJsonObject
+import kotlinx.serialization.json.put
+import java.net.DatagramPacket
+import java.net.DatagramSocket
+import java.net.InetAddress
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress
+import java.util.Random
+
+/**
+ * Asks the network's own DNS servers directly, then asks Android to resolve the same name, and
+ * compares.
+ *
+ * The comparison is the point. A name that fails to resolve looks the same to a user whatever the
+ * cause, but the causes want opposite responses: if the server does not answer, the network is
+ * broken and the router is the thing to look at; if the server answers a raw query while the
+ * platform still cannot resolve, the device's own resolver has wedged and toggling wifi fixes it in
+ * seconds. Nothing else on a phone will tell you which of those you have.
+ *
+ * This is deliberately not a general DNS test — no recursion checks, no DNSSEC, no rewriting
+ * detection; [DnsCanaryProbe] covers interception. This one answers a single question: is the
+ * resolver on this device doing its job.
+ */
+class DnsResolverProbe(
+    private val entries: List<NetworkInventory.Entry>,
+    /** Resolved directly rather than through any cache; any name with a stable answer will do. */
+    private val probeName: String = "one.one.one.one",
+) : Probe {
+    override val type = TestType.DNS_RESOLVER
+    override val tier = Tier.APP
+    // A query per server with a 3s ceiling, plus one getaddrinfo that may sit out its own timeout.
+    override val estimatedMs = 6_000L
+
+    override suspend fun run(ctx: Context, ids: ProbeIds): Test = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
+        val b = TestBuilder(type, tier, ids)
+        val perNetwork = LinkedHashMap<String, Pair<String, JsonObject>>()
+
+        for (e in entries) {
+            val servers = e.model.link.dns?.servers.orEmpty()
+            if (servers.isEmpty()) continue
+            val label = "${e.model.transport.name.lowercase()}:${e.model.id}"
+
+            // Directly: does the configured server answer at all?
+            var direct: Boolean? = null
+            var directDetail = "no server answered"
+            for (s in servers) {
+                val r = try {
+                    queryDirect(s, probeName)
+                } catch (e: DnsRefused) {
+                    // Distinguished deliberately: a server that replies with a failure is a
+                    // working server saying no, which points at the network rather than here.
+                    direct = false
+                    directDetail = "$s ${e.why}"
+                    break
+                }
+                if (r != null) {
+                    direct = true
+                    directDetail = "$s answered in ${r}ms"
+                    break
+                }
+                direct = false
+                directDetail = "$s did not answer"
+            }
+
+            // The search domains the network handed out, asked about separately.
+            //
+            // A resolver appends these to a lookup, so a search domain the server will not answer
+            // for stalls every name a client asks about — and it fails as silence, which is
+            // indistinguishable from packet loss, so clients retry rather than moving on. Asking
+            // about a name that cannot exist is deliberate: the answer wanted here is NXDOMAIN,
+            // and what matters is only whether anything comes back at all.
+            val searchDomains = e.model.link.dns?.searchDomains.orEmpty()
+            var searchAnswered: Boolean? = null
+            var searchDetail = ""
+            for (d in searchDomains) {
+                val nonce = "echolot-probe-" + java.util.UUID.randomUUID().toString().take(8)
+                val answered = servers.any { srv ->
+                    runCatching { queryDirect(srv, "$nonce.$d") != null }
+                        .getOrElse { it is DnsRefused } // a refusal is still an answer
+                }
+                if (!answered) {
+                    searchAnswered = false
+                    searchDetail = "$d is not answered at all — queries under it vanish"
+                    break
+                }
+                searchAnswered = true
+                searchDetail = "$d answers"
+            }
+
+            // Through the platform: what an app actually gets.
+            val viaSystem = runCatching {
+                e.handle.getAllByName(probeName).isNotEmpty()
+            }.getOrElse { false }
+
+            perNetwork[label] = e.model.id to buildJsonObject {
+                put("network_ref", e.model.id)
+                put("servers", servers.joinToString(","))
+                direct?.let { put("direct_answer", it) }
+                put("direct_detail", directDetail)
+                if (searchDomains.isNotEmpty()) {
+                    put("search_domains", searchDomains.joinToString(","))
+                    searchAnswered?.let { put("search_answered", it) }
+                    put("search_detail", searchDetail)
+                }
+                put("system_resolves", viaSystem)
+                // Named here rather than left for a finding to infer, because the pairing is the
+                // whole observation and splitting it across two places invites reading one alone.
+                put(
+                    "verdict",
+                    when {
+                        // Ordered by which component is at fault, most specific first. A search
+                        // domain that swallows queries explains a failure that would otherwise be
+                        // blamed on the device, so it has to be tested before that conclusion.
+                        searchAnswered == false -> "search domain swallows queries"
+                        viaSystem -> "resolver working"
+                        direct == true -> "server answers, device resolver does not"
+                        direct == false -> "server does not answer"
+                        else -> "not determined"
+                    },
+                )
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (perNetwork.isEmpty()) {
+            return@withContext b.build(
+                TestStatus.SKIPPED,
+                evidence = buildJsonObject { put("reason", "no network advertised a DNS server") },
+            )
+        }
+        val evidence = buildJsonObject {
+            put("name", probeName)
+            for ((label, v) in perNetwork) put(label, v.second)
+        }
+        // OK means the measurement ran, not that DNS is healthy — the finding says that.
+        b.build(TestStatus.OK, evidence = evidence)
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sends one A query straight to [server] over UDP. Returns the round trip in ms, or null.
+     *
+     * Hand-rolled rather than via any resolver API on purpose: the entire point is to bypass the
+     * component under suspicion. Anything that goes through the platform resolver would inherit
+     * exactly the fault this is trying to detect.
+     */
+    private fun queryDirect(server: String, name: String): Long? {
+        return try {
+            queryDirectOrThrow(server, name)
+        } catch (e: DnsRefused) {
+            throw e
+        } catch (t: Throwable) {
+            null
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun queryDirectOrThrow(server: String, name: String): Long? = run {
+        val id = Random().nextInt(0xFFFF)
+        val query = buildQuery(id, name)
+        DatagramSocket().use { sock ->
+            sock.soTimeout = 3000
+            val addr = InetAddress.getByName(server) // a literal from DHCP; no lookup happens
+            val t0 = System.nanoTime()
+            sock.send(DatagramPacket(query, query.size, InetSocketAddress(addr, 53)))
+            val buf = ByteArray(512)
+            val reply = DatagramPacket(buf, buf.size)
+            sock.receive(reply)
+            val ms = (System.nanoTime() - t0) / 1_000_000
+            // A reply is not an answer. Counting any packet as success would let a REFUSED or
+            // SERVFAIL — both perfectly well-formed responses — be reported as "the server
+            // answers", and this probe's whole output is the claim that the server is fine and
+            // the device is not. That would be an accusation pointed at the wrong component,
+            // stated with confidence.
+            val replyId = ((buf[0].toInt() and 0xFF) shl 8) or (buf[1].toInt() and 0xFF)
+            val rcode = if (reply.length >= 4) buf[3].toInt() and 0x0F else -1
+            val answers = if (reply.length >= 8) {
+                ((buf[6].toInt() and 0xFF) shl 8) or (buf[7].toInt() and 0xFF)
+            } else 0
+            when {
+                replyId != id || reply.length < 12 -> null
+                rcode != 0 -> throw DnsRefused(rcodeName(rcode))
+                answers == 0 -> throw DnsRefused("answered with no records")
+                else -> ms
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** The server replied, but with a failure — which is a network fault, not a device one. */
+    private class DnsRefused(val why: String) : Exception(why)
+
+    private fun rcodeName(rcode: Int): String = when (rcode) {
+        1 -> "rejected the query as malformed"
+        2 -> "reported its own failure (SERVFAIL)"
+        3 -> "said the name does not exist (NXDOMAIN)"
+        4 -> "does not implement this query"
+        5 -> "refused the query (REFUSED)"
+        else -> "returned rcode $rcode"
+    }
+
+    /** A minimal DNS query: one question, class IN, type A, recursion desired. */
+    private fun buildQuery(id: Int, name: String): ByteArray {
+        val labels = name.split('.').filter { it.isNotEmpty() }
+        val out = ArrayList<Byte>(32)
+        out.add((id shr 8).toByte()); out.add(id.toByte())
+        out.add(0x01); out.add(0x00)   // recursion desired
+        out.add(0x00); out.add(0x01)   // one question
+        repeat(6) { out.add(0x00) }    // no answers, authority or additional
+        for (l in labels) {
+            out.add(l.length.toByte())
+            for (c in l.toByteArray(Charsets.US_ASCII)) out.add(c)
+        }
+        out.add(0x00)                  // root label
+        out.add(0x00); out.add(0x01)   // type A
+        out.add(0x00); out.add(0x01)   // class IN
+        return out.toByteArray()
+    }
+}

echolot-app/core-probe/src/main/kotlin/app/echo_lot/probe/IcmpProbe.kt

@@ -40,24 +40,37 @@ class IcmpProbe(
 
     override suspend fun run(ctx: Context, ids: ProbeIds): Test = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
         val b = TestBuilder(type, tier, ids)
-        val perNetwork = LinkedHashMap<String, String>()
+        val perNetwork = LinkedHashMap<String, Pair<String?, Attempt>>()
         var anyOk = false
         val rtts = ArrayList<Double>()
 
         // Default network first, then each active network explicitly.
-        attempt(null).let { (ok, detail, rtt) ->
+        attempt(null).let { a ->
-            perNetwork["default"] = detail; if (ok) { anyOk = true; rtt?.let(rtts::add) }
+            perNetwork["default"] = null to a
+            if (a.ok) { anyOk = true; a.rttMs?.let(rtts::add) }
         }
         for (e in entries) {
             val label = "${e.model.transport.name.lowercase()}:${e.model.id}"
-            val (ok, detail, rtt) = attempt(e.handle)
+            val a = attempt(e.handle)
-            perNetwork[label] = detail
+            perNetwork[label] = e.model.id to a
-            if (ok) { anyOk = true; rtt?.let(rtts::add) }
+            if (a.ok) { anyOk = true; a.rttMs?.let(rtts::add) }
         }
 
+        // Per-network results are recorded structurally, not just as prose. The aggregate status
+        // can only say "some network answered"; a finding needs to know *which* network failed,
+        // and recovering that by parsing a human-readable detail string would be a trap waiting to
+        // spring the first time the wording changes.
         val evidence: JsonObject = buildJsonObject {
             put("target", target)
-            for ((k, v) in perNetwork) put(k, v)
+            for ((label, r) in perNetwork) {
+                val (netId, a) = r
+                put(label, buildJsonObject {
+                    netId?.let { put("network_ref", it) }
+                    put("ok", a.ok)
+                    put("attempted", a.attempted)
+                    put("detail", a.detail)
+                })
+            }
         }
         val metrics: JsonObject = buildJsonObject {
             put("networks_ok", rtts.size)
@@ -69,14 +82,31 @@ class IcmpProbe(
         b.build(status, evidence = evidence, metrics = metrics)
     }
 
-    private data class Attempt(val ok: Boolean, val detail: String, val rttMs: Double?)
+    /**
+     * One network's result.
+     *
+     * [attempted] separates "we sent an echo request and heard nothing" from "we never got as far
+     * as sending one". Both leave [ok] false, and collapsing them is how a probe ends up asserting
+     * something about a network it never touched: binding to a non-default network can fail with
+     * EPERM, and reporting that as ICMPv6 silence blames the carrier for the app's own inability
+     * to use the interface.
+     */
+    private data class Attempt(
+        val ok: Boolean,
+        val attempted: Boolean,
+        val detail: String,
+        val rttMs: Double?,
+    )
 
     private fun attempt(network: Network?): Attempt {
         var fd: FileDescriptor? = null
+        var sent = false
         return try {
             val proto = if (v6) OsConstants.IPPROTO_ICMPV6 else OsConstants.IPPROTO_ICMP
             val family = if (v6) OsConstants.AF_INET6 else OsConstants.AF_INET
             fd = Os.socket(family, OsConstants.SOCK_DGRAM, proto)
+            // Everything up to and including sendto is setup. A failure here means the test did
+            // not run on this network — not that the network stayed silent.
             network?.bindSocket(fd)
             Os.setsockoptTimeval(fd, OsConstants.SOL_SOCKET, OsConstants.SO_RCVTIMEO, StructTimeval.fromMillis(3000))
             val addr = network?.getByName(target) ?: InetAddress.getByName(target)
@@ -85,14 +115,16 @@ class IcmpProbe(
             val packet = buildEchoRequest(v6, ident.toShort(), 1)
             val t0 = System.nanoTime()
             Os.sendto(fd, packet, 0, packet.size, 0, addr, 0)
+            sent = true
             val buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1500)
             val received = Os.recvfrom(fd, buf, 0, null)
             val rttMs = (System.nanoTime() - t0) / 1_000_000.0
             val replyType = if (received > 0) buf.get(0).toInt() and 0xFF else -1
             val ok = replyType == (if (v6) 129 else 0)
-            Attempt(ok, "reply type=$replyType rtt_ms=${"%.1f".format(Locale.ROOT, rttMs)} bytes=$received", if (ok) rttMs else null)
+            Attempt(ok, true, "reply type=$replyType rtt_ms=${"%.1f".format(Locale.ROOT, rttMs)} bytes=$received", if (ok) rttMs else null)
         } catch (e: Throwable) {
-            Attempt(false, "error: ${e.message ?: e.javaClass.simpleName}", null)
+            // A timeout after a successful send is a real "no reply"; anything before it is not.
+            Attempt(false, sent, "error: ${e.message ?: e.javaClass.simpleName}", null)
         } finally {
             fd?.let { runCatching { Os.close(it) } }
         }

echolot-app/core-probe/src/main/kotlin/app/echo_lot/probe/MdnsInventoryProbe.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Echolot contributors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+package app.echo_lot.probe
+
+import android.content.Context
+import android.net.nsd.NsdManager
+import android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo
+import android.net.wifi.WifiManager
+import app.echo_lot.measurement.Test
+import app.echo_lot.measurement.TestStatus
+import app.echo_lot.measurement.TestType
+import app.echo_lot.measurement.Tier
+import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
+import kotlinx.coroutines.delay
+import kotlinx.coroutines.withContext
+import kotlinx.serialization.json.buildJsonObject
+import kotlinx.serialization.json.put
+import kotlinx.serialization.json.putJsonObject
+import java.util.Collections
+
+/**
+ * local.mdns_inventory — what answers mDNS on this network (MulticastLock + NSD discovery).
+ * The service inventory doubles as the VLAN-leakage detector: a chromecast answering on the
+ * guest wifi is a segmentation fault made visible. Folded from the prober, validated on both
+ * known devices (4 services each).
+ *
+ * Two hardware-bought lessons are load-bearing here:
+ *  - The `_services._dns-sd._udp.` meta-query returned 0 on BOTH devices while concrete types
+ *    found live services — NsdManager's meta-query support is unreliable across builds, so the
+ *    concrete types are the measurement and the meta-query result is itself evidence.
+ *  - 4 s of listening missed services that 10 s catches; mDNS answers straggle.
+ */
+class MdnsInventoryProbe : Probe {
+    override val type = TestType.LOCAL_MDNS_INVENTORY
+    override val tier = Tier.APP
+    override val estimatedMs = 10_500L
+
+    /** Meta-query + common concrete types (HTTP covers HA/printers/NAS; googlecast is ubiquitous). */
+    private val queries = listOf(
+        "meta" to "_services._dns-sd._udp.",
+        "http" to "_http._tcp.",
+        "googlecast" to "_googlecast._tcp.",
+    )
+
+    private class Recorder : NsdManager.DiscoveryListener {
+        val names: MutableList<String> = Collections.synchronizedList(mutableListOf())
+        @Volatile var started = false
+        @Volatile var startFailCode: Int? = null
+        override fun onStartDiscoveryFailed(t: String?, code: Int) { startFailCode = code }
+        override fun onStopDiscoveryFailed(t: String?, code: Int) {}
+        override fun onDiscoveryStarted(t: String?) { started = true }
+        override fun onDiscoveryStopped(t: String?) {}
+        override fun onServiceFound(s: NsdServiceInfo?) { s?.serviceName?.let { names.add(it) } }
+        override fun onServiceLost(s: NsdServiceInfo?) {}
+    }
+
+    override suspend fun run(ctx: Context, ids: ProbeIds): Test = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
+        val b = TestBuilder(type, tier, ids)
+        val wifi = ctx.getSystemService(WifiManager::class.java)
+        val lock = wifi?.createMulticastLock("echolot")?.apply {
+            setReferenceCounted(false)
+            runCatching { acquire() }
+        }
+        val nsd = ctx.getSystemService(NsdManager::class.java)
+            ?: return@withContext b.build(
+                TestStatus.UNSUPPORTED,
+                evidence = buildJsonObject { put("reason", "NsdManager unavailable") },
+            )
+
+        val recorders = queries.map { (label, type) ->
+            val r = Recorder()
+            runCatching { nsd.discoverServices(type, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD, r) }
+                .onFailure { r.startFailCode = -1 }
+            Triple(label, type, r)
+        }
+        try {
+            delay(10_000)
+            var total = 0
+            var anyStarted = false
+            val evidence = buildJsonObject {
+                put("multicast_lock", lock?.isHeld == true)
+                for ((label, type, r) in recorders) {
+                    runCatching { nsd.stopServiceDiscovery(r) }
+                    anyStarted = anyStarted || r.started
+                    val names = r.names.distinct()
+                    total += names.size
+                    putJsonObject(label) {
+                        put("query", type)
+                        put("started", r.started)
+                        r.startFailCode?.let { put("start_fail_code", it) }
+                        put("found", names.size)
+                        if (names.isNotEmpty()) put("names", names.joinToString(", ").take(300))
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            val metrics = buildJsonObject { put("services_found", total) }
+            // Zero services on a started discovery is a legitimate result (an empty or properly
+            // isolated network), not a failure — only discovery refusing to start is one.
+            b.build(if (anyStarted) TestStatus.OK else TestStatus.FAILED,
+                evidence = evidence, metrics = metrics)
+        } finally {
+            recorders.forEach { (_, _, r) -> runCatching { nsd.stopServiceDiscovery(r) } }
+            runCatching { lock?.release() }
+        }
+    }
+}

echolot-app/core-probe/src/main/kotlin/app/echo_lot/probe/NetworkInventory.kt

@@ -39,6 +39,32 @@ object NetworkInventory {
         return out
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Android's own verdict on the network, read straight from the capabilities it already has.
+     *
+     * PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY only exists from API 28 and CAPTIVE_PORTAL from 23, so both are read
+     * defensively: an older platform that cannot answer should leave the field null rather than
+     * assert a false.
+     */
+    private fun systemVerdict(caps: NetworkCapabilities): app.echo_lot.measurement.SystemVerdict =
+        app.echo_lot.measurement.SystemVerdict(
+            validated = caps.hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED),
+            captivePortal = runCatching {
+                caps.hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL)
+            }.getOrNull(),
+            // NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY is @SystemApi, so the constant is not in the
+            // public SDK even though the platform sets it from API 28. The number is stable —
+            // changing it would break every system app that reads it — but this is a value the
+            // SDK does not promise us, so it is asked for defensively and reported as unknown
+            // rather than as false if anything about it is not as expected.
+            partialConnectivity = runCatching {
+                caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY)
+            }.getOrNull(),
+        )
+
+    /** @SystemApi NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY, API 28+. */
+    private const val NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY = 24
+
     private fun toModel(id: String, caps: NetworkCapabilities, lp: LinkProperties): MNetwork {
         val transport = when {
             caps.hasTransport(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI) -> Transport.WIFI
@@ -72,6 +98,7 @@ object NetworkInventory {
         return MNetwork(
             id = id, transport = transport, iface = lp.interfaceName,
             link = Link(mtu = lp.mtu.takeIf { it > 0 }, addresses = addresses, routes = routes, dns = dns),
+            systemVerdict = systemVerdict(caps),
         )
     }
 }

echolot-app/core-probe/src/main/kotlin/app/echo_lot/probe/OsAbi.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Echolot contributors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+package app.echo_lot.probe
+
+import android.system.Os
+import java.io.FileDescriptor
+
+/**
+ * Linux socket-option ABI numbers that android.system.OsConstants does NOT reliably expose.
+ * Stable across Android's supported ABIs at the IP/IPv6 protocol levels, which is why they can
+ * be hardcoded: if setsockoptInt with one of these succeeds, the kernel accepted the option; if
+ * it throws ErrnoException, it did not. Either outcome is data. Do not "fix" these to
+ * OsConstants names — they don't exist there (validated in the prober; see its OsAbi.kt).
+ *
+ * Measured fact worth keeping: `Os.getsockoptInt` is absent on both known devices (OnePlus 15
+ * A16, Lenovo TB330FU A15), so path-MTU values must be read from the errqueue (`ee_info`), never
+ * from getsockopt(IP_MTU).
+ */
+object OsAbi {
+    // IP level
+    const val IP_TTL = 2
+    const val IP_MTU_DISCOVER = 10
+    const val IP_MTU = 14
+    const val IP_RECVERR = 11
+    const val IP_PMTUDISC_DO = 2      // set DF, honor PMTU
+    const val IP_PMTUDISC_PROBE = 3   // set DF, ignore PMTU (for probing)
+
+    // IPv6 level
+    const val IPV6_MTU_DISCOVER = 23
+    const val IPV6_MTU = 24
+    const val IPV6_RECVERR = 25
+    const val IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS = 16
+    const val IPV6_PMTUDISC_PROBE = 3
+
+    // recv flags — not in OsConstants on any current API level
+    const val MSG_ERRQUEUE = 0x2000
+    const val MSG_DONTWAIT = 0x40
+
+    // struct sock_extended_err (uapi/linux/errqueue.h), fixed layout on all Android ABIs:
+    // u32 ee_errno; u8 ee_origin; u8 ee_type; u8 ee_code; u8 ee_pad; u32 ee_info; u32 ee_data;
+    // followed directly by the offender sockaddr (SO_EE_OFFENDER).
+    const val SOCK_EE_SIZE = 16
+    const val SO_EE_ORIGIN_ICMP = 2
+    const val ICMP_TIME_EXCEEDED = 11
+    const val ICMP_DEST_UNREACH = 3
+
+    /** Try setsockoptInt; return null on success, or the errno name on failure. */
+    fun trySetIntOpt(fd: FileDescriptor, level: Int, opt: Int, value: Int): String? =
+        try {
+            Os.setsockoptInt(fd, level, opt, value)
+            null
+        } catch (e: Throwable) {
+            e.message ?: e.javaClass.simpleName
+        }
+
+    /**
+     * getsockoptInt is not part of the stable public Os surface on every API level, so it is
+     * reached via reflection; callers must treat failure as "unreadable", not as an error.
+     */
+    fun tryGetIntOpt(fd: FileDescriptor, level: Int, opt: Int): Result<Int> = runCatching {
+        val m = Os::class.java.getMethod(
+            "getsockoptInt",
+            FileDescriptor::class.java,
+            Int::class.javaPrimitiveType,
+            Int::class.javaPrimitiveType,
+        )
+        m.invoke(null, fd, level, opt) as Int
+    }
+}

echolot-app/core-probe/src/main/kotlin/app/echo_lot/probe/Probe.kt

@@ -55,9 +55,10 @@ class TestBuilder(
         evidence: JsonObject? = null,
         metrics: JsonObject? = null,
         error: TestError? = null,
+        params: JsonObject? = null,
     ): Test = Test(
         id = id, type = type, networkRef = networkRef, sessionRef = sessionRef, tier = tier,
         startedMonoNs = startedMonoNs, endedMonoNs = ids.monoNs(),
-        status = status, error = error, evidence = evidence, metrics = metrics,
+        status = status, error = error, params = params, evidence = evidence, metrics = metrics,
     )
 }

echolot-app/core-probe/src/main/kotlin/app/echo_lot/probe/StunProbe.kt

@@ -60,6 +60,15 @@ class StunProbe(
 
     override suspend fun run(ctx: Context, ids: ProbeIds): Test = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
         val b = TestBuilder(type, tier, ids)
+        // Without a server there is nothing to ask. Skipped rather than failed: "the STUN test
+        // failed" reads as a finding about the network, when the truth is that this device is
+        // not enrolled anywhere and no packet was ever sent.
+        if (serverHost.isBlank()) {
+            return@withContext b.build(
+                TestStatus.SKIPPED,
+                evidence = buildJsonObject { put("reason", "no server configured to ask") },
+            )
+        }
         DatagramSocket().use { sock ->
             sock.soTimeout = 3000
             val localPort = sock.localPort

echolot-app/core-probe/src/main/kotlin/app/echo_lot/probe/TracerouteProbe.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Echolot contributors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+package app.echo_lot.probe
+
+import android.content.Context
+import android.system.Os
+import android.system.OsConstants
+import app.echo_lot.measurement.Flow
+import app.echo_lot.measurement.Hop
+import app.echo_lot.measurement.HopProbe
+import app.echo_lot.measurement.Test
+import app.echo_lot.measurement.TestError
+import app.echo_lot.measurement.TestStatus
+import app.echo_lot.measurement.TestType
+import app.echo_lot.measurement.Tier
+import app.echo_lot.measurement.TracerouteEvidence
+import app.echo_lot.measurement.toEvidence
+import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
+import kotlinx.coroutines.delay
+import kotlinx.coroutines.withContext
+import kotlinx.serialization.json.buildJsonObject
+import kotlinx.serialization.json.put
+import java.io.FileDescriptor
+import java.net.InetAddress
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer
+import java.nio.ByteOrder
+
+/**
+ * traceroute.udp4 — UDP traceroute reading ICMP time-exceeded off the socket error queue via
+ * Os.recvmsg(MSG_ERRQUEUE): no root, no raw socket, no native code. Folded from the prober,
+ * which validated real hop addresses on both known devices (6 hops on the OnePlus 15, 5 on the
+ * Lenovo) and thereby retired the planned C-over-JNI errqueue shim.
+ *
+ * StructMsghdr/StructCmsghdr/recvmsg are reached via reflection (repo convention for uncertain
+ * OS paths): present since roughly API 34, absent before, and the probe must run — and report —
+ * on both. An absent API is UNSUPPORTED with the reason, never a crash.
+ */
+class TracerouteProbe(
+    private val targetHost: String = "1.1.1.1",
+    private val maxHops: Int = 6,
+) : Probe {
+    override val type = TestType.TRACEROUTE_UDP4
+    override val tier = Tier.APP
+    // Validated wall clock is ~250 ms on a healthy path; the ceiling is maxHops silent hops at
+    // 900 ms each, which only a blackholing path produces.
+    override val estimatedMs = 1_500L
+
+    private companion object {
+        const val BASE_PORT = 33434
+        /** ICMP errors take one RTT to surface on the errqueue; poll briefly, never block. */
+        const val HOP_DEADLINE_NS = 900_000_000L
+        const val POLL_INTERVAL_MS = 40L
+    }
+
+    override suspend fun run(ctx: Context, ids: ProbeIds): Test = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
+        val b = TestBuilder(type, tier, ids)
+        val params = buildJsonObject {
+            put("target", targetHost); put("max_hops", maxHops); put("base_port", BASE_PORT)
+        }
+
+        val api = ErrqueueApi.resolve()
+            ?: return@withContext b.build(
+                TestStatus.UNSUPPORTED,
+                params = params,
+                error = TestError(
+                    "no_recvmsg",
+                    "StructMsghdr/Os.recvmsg not on this API level — errqueue unreadable",
+                ),
+            )
+
+        var fd: FileDescriptor? = null
+        try {
+            fd = Os.socket(OsConstants.AF_INET, OsConstants.SOCK_DGRAM, OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP)
+            OsAbi.trySetIntOpt(fd, OsConstants.IPPROTO_IP, OsAbi.IP_RECVERR, 1)?.let {
+                return@withContext b.build(
+                    TestStatus.UNSUPPORTED,
+                    params = params,
+                    error = TestError("ip_recverr_rejected", it),
+                )
+            }
+            val target = InetAddress.getByName(targetHost)
+
+            val hops = ArrayList<Hop>(maxHops)
+            var hopsSeen = 0
+            var reachedTarget = false
+            var srcPort = 0
+            for (ttl in 1..maxHops) {
+                OsAbi.trySetIntOpt(fd, OsConstants.IPPROTO_IP, OsAbi.IP_TTL, ttl)
+                val t0 = System.nanoTime()
+                val sent = runCatching {
+                    Os.sendto(fd, ByteArray(32), 0, 32, 0, target, BASE_PORT + ttl)
+                }
+                if (sent.isFailure) {
+                    hops.add(Hop(ttl, listOf(HopProbe(icmp = "sendto failed: " +
+                        (sent.exceptionOrNull()?.message ?: "?")))))
+                    continue
+                }
+                if (srcPort == 0) {
+                    // Only readable after the implicit bind the first send performs.
+                    srcPort = runCatching {
+                        (Os.getsockname(fd) as? InetSocketAddress)?.port ?: 0
+                    }.getOrDefault(0)
+                }
+
+                var hop: ErrqueueApi.ErrEvent? = null
+                val deadline = System.nanoTime() + HOP_DEADLINE_NS
+                while (hop == null && System.nanoTime() < deadline) {
+                    hop = api.pollErrqueue(fd)
+                    if (hop == null) delay(POLL_INTERVAL_MS)
+                }
+                val rttNs = System.nanoTime() - t0
+                when {
+                    hop == null -> hops.add(Hop(ttl, listOf(HopProbe()))) // silent hop: all null
+                    hop.parseError != null ->
+                        hops.add(Hop(ttl, listOf(HopProbe(icmp = "unparsed: ${hop.parseError}"))))
+                    else -> {
+                        hopsSeen++
+                        hops.add(Hop(ttl, listOf(HopProbe(
+                            replyFrom = hop.offender,
+                            rttNs = rttNs,
+                            icmp = when (hop.icmpType) {
+                                OsAbi.ICMP_TIME_EXCEEDED -> "time_exceeded"
+                                OsAbi.ICMP_DEST_UNREACH -> "dest_unreachable"
+                                else -> "type_${hop.icmpType}"
+                            },
+                        ))))
+                        if (hop.icmpType == OsAbi.ICMP_DEST_UNREACH) reachedTarget = true
+                    }
+                }
+                if (reachedTarget) break
+            }
+
+            // dst_port varies per TTL (classic traceroute, and what was validated on hardware),
+            // so this flow is explicitly NOT fixed-tuple; base_port is in params.
+            val evidence = TracerouteEvidence(
+                flow = Flow(srcPort = srcPort, dstPort = BASE_PORT, fixedTuple = false),
+                hops = hops,
+            ).toEvidence()
+            val metrics = buildJsonObject {
+                put("hops_seen", hopsSeen)
+                put("reached_target", reachedTarget)
+            }
+            val status = when {
+                hopsSeen > 0 -> TestStatus.OK
+                // API present, sends succeeded, nothing surfaced: a fact about this path or
+                // kernel, not proof the mechanism is missing.
+                else -> TestStatus.PARTIAL
+            }
+            b.build(status, params = params, evidence = evidence, metrics = metrics)
+        } catch (e: Throwable) {
+            b.build(
+                TestStatus.FAILED,
+                params = params,
+                error = TestError("uncaught", e.message ?: e.javaClass.simpleName),
+            )
+        } finally {
+            fd?.let { runCatching { Os.close(it) } }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Reflection facade over android.system.{StructMsghdr, StructCmsghdr, Os.recvmsg}.
+ * Resolved once; null if any piece is missing on this API level.
+ */
+internal class ErrqueueApi private constructor(
+    private val msghdrCtor: java.lang.reflect.Constructor<*>,
+    private val recvmsg: java.lang.reflect.Method,
+    private val cmsgLevel: java.lang.reflect.Field,
+    private val cmsgType: java.lang.reflect.Field,
+    private val cmsgData: java.lang.reflect.Field,
+    private val msgControl: java.lang.reflect.Field,
+) {
+    class ErrEvent(
+        val offender: String?,
+        val icmpType: Int,
+        val origin: Int,
+        val parseError: String? = null,
+    )
+
+    /** One non-blocking MSG_ERRQUEUE read; null when the queue is empty. */
+    fun pollErrqueue(fd: FileDescriptor): ErrEvent? {
+        return try {
+            val iov = arrayOf(ByteBuffer.allocate(512))
+            // (SocketAddress msg_name, ByteBuffer[] msg_iov, StructCmsghdr[] msg_control, flags)
+            val msghdr = msghdrCtor.newInstance(
+                InetSocketAddress(0), iov, null, 0,
+            )
+            recvmsg.invoke(null, fd, msghdr, OsAbi.MSG_ERRQUEUE or OsAbi.MSG_DONTWAIT)
+            val control = msgControl.get(msghdr) as? Array<*>
+                ?: return ErrEvent(null, -1, -1, "msg_control empty after recvmsg")
+            for (cmsg in control.filterNotNull()) {
+                val level = cmsgLevel.getInt(cmsg)
+                val type = cmsgType.getInt(cmsg)
+                if (level == OsConstants.IPPROTO_IP && type == OsAbi.IP_RECVERR) {
+                    return parseSockExtendedErr(cmsgData.get(cmsg))
+                }
+            }
+            ErrEvent(null, -1, -1, "no IP_RECVERR cmsg among ${control.size}")
+        } catch (e: Throwable) {
+            // The single most load-bearing line: reflection wraps errno in
+            // InvocationTargetException, and EAGAIN there means "queue empty", not failure.
+            val cause = (e as? java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException)?.cause ?: e
+            val msg = cause.message ?: cause.javaClass.simpleName
+            if ("EAGAIN" in msg || "EWOULDBLOCK" in msg) null
+            else ErrEvent(null, -1, -1, msg)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** cmsg_data = struct sock_extended_err + offender sockaddr_in (see OsAbi). */
+    private fun parseSockExtendedErr(data: Any?): ErrEvent {
+        val bytes: ByteArray = when (data) {
+            is ByteArray -> data
+            is ByteBuffer -> ByteArray(data.remaining()).also { data.duplicate().get(it) }
+            else -> return ErrEvent(null, -1, -1, "cmsg_data is ${data?.javaClass?.name}")
+        }
+        if (bytes.size < OsAbi.SOCK_EE_SIZE) {
+            return ErrEvent(null, -1, -1, "cmsg_data too short: ${bytes.size}")
+        }
+        val origin = bytes[4].toInt() and 0xFF
+        val icmpType = bytes[5].toInt() and 0xFF
+        // SO_EE_OFFENDER: sockaddr_in directly after the fixed struct; family is in native
+        // byte order, sin_addr at offset +4 within the sockaddr.
+        val offender = if (bytes.size >= OsAbi.SOCK_EE_SIZE + 8) {
+            val family = ByteBuffer.wrap(bytes, OsAbi.SOCK_EE_SIZE, 2)
+                .order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()).short.toInt()
+            if (family == OsConstants.AF_INET) {
+                val a = bytes.copyOfRange(OsAbi.SOCK_EE_SIZE + 4, OsAbi.SOCK_EE_SIZE + 8)
+                InetAddress.getByAddress(a).hostAddress
+            } else null
+        } else null
+        return ErrEvent(offender, icmpType, origin)
+    }
+
+    companion object {
+        fun resolve(): ErrqueueApi? = runCatching {
+            val msghdrCls = Class.forName("android.system.StructMsghdr")
+            val cmsghdrCls = Class.forName("android.system.StructCmsghdr")
+            ErrqueueApi(
+                // Picked by shape, not by position: the 4-arg form is
+                // (SocketAddress, ByteBuffer[], StructCmsghdr[], int) on every level that has it.
+                msghdrCtor = msghdrCls.constructors.first { it.parameterCount == 4 },
+                recvmsg = Os::class.java.getMethod(
+                    "recvmsg", FileDescriptor::class.java, msghdrCls, Int::class.javaPrimitiveType,
+                ),
+                cmsgLevel = cmsghdrCls.getField("cmsg_level"),
+                cmsgType = cmsghdrCls.getField("cmsg_type"),
+                cmsgData = cmsghdrCls.getField("cmsg_data"),
+                msgControl = msghdrCls.getField("msg_control"),
+            )
+        }.getOrNull()
+    }
+}

echolot-app/core-probe/src/main/kotlin/app/echo_lot/probe/V6ConnectProbe.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Echolot contributors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+package app.echo_lot.probe
+
+import android.content.Context
+import app.echo_lot.measurement.Test
+import app.echo_lot.measurement.TestStatus
+import app.echo_lot.measurement.TestType
+import app.echo_lot.measurement.Tier
+import app.echo_lot.measurement.Network as MNetwork
+import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
+import kotlinx.coroutines.withContext
+import kotlinx.serialization.json.JsonObject
+import kotlinx.serialization.json.buildJsonObject
+import kotlinx.serialization.json.put
+import java.net.Inet6Address
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress
+import java.util.Locale
+
+/**
+ * v6.brokenness — does IPv6 actually carry traffic, asked with a real TCP connection.
+ *
+ * This exists to corroborate (or refute) the ICMPv6 silence that icmp.ping6 observes. ICMPv6 echo
+ * is widely filtered on networks where IPv6 works fine, so silence alone cannot distinguish
+ * "IPv6 is broken" from "ping is filtered" — a phone that reported v6.broken while happily
+ * loading IPv6-only sites is what proved the point. A TCP connect over IPv6 to the configured
+ * server settles it: if it succeeds, IPv6 works and the ICMP silence is filtering; if it fails
+ * too, on a network that advertises IPv6, the brokenness claim finally has evidence behind it.
+ *
+ * Only networks that claim to offer IPv6 (a global address or a v6 default route) are attempted:
+ * connecting over v6 on an IPv4-only network fails by design, and recording that as evidence
+ * would manufacture the exact false positive this probe exists to kill.
+ */
+class V6ConnectProbe(
+    private val entries: List<NetworkInventory.Entry>,
+    private val serverHost: String,
+    private val port: Int = 443,
+) : Probe {
+    override val type = TestType.V6_BROKENNESS
+    override val tier = Tier.APP
+    // One 3s connect timeout per v6-provisioned network, at most.
+    override val estimatedMs = 4_000L
+
+    override suspend fun run(ctx: Context, ids: ProbeIds): Test = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
+        val b = TestBuilder(type, tier, ids)
+        // Same rule as the STUN and canary probes: with no server there is no target, and
+        // borrowing someone else's infrastructure to get one is not this app's call to make.
+        if (serverHost.isBlank()) {
+            return@withContext b.build(
+                TestStatus.SKIPPED,
+                evidence = buildJsonObject { put("reason", "no server configured to connect to") },
+            )
+        }
+        val candidates = entries.filter { ipv6Provisioned(it.model) }
+        if (candidates.isEmpty()) {
+            return@withContext b.build(
+                TestStatus.SKIPPED,
+                evidence = buildJsonObject {
+                    put("reason", "no active network claims to offer IPv6")
+                },
+            )
+        }
+
+        var okCount = 0
+        var attemptedCount = 0
+        val evidence: JsonObject = buildJsonObject {
+            put("target", "$serverHost:$port")
+            for (e in candidates) {
+                val label = "${e.model.transport.name.lowercase()}:${e.model.id}"
+                val a = attempt(e)
+                if (a.attempted) attemptedCount++
+                if (a.ok) okCount++
+                put(label, buildJsonObject {
+                    put("network_ref", e.model.id)
+                    put("ok", a.ok)
+                    put("attempted", a.attempted)
+                    put("detail", a.detail)
+                })
+            }
+        }
+        val status = when {
+            attemptedCount == 0 -> TestStatus.SKIPPED // resolution/binding never got that far
+            okCount == attemptedCount -> TestStatus.OK
+            okCount > 0 -> TestStatus.PARTIAL
+            else -> TestStatus.FAILED
+        }
+        b.build(status, evidence = evidence)
+    }
+
+    /** Same attempted/ok separation as IcmpProbe: a connect we never sent proves nothing. */
+    private data class Attempt(val ok: Boolean, val attempted: Boolean, val detail: String)
+
+    private fun attempt(e: NetworkInventory.Entry): Attempt {
+        // Resolved through this network's own resolver; a v6 address obtained over another
+        // network would still be connected to over this one, which is what matters.
+        val addr = runCatching {
+            e.handle.getAllByName(serverHost).filterIsInstance<Inet6Address>().firstOrNull()
+        }.getOrNull()
+            ?: return Attempt(false, false, "no AAAA answer for $serverHost via this network")
+
+        // createSocket() binds to the network at creation; failing here means the app could not
+        // use the interface at all (e.g. EPERM under a VPN) — nothing was sent, nothing is known.
+        val socket = try {
+            e.handle.socketFactory.createSocket()
+        } catch (t: Throwable) {
+            return Attempt(false, false, "socket unavailable: ${t.message ?: t.javaClass.simpleName}")
+        }
+        return try {
+            val t0 = System.nanoTime()
+            socket.connect(InetSocketAddress(addr, port), 3000)
+            val rttMs = (System.nanoTime() - t0) / 1_000_000.0
+            Attempt(true, true, "connected to [${addr.hostAddress}]:$port " +
+                "rtt_ms=${"%.1f".format(Locale.ROOT, rttMs)}")
+        } catch (t: Throwable) {
+            // A refused connection would still prove the path forwards IPv6, but against our own
+            // server's 443 the realistic failures are timeout and unreachable — both silence.
+            Attempt(false, true, "error: ${t.message ?: t.javaClass.simpleName}")
+        } finally {
+            runCatching { socket.close() }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** The network claims IPv6: a global (non-link-local) address or a v6 default route. */
+    private fun ipv6Provisioned(n: MNetwork): Boolean =
+        n.link.addresses.any { a ->
+            a.addr.contains(':') &&
+                !a.addr.startsWith("fe80", ignoreCase = true) &&
+                !a.addr.startsWith("::1")
+        } || n.link.routes.any { it.dst == "::/0" }
+}

echolot-app/core-protocol/src/main/kotlin/app/echo_lot/protocol/ControlClient.kt

@@ -35,13 +35,57 @@ class ControlClient(
     private val controlUrl: String,
     pins: Set<String>,
     private val appVersion: String = "",
+    /**
+     * Addresses to fall back to when the server's name will not resolve, learned from its profile.
+     *
+     * A measurement tool that cannot report from a broken network is useless exactly when it
+     * matters, and a wedged resolver is one of the faults it is built to find — it should not also
+     * be the thing that stops the finding being delivered.
+     *
+     * Safe because the pin is the trust and the name is not part of it: the server presents the
+     * same certificate whether it was reached by name or by address, and a wrong address fails the
+     * pin like anything else would.
+     */
+    private val fallbackAddrs: List<String> = emptyList(),
 ) {
 
     private val json = Json { ignoreUnknownKeys = true }
     private val socketFactory = Pinning.sslContext(pins).socketFactory
 
+    /**
+     * The base URL to use, substituting a cached address only when the name genuinely fails.
+     *
+     * Resolved once per client and only on failure, so a working network pays nothing and never
+     * silently drifts onto an address that may be stale.
+     */
+    private val base: String by lazy { resolveBase() }
+
+    private fun resolveBase(): String {
+        if (fallbackAddrs.isEmpty()) return controlUrl
+        val uri = runCatching { java.net.URI(controlUrl) }.getOrNull() ?: return controlUrl
+        val host = uri.host ?: return controlUrl
+        if (runCatching { java.net.InetAddress.getByName(host) }.isSuccess) return controlUrl
+
+        val port = if (uri.port > 0) uri.port else 443
+        for (ip in fallbackAddrs) {
+            // Checked rather than assumed: on a v4-only network a v6 address would otherwise be
+            // chosen and fail slowly, which is the wrong answer delivered late.
+            val reachable = runCatching {
+                java.net.Socket().use { sock ->
+                    sock.connect(java.net.InetSocketAddress(ip, port), 4000)
+                    true
+                }
+            }.getOrDefault(false)
+            if (reachable) {
+                val literal = if (ip.contains(':')) "[$ip]" else ip
+                return uri.scheme + "://" + literal + ":" + port
+            }
+        }
+        return controlUrl
+    }
+
     private fun open(path: String, method: String, credential: String?): HttpsURLConnection {
-        val conn = URL(controlUrl.trimEnd('/') + path).openConnection() as HttpsURLConnection
+        val conn = URL(base.trimEnd('/') + path).openConnection() as HttpsURLConnection
         conn.sslSocketFactory = socketFactory
         conn.setHostnameVerifier { _, _ -> true } // pin is the trust, not the name
         conn.requestMethod = method
@@ -184,6 +228,33 @@ class ControlClient(
         open("/v1/runs/$runId", "DELETE", credential).responseCode
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Ties this device to the person the ID token identifies.
+     *
+     * The device credential proves *which device*, the token proves *which person*; the server
+     * requires both. Returns the raw JSON reply (account id and display name).
+     */
+    fun linkAccount(credential: String, idToken: String): String {
+        val conn = open("/v1/account/link", "POST", credential)
+        writeJson(conn, """{"id_token":${jstr(idToken)}}""")
+        val text = body(conn)
+        check(conn.responseCode in 200..299) { "sign-in failed: ${conn.responseCode} $text" }
+        return text
+    }
+
+    /** Signs out on this device. The device stays enrolled. */
+    fun unlinkAccount(credential: String) {
+        open("/v1/account/link", "DELETE", credential).responseCode
+    }
+
+    /** Whether anyone is signed in on this device, and who. */
+    fun accountStatus(credential: String): String {
+        val conn = open("/v1/account", "GET", credential)
+        val text = body(conn)
+        check(conn.responseCode == 200) { "account status failed: ${conn.responseCode} $text" }
+        return text
+    }
+
     fun observations(credential: String, sessionId: String): String {
         val conn = open("/v1/sessions/$sessionId/observations", "GET", credential)
         val text = body(conn)

echolot-app/core-protocol/src/main/kotlin/app/echo_lot/protocol/Enrollment.kt

@@ -45,11 +45,22 @@ data class EnrollmentLink(
      * the reason the pin travels in the link at all.
      */
     fun redeem(deviceName: String? = null, appVersion: String = ""): Enrolled {
-        val client = ControlClient(controlUrl, setOf(pin), appVersion)
+        // The link may name the server's public address rather than its control endpoint, so that
+        // a person is handed a name they recognise. Ask where to actually connect.
+        //
+        // Only the address comes from here. The pin still comes from the link, because a pin
+        // fetched over an ordinary TLS connection would be worth exactly what the certificate
+        // authorities are worth — and pinning exists to survive one the operator does not
+        // control, such as a root injected by corporate device management. An intercepted
+        // discovery can therefore send this device to the wrong host, where the pin will not
+        // match: an outage, not a compromise.
+        val endpoint = discover(controlUrl) ?: controlUrl
+        val client = ControlClient(endpoint, setOf(pin), appVersion)
         val response = client.enroll(token, deviceName)
         val profile = client.profile(response.credential)
         return Enrolled(
-            controlUrl = controlUrl,
+            controlUrl = endpoint,
+            publicUrl = controlUrl,
             pin = pin,
             credential = response.credential,
             deviceId = response.deviceId,
@@ -57,6 +68,29 @@ data class EnrollmentLink(
         )
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Asks a server where its control plane lives. Null when it does not say, or cannot be asked.
+     *
+     * Deliberately forgiving: a server that predates this, or one whose link already names the
+     * control endpoint directly, simply answers nothing and the link's own URL is used. Enrollment
+     * must not start failing because an optional lookup did.
+     */
+    private fun discover(publicUrl: String): String? = runCatching {
+        val conn = (java.net.URL(publicUrl.trimEnd('/') + "/v1/discover").openConnection()
+            as java.net.HttpURLConnection).apply {
+            connectTimeout = 8_000
+            readTimeout = 8_000
+            setRequestProperty("Accept", "application/json")
+        }
+        if (conn.responseCode !in 200..299) return null
+        val body = conn.inputStream.bufferedReader().use { it.readText() }
+        kotlinx.serialization.json.Json { ignoreUnknownKeys = true }
+            .parseToJsonElement(body)
+            .let { (it as kotlinx.serialization.json.JsonObject)["control_url"] }
+            ?.let { (it as kotlinx.serialization.json.JsonPrimitive).content }
+            ?.takeIf { it.isNotBlank() }
+    }.getOrNull()
+
     companion object {
         const val SCHEME = "echolot"
         const val HOST = "enroll"
@@ -111,7 +145,15 @@ data class EnrollmentLink(
 
 /** A server this device is now enrolled with, ready to be stored in settings. */
 data class Enrolled(
+    /** Where this device connects: the endpoint whose certificate the pin matches. */
     val controlUrl: String,
+    /**
+     * The address a person was given, kept for display.
+     *
+     * Shown instead of [controlUrl] because the endpoint is plumbing — it exists to select a
+     * certificate — while this is the name the operator handed out and would recognise.
+     */
+    val publicUrl: String,
     val pin: String,
     val credential: String,
     val deviceId: String,

echolot-app/core-protocol/src/main/kotlin/app/echo_lot/protocol/Model.kt

@@ -29,6 +29,15 @@ data class Target(
     val id: String,
     val ip4: String? = null,
     val ip6: String? = null,
+    /**
+     * The second address, which RFC 5780 behaviour discovery redirects to.
+     *
+     * Worth surfacing rather than treating as an implementation detail: a report that says "the
+     * server did not answer" means something different depending on which of its addresses was
+     * asked, and an operator reading one needs to be able to tell.
+     */
+    @SerialName("ip4_alt") val ip4Alt: String? = null,
+    @SerialName("ip6_alt") val ip6Alt: String? = null,
     @SerialName("udp_port") val udpPort: Int = 0,
     @SerialName("tcp_port") val tcpPort: Int = 0,
     @SerialName("stun_port") val stunPort: Int = 0,
@@ -74,6 +83,25 @@ data class CompatInfo(
     @SerialName("app_max") val appMax: String = "",
 )
 
+/**
+ * How to sign in to this server's identity provider, advertised so the app can offer the button
+ * only when there is something behind it — and drive the flow without anyone typing an issuer URL.
+ */
+@Serializable
+data class AuthInfo(
+    val enabled: Boolean = false,
+    val issuer: String = "",
+    @SerialName("client_id") val clientId: String = "",
+    val flow: String = "",
+    @SerialName("redirect_uri") val redirectUri: String = "",
+    val scopes: String = "openid profile email",
+    @SerialName("authorization_endpoint") val authorizationEndpoint: String = "",
+    @SerialName("token_endpoint") val tokenEndpoint: String = "",
+    @SerialName("end_session_endpoint") val endSessionEndpoint: String = "",
+    /** Present when the server has an issuer configured but could not reach it. */
+    @SerialName("discovery_error") val discoveryError: String? = null,
+)
+
 @Serializable
 data class Profile(
     @SerialName("profile_version") val profileVersion: Int = 0,
@@ -86,6 +114,7 @@ data class Profile(
     val pins: List<String> = emptyList(),
     val uploads: UploadPolicy = UploadPolicy(),
     val compat: CompatInfo = CompatInfo(),
+    val auth: AuthInfo = AuthInfo(),
 ) {
     fun supports(capability: String) = capability in capabilities
 }

echolot-app/core-protocol/src/main/kotlin/app/echo_lot/protocol/OidcLogin.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Echolot contributors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+package app.echo_lot.protocol
+
+import kotlinx.serialization.json.Json
+import kotlinx.serialization.json.jsonObject
+import kotlinx.serialization.json.jsonPrimitive
+import java.io.IOException
+import java.net.HttpURLConnection
+import java.net.URL
+import java.net.URLEncoder
+import java.security.MessageDigest
+import java.security.SecureRandom
+import java.util.Base64
+
+/**
+ * Sign-in for the app: authorization code with PKCE (RFC 7636).
+ *
+ * The app is a *public* client — it ships to devices, so any secret compiled into it can be read
+ * out of the APK with `unzip` and `strings`. PKCE is what replaces the client secret, and it
+ * defends a specific attack that matters here more than most places: the redirect comes back
+ * through a custom URI scheme, and on Android *any* app may register `echolot://`. A malicious one
+ * could intercept the callback and take the authorization code. Because the code can only be
+ * exchanged by presenting the verifier — which never left this process and cannot be derived from
+ * the challenge that did — a stolen code is worth nothing.
+ *
+ * Nothing from the IdP is kept afterwards. The ID token is used once, to prove to the server who
+ * is signing in, and then discarded: the device credential is what authenticates every later
+ * request. So there are no access tokens to store, no refresh tokens to rotate, and no token
+ * lifetime for the app to manage.
+ */
+object OidcLogin {
+
+    /** A started sign-in. [verifier] and [state] must survive until the callback returns. */
+    data class Pending(val authorizationUrl: String, val verifier: String, val state: String)
+
+    /**
+     * Builds the authorization URL and the secrets that must be held until the callback.
+     *
+     * Everything comes from the server's profile rather than being compiled in, so pointing the
+     * app at a different server with a different IdP is configuration, not a rebuild.
+     */
+    fun begin(auth: AuthInfo, random: SecureRandom = SecureRandom()): Pending {
+        require(auth.enabled && auth.authorizationEndpoint.isNotBlank()) {
+            "this server has no identity provider configured"
+        }
+        val verifier = randomUrlSafe(random)
+        val state = randomUrlSafe(random)
+        val challenge = b64(MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256").digest(verifier.toByteArray()))
+
+        val q = buildString {
+            append("response_type=code")
+            append("&client_id=").append(enc(auth.clientId))
+            append("&redirect_uri=").append(enc(auth.redirectUri))
+            append("&scope=").append(enc(auth.scopes))
+            append("&state=").append(enc(state))
+            append("&code_challenge=").append(enc(challenge))
+            append("&code_challenge_method=S256")
+        }
+        val sep = if (auth.authorizationEndpoint.contains('?')) "&" else "?"
+        return Pending(auth.authorizationEndpoint + sep + q, verifier, state)
+    }
+
+    /** What came back on the `echolot://auth` redirect. */
+    data class Callback(val code: String?, val state: String?, val error: String?)
+
+    /** Parses the redirect URI the browser handed back to the app. */
+    fun parseCallback(uri: String): Callback {
+        val q = uri.substringAfter('?', "")
+        var code: String? = null
+        var state: String? = null
+        var error: String? = null
+        for (pair in q.split('&')) {
+            val k = pair.substringBefore('=')
+            val v = dec(pair.substringAfter('=', ""))
+            when (k) {
+                "code" -> code = v
+                "state" -> state = v
+                "error" -> error = v
+                "error_description" -> if (error != null) error = "$error: $v"
+            }
+        }
+        return Callback(code, state, error)
+    }
+
+    /** The sign-in failed in a way worth showing someone, rather than a transport error. */
+    class LoginFailed(message: String) : Exception(message)
+
+    /**
+     * Exchanges the code for an ID token.
+     *
+     * The state is compared before anything else happens. A callback whose state does not match
+     * the one this process generated did not come from a flow this process started — which is
+     * precisely how an attacker gets a victim to complete *their* login — so it is refused before
+     * the code is spent.
+     */
+    fun complete(auth: AuthInfo, pending: Pending, callbackUri: String): String {
+        val cb = parseCallback(callbackUri)
+        if (cb.error != null) throw LoginFailed(cb.error)
+        if (cb.state.isNullOrEmpty() || cb.state != pending.state) {
+            throw LoginFailed("this sign-in did not start on this device — start again")
+        }
+        val code = cb.code ?: throw LoginFailed("the identity provider returned no authorization code")
+
+        val body = buildString {
+            append("grant_type=authorization_code")
+            append("&code=").append(enc(code))
+            append("&redirect_uri=").append(enc(auth.redirectUri))
+            append("&client_id=").append(enc(auth.clientId))
+            append("&code_verifier=").append(enc(pending.verifier))
+        }
+        val conn = (URL(auth.tokenEndpoint).openConnection() as HttpURLConnection).apply {
+            requestMethod = "POST"
+            doOutput = true
+            connectTimeout = 15_000
+            readTimeout = 15_000
+            setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
+            setRequestProperty("Accept", "application/json")
+        }
+        conn.outputStream.use { it.write(body.toByteArray()) }
+        val text = try {
+            val stream = if (conn.responseCode in 200..299) conn.inputStream else conn.errorStream
+            stream?.bufferedReader()?.use { it.readText() } ?: ""
+        } catch (e: IOException) {
+            throw LoginFailed("could not reach the identity provider: ${e.message}")
+        }
+        if (conn.responseCode !in 200..299) {
+            throw LoginFailed("the identity provider refused the sign-in (${conn.responseCode})")
+        }
+        val idToken = runCatching {
+            Json.parseToJsonElement(text).jsonObject["id_token"]?.jsonPrimitive?.content
+        }.getOrNull()
+        return idToken?.takeIf { it.isNotBlank() }
+            ?: throw LoginFailed("the identity provider returned no id_token")
+    }
+
+    private fun randomUrlSafe(random: SecureRandom): String =
+        ByteArray(32).also(random::nextBytes).let(::b64)
+
+    private fun b64(b: ByteArray): String = Base64.getUrlEncoder().withoutPadding().encodeToString(b)
+    private fun enc(s: String): String = URLEncoder.encode(s, "UTF-8")
+    private fun dec(s: String): String =
+        runCatching { java.net.URLDecoder.decode(s, "UTF-8") }.getOrDefault(s)
+}

echolot-app/core-protocol/src/test/kotlin/app/echo_lot/protocol/OidcLoginTest.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Echolot contributors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+package app.echo_lot.protocol
+
+import java.security.SecureRandom
+import kotlin.test.Test
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertFailsWith
+import kotlin.test.assertNotEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertTrue
+
+class OidcLoginTest {
+
+    private val auth = AuthInfo(
+        enabled = true,
+        issuer = "https://id.example.net/application/o/echolot-app/",
+        clientId = "the-client",
+        redirectUri = "echolot://auth",
+        scopes = "openid profile email",
+        authorizationEndpoint = "https://id.example.net/application/o/authorize/",
+        tokenEndpoint = "https://id.example.net/application/o/token/",
+    )
+
+    @Test
+    fun theAuthorizationUrlCarriesEverythingTheIdPNeeds() {
+        val p = OidcLogin.begin(auth)
+        val url = p.authorizationUrl
+        assertTrue(url.startsWith(auth.authorizationEndpoint + "?"), url)
+        for (part in listOf(
+            "response_type=code",
+            "client_id=the-client",
+            "redirect_uri=echolot%3A%2F%2Fauth",
+            "code_challenge_method=S256",
+            "scope=openid+profile+email",
+        )) {
+            assertTrue(url.contains(part), "missing $part in $url")
+        }
+        assertTrue(url.contains("code_challenge="), url)
+        // The verifier itself must never appear in the URL — that is the entire point of PKCE.
+        assertTrue(!url.contains(p.verifier), "the code verifier leaked into the authorize URL")
+    }
+
+    // Two sign-ins must not share a verifier or state, or one intercepted flow compromises the next.
+    @Test
+    fun everySignInGetsFreshSecrets() {
+        val a = OidcLogin.begin(auth, SecureRandom())
+        val b = OidcLogin.begin(auth, SecureRandom())
+        assertNotEquals(a.verifier, b.verifier)
+        assertNotEquals(a.state, b.state)
+        assertTrue(a.verifier.length >= 43, "verifier is shorter than RFC 7636 allows")
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun parsesTheRedirectTheBrowserHandsBack() {
+        val cb = OidcLogin.parseCallback("echolot://auth?code=abc123&state=xyz")
+        assertEquals("abc123", cb.code)
+        assertEquals("xyz", cb.state)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun parsesAnErrorRedirect() {
+        val cb = OidcLogin.parseCallback("echolot://auth?error=access_denied&error_description=User%20said%20no")
+        assertEquals("access_denied", cb.error?.substringBefore(":"))
+        assertTrue(cb.code == null)
+    }
+
+    // A callback whose state does not match is how an attacker gets someone to complete *their*
+    // sign-in. It must be refused before the code is spent, without any network call.
+    @Test
+    fun aMismatchedStateIsRefusedBeforeTheCodeIsSpent() {
+        val p = OidcLogin.begin(auth)
+        val e = assertFailsWith<OidcLogin.LoginFailed> {
+            OidcLogin.complete(auth, p, "echolot://auth?code=stolen&state=not-ours")
+        }
+        assertTrue(e.message!!.contains("did not start on this device"), e.message!!)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun aMissingStateIsRefused() {
+        val p = OidcLogin.begin(auth)
+        assertFailsWith<OidcLogin.LoginFailed> {
+            OidcLogin.complete(auth, p, "echolot://auth?code=abc")
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun anErrorRedirectSurfacesTheReason() {
+        val p = OidcLogin.begin(auth)
+        val e = assertFailsWith<OidcLogin.LoginFailed> {
+            OidcLogin.complete(auth, p, "echolot://auth?error=access_denied&state=${p.state}")
+        }
+        assertTrue(e.message!!.contains("access_denied"))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun refusesToStartWhenTheServerHasNoIdentityProvider() {
+        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> { OidcLogin.begin(AuthInfo(enabled = false)) }
+    }
+}

echolot-app/core-shizuku/src/main/kotlin/app/echo_lot/shizuku/ShizukuAvailability.kt

@@ -98,20 +98,32 @@ object ShizukuAvailability {
             .addFlags(android.content.Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK)
 
     /**
-     * Reports the state now and on every binder transition. Returns a function that removes the
+     * Reports the state now, on every binder transition, and when a permission request is
-     * listeners again (call it from onCleared).
+     * answered. Returns a function that removes the listeners again (call it from onCleared).
+     *
+     * The permission listener matters as much as the binder ones: granting permission does not
+     * make the binder arrive or die, so without it the banner still read "running but not
+     * authorised" after the user had just authorised it — the one moment they are looking for
+     * confirmation that it worked.
+     *
+     * It is still not sufficient on its own. Permission can be granted inside Shizuku's own app,
+     * where nothing calls back into this process at all, so callers should re-check on resume as
+     * well; see [current].
      */
     fun observe(context: Context, onChange: (State) -> Unit): () -> Unit {
         val app = context.applicationContext
         val received = Shizuku.OnBinderReceivedListener { onChange(current(app)) }
         val dead = Shizuku.OnBinderDeadListener { onChange(current(app)) }
+        val permission = Shizuku.OnRequestPermissionResultListener { _, _ -> onChange(current(app)) }
         // "Sticky" fires immediately if the binder already arrived before we registered.
         runCatching { Shizuku.addBinderReceivedListenerSticky(received) }
         runCatching { Shizuku.addBinderDeadListener(dead) }
+        runCatching { Shizuku.addRequestPermissionResultListener(permission) }
         onChange(current(app))
         return {
             runCatching { Shizuku.removeBinderReceivedListener(received) }
             runCatching { Shizuku.removeBinderDeadListener(dead) }
+            runCatching { Shizuku.removeRequestPermissionResultListener(permission) }
         }
     }
 }

echolot-app/scripts/enroll-link.sh

@@ -5,8 +5,13 @@
 # Mints an enrollment link on the probe server and prints it — as text, as a QR code if
 # `qrencode` is around, and as an adb command if a device is attached.
 #
-# The admin listener is localhost-only by design, so this goes over SSH. The link carries a
+# The link is minted by the server binary on the host rather than over HTTP. The admin API this
-# single-use bearer token: treat it like a password until it is redeemed.
+# used to call is gone: the admin UI that replaced it is authenticated, as it should be, and
+# adding a second unauthenticated door on loopback is what briefly exposed the old one to the
+# network. A root shell on the host needs no authentication anyway — whoever has one already has
+# every privilege the server has.
+#
+# The link carries a single-use bearer token: treat it like a password until it is redeemed.
 #
 # Usage: echolot-app/scripts/enroll-link.sh [note]
 set -euo pipefail
@@ -14,13 +19,18 @@ set -euo pipefail
 SSH_HOST="${ECHOLOT_SSH:-claude-echolot}"
 NOTE="${1:-manual}"
 
-MINTED=$(ssh -o BatchMode=yes "$SSH_HOST" \
+# The env file is sourced rather than assumed: the state directory and the public URL live there,
-  "curl -s -X POST 'http://127.0.0.1:8444/admin/enroll-tokens?note=$NOTE'")
+# and minting against the wrong state directory would produce a token the running server has
+# never heard of.
+REMOTE='set -a; . /etc/echolot/server.env; set +a;
+        exec /usr/local/bin/echolot-server --mint-enroll-token'
+RAW=$(ssh -o BatchMode=yes "$SSH_HOST" "sudo sh -c \"$REMOTE '$NOTE'\"" 2>/dev/null || true)
+URI=$(printf '%s' "$RAW" | tr -d '\r' | grep -m1 '^echolot://enroll' || true)
 
-URI=$(printf '%s' "$MINTED" | python -c 'import json,sys;print(json.load(sys.stdin).get("enroll_uri",""))')
 if [ -z "$URI" ]; then
-  echo "server returned no enroll_uri (needs server-v0.5.4+):" >&2
+  echo "could not mint a link — needs a server with --mint-enroll-token (v0.9.7+)." >&2
-  echo "$MINTED" >&2
+  echo "raw response:" >&2
+  printf '%s\n' "$RAW" >&2
   exit 1
 fi
 

server/Dockerfile

@@ -22,4 +22,7 @@ VOLUME ["/state"]
 # the data plane must see real client source addresses/TTLs, and Docker's
 # userland NAT would falsify exactly what this server exists to observe.
 EXPOSE 8441/tcp 8442/udp 8443/tcp
+# The verb is explicit here too, so `docker run <image>` serves and `docker run <image> --help`
+# still works by overriding the command.
 ENTRYPOINT ["/echolot-server"]
+CMD ["--serve"]

server/README.md

@@ -106,9 +106,7 @@ ECHOLOT_UDP_LISTEN=203.0.113.10:8442,203.0.113.11:8442,[2001:db8::10]:8442,[2001
 
 Passing `--self-update-api` to `--install-systemd` additionally installs a daily randomized
 self-update timer (`echolot-server-update.timer`) that restarts the service after a successful
-update. Updates are checksum-verified against the release's `SHA256SUMS` (integrity, not
+update.
-authenticity — signature verification remains TODO before treating the update source as
-untrusted).
 
 ### Self-update (opt-in, native only)
 
@@ -119,14 +117,24 @@ echolot-server --self-update \
 
 Fetches the newest `server-v*` release asset for this OS/arch and atomically replaces the
 binary; systemd's `Restart=` brings up the new version. Run it from a systemd timer for
-unattended updates. TODO before enabling anywhere untrusted: signature verification of the
+unattended updates.
-downloaded asset.
+
+Releases are trusted by signature, not by host: CI signs `SHA256SUMS` with an ed25519 key that
+exists only in its secret store (`RELEASE_SIGNING_KEY`), and the updater verifies
+`SHA256SUMS.sig` against the public key baked into the binary before believing any checksum —
+an unsigned or re-signed release is refused, so a compromised Gitea can withhold updates but not
+inject one. Running your own release pipeline? Mint a keypair with
+`go run ./cmd/release-sign -gen`, set the secret, and point `ECHOLOT_SELF_UPDATE_PUBKEY` (or
+`--self-update-pubkey`) at your public key.
 
 ## First contact
 
 ```sh
-# 1. mint an enrollment token (admin listener is loopback-only)
+# 1. mint an enrollment token (admin listener is loopback-only; authenticates as the
-curl -s -X POST 'http://127.0.0.1:8444/admin/enroll-tokens?note=phone'
+#    break-glass admin — set that once with --set-admin-password)
+curl -s -u admin:<password> -H 'Accept: application/json' \
+  -X POST 'http://127.0.0.1:8444/admin/enroll-tokens?note=phone'
+# → { "token": "…", "expires_in_s": 86400, "enroll_uri": "echolot://enroll?…" }
 # 2. device enrolls with it (normally via the echolot:// QR code)
 curl -sk -X POST https://<host>:8443/v1/enroll -H 'Authorization: Bearer <token>'
 # 3. device fetches its profile
@@ -144,5 +152,43 @@ go vet ./...
 
 CI (`.gitea/workflows/build-server.yml`): tests on every push touching `server/`;
 tagging `server-v1.2.3` builds + pushes the container image to the Gitea registry and
-attaches static linux amd64/arm64 binaries (+ SHA256SUMS) to a release — the same
+attaches static linux amd64/arm64 binaries (+ signed SHA256SUMS) to a release — the same
 artifacts `--self-update` consumes.
+
+## TLS for the admin UI
+
+The binary terminates TLS itself; there is no reverse proxy in the design. It already serves TLS
+for the control plane, so this is reuse rather than new machinery, and it keeps the "one process,
+one config file" property. A proxy would also invite someone to eventually front the control plane
+too — which would break SPKI pinning, because clients pin *that* certificate's key.
+
+```
+ECHOLOT_ADMIN_LISTEN=[2001:db8::2]:443
+ECHOLOT_ADMIN_TLS_CERT=/etc/echolot/admin.pem
+ECHOLOT_ADMIN_TLS_KEY=/etc/echolot/admin.key
+ECHOLOT_ADMIN_BASE_URL=https://admin.example.net
+```
+
+Certificates come from any ACME client. **DNS-01 is the one to use here**: it needs no inbound
+port 80, which matters on a host where 80 is awkward or already spoken for.
+
+```sh
+acme.sh --issue --dns dns_cf -d admin.example.net \
+  --key-file       /etc/echolot/admin.key \
+  --fullchain-file /etc/echolot/admin.pem
+```
+
+**No reload hook is needed.** The certificate is re-read when the files change, so a renewal that
+drops new files in place is picked up on the next handshake. That is deliberate: a reload hook is
+the part of a renewal setup that quietly stops working, months later, and is noticed only once the
+certificate has already expired. A torn write — renewal tools write cert and key separately — keeps
+the previous certificate rather than failing the listener.
+
+Serving the admin UI in plaintext on a non-loopback address is refused: the session cookie is a
+bearer credential for everything the server can do, and the OIDC authorization code arrives in a
+URL. Bind to loopback and use an SSH tunnel (`ssh -L 8444:localhost:8444 host`), supply a
+certificate, or set `ECHOLOT_ADMIN_INSECURE=1` if you mean it.
+
+The control-plane certificate is deliberately *not* hot-reloaded. Clients pin its public key, so
+replacing it is a rotation an operator should have to think about, not something that happens
+because a file changed.

server/cmd/echolot-server/main.go

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 package main
 
 import (
+	"bufio"
 	"context"
 	"crypto/ecdsa"
 	"crypto/elliptic"
@@ -18,7 +19,6 @@ import (
 	"crypto/tls"
 	"crypto/x509"
 	"crypto/x509/pkix"
-	"encoding/json"
 	"encoding/pem"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
@@ -36,11 +36,17 @@ import (
 	"syscall"
 	"time"
 
+	"echo-lot.app/server/internal/acmehttp"
+	"echo-lot.app/server/internal/adminauth"
+	"echo-lot.app/server/internal/adminui"
 	"echo-lot.app/server/internal/canarydns"
+	"echo-lot.app/server/internal/certreload"
 	"echo-lot.app/server/internal/compat"
 	"echo-lot.app/server/internal/config"
 	"echo-lot.app/server/internal/control"
 	"echo-lot.app/server/internal/dataplane"
+	"echo-lot.app/server/internal/oidc"
+	"echo-lot.app/server/internal/ratelimit"
 	"echo-lot.app/server/internal/runs"
 	"echo-lot.app/server/internal/selftest"
 	"echo-lot.app/server/internal/selfupdate"
@@ -69,6 +75,30 @@ func run() error {
 	control.Version = Version
 
 	switch {
+	case actions.Help:
+		// Compatibility shim for one release.
+		//
+		// Serving became an explicit verb, but self-update is run by the *old* binary — so the
+		// repair added to the updater cannot fix the very update that installs the new one. A
+		// unit written before this change starts us with no arguments, and without this branch
+		// the service would simply stop working, unattended, on a host nobody is watching.
+		//
+		// Only when systemd started us: INVOCATION_ID is set by systemd for every service
+		// invocation and by nothing else, so a person at a terminal still gets usage. Remove
+		// this once no deployment predates --serve.
+		if os.Getenv("INVOCATION_ID") != "" {
+			slog.Warn("started by systemd with no verb — this unit predates --serve; " +
+				"repairing it and serving anyway")
+			if repaired, err := system.RepairExecStart(); err != nil {
+				slog.Error("could not repair the unit; fix ExecStart by hand", "err", err)
+			} else if repaired {
+				slog.Info("systemd unit updated to pass --serve")
+			}
+			return serve(cfg)
+		}
+		config.Usage(os.Stderr)
+		os.Exit(2)
+		return nil
 	case actions.Version:
 		fmt.Println(Version)
 		return nil
@@ -79,17 +109,87 @@ func run() error {
 		return system.InstallSystemd(cfg.SelfUpdateAPI)
 	case actions.UninstallSystemd:
 		return system.UninstallSystemd()
+	case actions.SetAdminPassword:
+		return setAdminPassword(cfg)
+	case actions.MintEnrollToken != "":
+		return mintEnrollToken(cfg, actions.MintEnrollToken)
 	case actions.SelfUpdate:
-		return selfupdate.Run(cfg.SelfUpdateAPI, Version)
+		return selfupdate.Run(cfg.SelfUpdateAPI, cfg.SelfUpdatePubKey, Version)
 	}
 	return serve(cfg)
 }
 
+// mintEnrollToken prints a §2.1 bootstrap link for a new device.
+//
+// The link is assembled here rather than by hand because it has to carry the public URL and the
+// base64 SPKI pin percent-encoded correctly, and a pin wrong by one character fails later as an
+// inscrutable TLS error rather than as a bad pin.
+func mintEnrollToken(cfg *config.Config, note string) error {
+	st, err := store.Open(cfg.StateDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("state store: %w", err)
+	}
+	cert, err := loadOrCreateCert(cfg)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("tls: %w", err)
+	}
+	pin, err := control.SpkiPinB64(cert)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("pin: %w", err)
+	}
+	tok, err := st.NewEnrollToken(24*time.Hour, note)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	base := cfg.PublicControlURL
+	if base == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("set ECHOLOT_PUBLIC_URL so the link can say where to connect")
+	}
+	fmt.Println(control.EnrollmentURI(base, pin, tok))
+	// stderr, so piping the command somewhere yields the link alone.
+	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "\nSingle use, valid 24 hours. Treat it like a password until spent.")
+	return nil
+}
+
+// controlURL is the address devices connect to: the hostname that selects the pinned certificate.
+//
+// Falls back to the public URL when no separate control hostname is configured, so a server that
+// does not share the admin port keeps answering discovery with something usable.
+func controlURL(cfg *config.Config) string {
+	if cfg.ControlHostname == "" {
+		return cfg.PublicControlURL
+	}
+	return "https://" + cfg.ControlHostname
+}
+
 func serve(cfg *config.Config) error {
 	slog.Info("echolot-server starting", "version", Version, "mode",
 		map[bool]string{true: "container", false: "native"}[cfg.Docker],
 		"state_dir", cfg.StateDir)
 
+	// The reserved addresses' proof is only as good as 80/443 actually being free there.
+	// CheckReserved already keeps OUR listeners away, but a process outside this config pollutes
+	// them just as silently — the adb-beacon receiver on 0.0.0.0:443 did exactly that. So ask
+	// the OS, not the config. A hard stop for the same reason CheckReserved is one: the failure
+	// is invisible, and its first symptom is a measurement calling an intercepted network clean.
+	if reserved := cfg.ReservedIPs(); len(reserved) > 0 {
+		occupied, unverifiable := selftest.ReservedWebPortsFree(reserved)
+		if len(occupied) > 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf(
+				"refusing to start: something outside this server is listening on reserved "+
+					"measurement address(es) %s\n"+
+					"The interception proof those addresses exist for is void while anything "+
+					"answers there.\nFind it with `ss -tlnp | grep -E ':(80|443) '`, stop it, "+
+					"or remove the address from ECHOLOT_RESERVED_ADDRS if it is no longer reserved",
+				strings.Join(occupied, ", "))
+		}
+		for _, u := range unverifiable {
+			// Not fatal: an address with a typo, or one this host no longer carries, is a
+			// config problem — refusing to serve over it would take the whole instrument down.
+			slog.Warn("could not verify a reserved web port is free", "addr", u)
+		}
+	}
+
 	st, err := store.Open(cfg.StateDir)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("state store: %w", err)
@@ -106,6 +206,16 @@ func serve(cfg *config.Config) error {
 
 	sessions := session.NewManager(15 * time.Minute)
 	dp := &dataplane.Server{Sessions: sessions}
+	// Spec §2.5 ceilings. Control plane answers 429; the data plane drops silently. 0 = off.
+	if cfg.RateUDPPps > 0 {
+		pps := float64(cfg.RateUDPPps)
+		// Burst of two seconds' worth: a 5000-packet train arrives as one burst by design.
+		dp.PacketRate = ratelimit.New(pps, 2*pps)
+	}
+	if cfg.RateUDPKbps > 0 {
+		bytesPerSec := float64(cfg.RateUDPKbps) * 125 // kbps -> bytes/s
+		dp.ByteRate = ratelimit.New(bytesPerSec, bytesPerSec)
+	}
 	// TCP echo shares the control cert for its elt-echo TLS variant.
 	tcpSrv := &tcpecho.Server{
 		TLSConfig: &tls.Config{Certificates: []tls.Certificate{cert}, MinVersion: tls.VersionTLS12},
@@ -150,7 +260,43 @@ func serve(cfg *config.Config) error {
 	slog.Info("client compatibility", "accepts_app", appRange.String(),
 		"protocol", control.ProtocolVersion, "schema", control.SchemaVersion)
 
+	// Identity is optional. Without an issuer the server simply has no sign-in, and
+	// uploads=account can never be satisfied — which is the honest outcome, not a silent
+	// downgrade to anonymous.
+	// One verifier per issuer. An IdP may mint a distinct issuer per application — Authentik
+	// derives it from the application slug — and a token's `iss` must match whoever signed it.
+	// Each verifier accepts only the client belonging to its own issuer, so a token minted for
+	// the phone cannot be replayed at the admin login and vice versa.
+	var idp, adminIdP *oidc.Verifier
+	appIssuer := cfg.OIDCAppIssuer
+	if appIssuer == "" {
+		appIssuer = cfg.OIDCIssuer // IdPs with one global issuer
+	}
+	if appIssuer != "" && cfg.OIDCAppClientID != "" {
+		idp = oidc.New(oidc.Config{
+			Issuer: appIssuer, AppClientID: cfg.OIDCAppClientID, AdminGroup: cfg.OIDCAdminGroup,
+		}, nil)
+		slog.Info("identity: app client", "issuer", appIssuer, "client_id", cfg.OIDCAppClientID)
+	}
+	if cfg.OIDCIssuer != "" && cfg.OIDCClientID != "" {
+		adminIdP = oidc.New(oidc.Config{
+			Issuer: cfg.OIDCIssuer, ClientID: cfg.OIDCClientID, AdminGroup: cfg.OIDCAdminGroup,
+		}, nil)
+		slog.Info("identity: admin client", "issuer", cfg.OIDCIssuer,
+			"client_id", cfg.OIDCClientID, "admin_group", cfg.OIDCAdminGroup)
+		if cfg.OIDCAdminGroup == "" {
+			slog.Warn("no admin group set: nobody will be an admin via OIDC " +
+				"(set ECHOLOT_OIDC_ADMIN_GROUP)")
+		}
+	}
+	if idp == nil && adminIdP == nil && cfg.UploadsMode == string(runs.ModeAccount) {
+		slog.Warn("uploads=account but no identity provider is configured — " +
+			"every upload will be refused")
+	}
+
+	ip4, ip6, ip4Alt, ip6Alt := cfg.MeasurementAddrs()
 	ctl := &control.Server{
+		IP4: ip4, IP6: ip6, IP4Alt: ip4Alt, IP6Alt: ip6Alt,
 		Store: st, Sessions: sessions, Name: cfg.Name,
 		UDPPort: mustPort(firstAddr(cfg.UDPListen)), TCPPort: mustPort(firstAddr(cfg.TCPListen)),
 		StunPort: mustPort(firstAddr(cfg.StunListen)), PinB64: pin, CertChain: cert.Certificate,
@@ -161,6 +307,8 @@ func serve(cfg *config.Config) error {
 		Runs:             runStore,
 		AppRange:         appRange,
 		PublicControlURL: publicControlURL(cfg),
+		OIDC:             idp,
+		AdminOIDC:        adminIdP,
 	}
 	// Left nil when there is no raw socket, so the handler answers "not implemented" with a
 	// reason rather than failing somewhere deeper.
@@ -168,6 +316,12 @@ func serve(cfg *config.Config) error {
 		ctl.FragSend = dp.FragSend
 	}
 	ctl.DownThroughput = dp.DownThroughput
+	if cfg.RateSessionsPerMin > 0 {
+		ctl.RateSessions = ratelimit.New(float64(cfg.RateSessionsPerMin)/60, float64(cfg.RateSessionsPerMin))
+	}
+	if cfg.RateActionsPerMin > 0 {
+		ctl.RateActions = ratelimit.New(float64(cfg.RateActionsPerMin)/60, float64(cfg.RateActionsPerMin))
+	}
 
 	ctx, stop := signal.NotifyContext(context.Background(), syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)
 	defer stop()
@@ -230,38 +384,173 @@ func serve(cfg *config.Config) error {
 		return best
 	}
 
-	// Admin/health (plain HTTP, localhost by default; spec §7)
+	// The admin interface. Every route except /healthz requires a session — the old arrangement
-	admin := http.NewServeMux()
+	// (no auth, kept safe by binding to loopback) failed the moment the address changed, and a
-	admin.HandleFunc("GET /healthz", func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+	// binding address is a deployment detail rather than an access control.
-		fmt.Fprintf(w, `{"ok":true,"version":%q}`, Version)
+	secret, err := st.SessionSecret()
-	})
+	if err != nil {
-	admin.HandleFunc("GET /admin/selftest", func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("admin session secret: %w", err)
-		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	}
-		_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(selftestPtr.Load())
+	adminSecure := cfg.AdminTLSCert != ""
-	})
+	ui := &adminui.Server{
-	// TODO(spec §7): enrollment token management + device list. Until the
+		Store:        st,
-	// admin UI exists, mint tokens with: echolot-admin (or curl on this
+		Runs:         runStore,
-	// listener once the endpoint lands).
+		OIDC:         adminIdP,
-	admin.HandleFunc("POST /admin/enroll-tokens", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		Sessions:     adminauth.NewSessions(secret, 12*time.Hour),
-		tok, err := st.NewEnrollToken(24*time.Hour, r.URL.Query().Get("note"))
+		Throttle:     adminauth.NewThrottle(),
+		AdminUser:    cfg.AdminUser,
+		BaseURL:      cfg.AdminBaseURL,
+		ClientSecret: cfg.OIDCClientSecret,
+		Secure:       adminSecure,
+		EnrollLink:   ctl.EnrollmentLink,
+		// Where devices should connect, for /v1/discover. Derived from the control hostname so it
+		// cannot drift from the name that actually selects the pinned certificate.
+		ControlURL:   controlURL(cfg),
+		ServerName:   cfg.Name,
+		SelfTest:     func() any { return selftestPtr.Load() },
+		Version:      Version,
+	}
+	if st.LocalAdmin() == nil && adminIdP == nil {
+		slog.Warn("nobody can sign in to the admin UI: no break-glass password is set " +
+			"(--set-admin-password) and no identity provider is configured")
+	}
+	admin := ui.Handler()
+
+	// One listener per configured address, all serving the same handler.
+	//
+	// Multi-address rather than a wildcard because this host reserves addresses for measurement:
+	// binding 0.0.0.0 would put the admin UI on port 443 of the reserved pair, and their value
+	// comes precisely from nothing answering there. Explicit addresses are also what let the
+	// service and management addresses differ without a second process.
+	adminAddrs := config.Addrs(cfg.AdminListen)
+	if len(adminAddrs) == 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("admin: no listen address configured")
+	}
+	var adminTLS *tls.Config
+	if cfg.AdminTLSCert != "" {
+		// Terminated here rather than behind a reverse proxy: this binary already serves TLS for
+		// the control plane, so it is reuse rather than new machinery, and one process with one
+		// config file is the property that makes this pleasant to run. A proxy would also invite
+		// someone to later front the control plane too, which would break SPKI pinning.
+		reloader, err := certreload.New(cfg.AdminTLSCert, cfg.AdminTLSKey)
 		if err != nil {
-			http.Error(w, err.Error(), 500)
+			return fmt.Errorf("admin TLS: %w", err)
+		}
+		adminTLS = reloader.TLSConfig()
+		if exp := reloader.NotAfter(); !exp.IsZero() {
+			slog.Info("admin UI TLS", "listen", adminAddrs, "cert_expires", exp.Format(time.RFC3339))
+			if time.Until(exp) < 14*24*time.Hour {
+				slog.Warn("admin certificate expires soon", "expires", exp.Format(time.RFC3339))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	// Kept for shutdown: each listener gets its own server, and a graceful stop has to reach all
+	// of them or an in-flight admin request is cut off mid-response on every address but one.
+	var adminSrvs []*http.Server
+	// Sharing port 443 between two services that cannot share a certificate. The name in the TLS
+	// handshake picks the certificate, and the name in the request picks the handler; both have to
+	// agree or a client would get the pinned certificate and the admin UI behind it.
+	//
+	// The control plane keeps its own listener as well. Devices enrolled before this carry the old
+	// URL in their settings, and taking that away would strand every one of them for the sake of a
+	// port number.
+	ctlHandler := ctl.Handler()
+	sharedCert := cert
+	// Which side of the port a request belongs to.
+	//
+	// The control hostname is the obvious case. A bare IP is the other one, and it matters: a
+	// client whose DNS has failed can still reach the server by an address it cached from the
+	// profile, and a measurement tool that cannot report from a broken network is useless
+	// precisely when it is needed. That client authenticates by pin, so the name it used to get
+	// here is not part of the trust decision.
+	//
+	// Safe to route that way because the admin UI is only ever reached by name: browsers always
+	// send SNI and nobody bookmarks an IP for a site with a Let's Encrypt certificate. Anything
+	// addressing this server numerically is a pinned client.
+	isControl := func(host string) bool {
+		if h, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(host); err == nil {
+			host = h
+		}
+		host = strings.Trim(host, "[]")
+		if cfg.ControlHostname != "" && strings.EqualFold(host, cfg.ControlHostname) {
+			return true
+		}
+		return net.ParseIP(host) != nil
+	}
+	pickCert := func(hi *tls.ClientHelloInfo) (*tls.Certificate, error) {
+		// No SNI at all also means a numeric client: every browser sends it.
+		if hi.ServerName == "" || isControl(hi.ServerName) {
+			return &sharedCert, nil
+		}
+		if adminTLS != nil && adminTLS.GetCertificate != nil {
+			return adminTLS.GetCertificate(hi)
+		}
+		return &sharedCert, nil
+	}
+	route := func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if isControl(r.Host) {
+			ctlHandler.ServeHTTP(w, r)
 			return
 		}
-		// The whole bootstrap, not just the token: this is what gets pasted or turned into a
+		admin.ServeHTTP(w, r)
-		// QR code, and assembling it here is what keeps an operator from transcribing a pin by
+	}
-		// hand — a pin wrong by one character fails as an inscrutable TLS error days later.
+	sharedTLS := &tls.Config{GetCertificate: pickCert, MinVersion: tls.VersionTLS12}
-		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	if cfg.ControlHostname != "" {
-		enc := json.NewEncoder(w)
+		slog.Info("control plane shares the admin port",
-		enc.SetEscapeHTML(false) // the link is full of / and =; escaping them helps nobody
+			"hostname", cfg.ControlHostname, "listen", adminAddrs)
-		_ = enc.Encode(map[string]any{
+	}
-			"token":        tok,
+
-			"expires_in_s": 86400,
+	for _, addr := range adminAddrs {
-			"enroll_uri":   ctl.EnrollmentLink(tok),
+		// Bound before the goroutine starts, so a bad address fails startup rather than being
-		})
+		// reported asynchronously after the process has already declared itself healthy.
-	})
+		ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", addr)
-	adminSrv := &http.Server{Addr: cfg.AdminListen, Handler: admin, ReadHeaderTimeout: 10 * time.Second}
+		if err != nil {
-	go func() { errCh <- fmt.Errorf("admin: %w", adminSrv.ListenAndServe()) }()
+			return fmt.Errorf("admin listen %s: %w", addr, err)
+		}
+		srv := &http.Server{
+			Handler:           http.HandlerFunc(route),
+			ReadHeaderTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
+			TLSConfig:         sharedTLS,
+		}
+		adminSrvs = append(adminSrvs, srv)
+		go func(ln net.Listener, addr string) {
+			// Plaintext only where there is no certificate at all — checkAdminExposure has
+			// already refused that anywhere but loopback.
+			if adminTLS == nil && cfg.ControlHostname == "" {
+				errCh <- fmt.Errorf("admin %s: %w", addr, srv.Serve(ln))
+				return
+			}
+			errCh <- fmt.Errorf("admin %s: %w", addr, srv.ServeTLS(ln, "", ""))
+		}(ln, addr)
+	}
+
+	// ACME HTTP-01 responder. Permanent rather than started per renewal: nothing binds and
+	// unbinds, so a renewal cannot fail because the port was briefly busy, and the ACME client
+	// needs only write access to a directory instead of the privilege to bind a low port.
+	if cfg.ACMEHTTPListen != "" {
+		webroot := cfg.ACMEWebroot
+		if webroot == "" {
+			webroot = filepath.Join(cfg.StateDir, "acme")
+		}
+		if err := acmehttp.EnsureWebroot(webroot); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("acme webroot: %w", err)
+		}
+		acmeHandler := acmehttp.Handler(webroot, cfg.AdminBaseURL)
+		for _, addr := range config.Addrs(cfg.ACMEHTTPListen) {
+			ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", addr)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("acme-http listen %s: %w", addr, err)
+			}
+			srv := &http.Server{Handler: acmeHandler, ReadHeaderTimeout: 10 * time.Second}
+			go func(ln net.Listener, addr string) {
+				errCh <- fmt.Errorf("acme-http %s: %w", addr, srv.Serve(ln))
+			}(ln, addr)
+		}
+		// Every address the name may resolve to needs the responder: the CA picks one, and a
+		// challenge that lands on an unbound address fails a renewal rather than a request.
+		slog.Info("acme http-01 responder", "listen", config.Addrs(cfg.ACMEHTTPListen),
+			"webroot", webroot, "redirects_to", cfg.AdminBaseURL)
+	}
 
 	// UDP data plane — one socket per configured address. Distinct sockets
 	// (not wildcard) also guarantee responses leave from the address the
@@ -326,7 +615,8 @@ func serve(cfg *config.Config) error {
 	var dnsTCP []net.Listener
 	if dnsAddrs := config.Addrs(cfg.DNSListen); len(dnsAddrs) > 0 && cfg.CanaryZone != "" {
 		v4, v6 := firstByFamily(dnsAddrs)
-		cd := canarydns.New(cfg.CanaryZone, cfg.Name, v4, v6)
+		cd := canarydns.New(cfg.CanaryZone, cfg.Name, v4, v6,
+			time.Duration(cfg.DNSLogRetentionH)*time.Hour)
 		for _, addr := range dnsAddrs {
 			ua, err := net.ResolveUDPAddr("udp", addr)
 			if err != nil {
@@ -352,7 +642,7 @@ func serve(cfg *config.Config) error {
 	}
 
 	slog.Info("listening",
-		"control", ctlAddrs, "admin", cfg.AdminListen, "udp", udpAddrs,
+		"control", ctlAddrs, "admin", adminAddrs, "udp", udpAddrs,
 		"tcp", config.Addrs(cfg.TCPListen), "stun", config.Addrs(cfg.StunListen),
 		"dns", config.Addrs(cfg.DNSListen), "capabilities", ctl.Capabilities)
 
@@ -362,7 +652,9 @@ func serve(cfg *config.Config) error {
 		shutCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
 		defer cancel()
 		_ = ctlSrv.Shutdown(shutCtx)
-		_ = adminSrv.Shutdown(shutCtx)
+		for _, srv := range adminSrvs {
+			_ = srv.Shutdown(shutCtx)
+		}
 		for _, c := range udpConns {
 			_ = c.Close()
 		}
@@ -493,3 +785,48 @@ func publicControlURL(cfg *config.Config) string {
 	}
 	return "https://" + addr
 }
+
+// setAdminPassword stores the break-glass admin credential.
+//
+// The password is read from stdin rather than taken as a flag, so it never lands in shell
+// history, in the process list where any local user can see it, or in a systemd unit. Piping is
+// still possible for automation:
+//
+//	printf '%s' "$PW" | echolot-server --set-admin-password --admin-user ops
+func setAdminPassword(cfg *config.Config) error {
+	st, err := store.Open(cfg.StateDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("state store: %w", err)
+	}
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "New password for %q (input is not echoed if this is a terminal): ", cfg.AdminUser)
+	pw, err := readSecret()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr)
+
+	cred, err := adminauth.NewCredential(cfg.AdminUser, pw)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := st.SetLocalAdmin(cred); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Break-glass admin %q set. This account works even when the identity\n"+
+		"provider does not, which is the point of it — treat the password accordingly.\n", cfg.AdminUser)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// readSecret reads one line from stdin, without echo where the terminal allows it.
+func readSecret() (string, error) {
+	restore, _ := system.DisableEcho(os.Stdin)
+	if restore != nil {
+		defer restore()
+	}
+	r := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin)
+	line, err := r.ReadString('\n')
+	if err != nil && line == "" {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return strings.TrimSpace(line), nil
+}

server/cmd/release-sign/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Echolot contributors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+// release-sign signs a release manifest (SHA256SUMS) with the project's ed25519 key, producing
+// the detached <file>.sig that self-updating servers verify before trusting the checksums.
+//
+//	release-sign -gen                    mint a keypair (seed on stdout — store it as the CI
+//	                                     secret RELEASE_SIGNING_KEY; publish the public key)
+//	release-sign <file>                  sign; key read from $RELEASE_SIGNING_KEY, writes <file>.sig
+//	release-sign -verify -pub <b64> <f>  check <f> against <f>.sig — what the updater will do
+//
+// Run from CI (build-server.yml); the private key exists only in the Actions secret store, never
+// on the release host, which is the property that makes the signature worth having.
+package main
+
+import (
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+
+	"echo-lot.app/server/internal/relsign"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	gen := flag.Bool("gen", false, "generate a keypair and exit")
+	verify := flag.Bool("verify", false, "verify <file> against <file>.sig instead of signing")
+	pub := flag.String("pub", "", "public key (base64) for -verify")
+	flag.Parse()
+
+	if err := run(*gen, *verify, *pub, flag.Args()); err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "release-sign:", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+}
+
+func run(gen, verify bool, pub string, args []string) error {
+	if gen {
+		pubB64, seedB64, err := relsign.GenerateKey()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		fmt.Printf("public key (embed / ECHOLOT_SELF_UPDATE_PUBKEY):\n%s\n\n"+
+			"private key (CI secret RELEASE_SIGNING_KEY — this is the only copy):\n%s\n",
+			pubB64, seedB64)
+		return nil
+	}
+	if len(args) != 1 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("usage: release-sign [-gen | -verify -pub <b64>] <file>")
+	}
+	file := args[0]
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(file)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if verify {
+		if pub == "" {
+			return fmt.Errorf("-verify needs -pub")
+		}
+		sig, err := os.ReadFile(file + ".sig")
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := relsign.Verify(pub, data, string(sig)); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		fmt.Printf("%s: signature OK\n", file)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	seed := os.Getenv("RELEASE_SIGNING_KEY")
+	if seed == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("RELEASE_SIGNING_KEY is not set — refusing to produce an unsigned release")
+	}
+	sig, err := relsign.Sign(seed, data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(file+".sig", []byte(sig+"\n"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("wrote %s.sig\n", file)
+	return nil
+}

server/go.mod

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
 module echo-lot.app/server
 
 go 1.24
+
+require github.com/skip2/go-qrcode v0.0.0-20200617195104-da1b6568686e // indirect

server/go.sum

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+github.com/skip2/go-qrcode v0.0.0-20200617195104-da1b6568686e h1:MRM5ITcdelLK2j1vwZ3Je0FKVCfqOLp5zO6trqMLYs0=
+github.com/skip2/go-qrcode v0.0.0-20200617195104-da1b6568686e/go.mod h1:XV66xRDqSt+GTGFMVlhk3ULuV0y9ZmzeVGR4mloJI3M=

server/internal/acmehttp/acmehttp.go

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Echolot contributors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+// Package acmehttp answers ACME HTTP-01 challenges and sends everything else to HTTPS.
+//
+// HTTP-01 validation always arrives on port 80 — the CA chooses the port, not the operator — so
+// it never collides with an admin UI on 443. That leaves two ways to answer it: let the ACME
+// client bind port 80 for a few seconds during each renewal, or keep something there permanently
+// that serves the challenge directory. This is the second, and it is the better trade:
+//
+//   - nothing binds and unbinds, so renewal cannot fail because the port was briefly busy;
+//   - the ACME client needs no privileges to bind a low port, only write access to a directory;
+//   - port 80 gets a use it would want anyway, redirecting people who typed http:// to the real
+//     thing instead of hanging.
+//
+// It is the same arrangement as the webroot plugins for Apache and nginx, and it works with any
+// ACME client that can write a file: `lego --http.webroot`, `certbot --webroot`, `acme.sh -w`.
+//
+// The ACME client stays an external program on purpose. lego is also a Go library, but importing
+// it would put a large dependency tree into a server that deliberately has none — and the CLI does
+// the same job from a timer.
+package acmehttp
+
+import (
+	"log/slog"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// ChallengePath is the fixed prefix ACME uses. It is not configurable, by the specification.
+const ChallengePath = "/.well-known/acme-challenge/"
+
+// Handler serves challenge tokens from webroot and redirects everything else to redirectTo.
+//
+// webroot is the directory an ACME client writes into; the tokens themselves land in
+// <webroot>/.well-known/acme-challenge/<token>, which is exactly what --http.webroot expects.
+func Handler(webroot, redirectTo string) http.Handler {
+	mux := http.NewServeMux()
+
+	mux.HandleFunc(ChallengePath, func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		token := strings.TrimPrefix(r.URL.Path, ChallengePath)
+		// Tokens are base64url from the CA. Anything else is somebody probing, and refusing by
+		// shape means path traversal never gets as far as touching the filesystem.
+		if token == "" || !validToken(token) {
+			http.NotFound(w, r)
+			return
+		}
+		body, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(webroot, filepath.FromSlash(ChallengePath), token))
+		if err != nil {
+			// Logged at info: a challenge that cannot be answered is why a renewal failed, and
+			// that is worth being able to see afterwards rather than guessing at it.
+			slog.Info("acme challenge not found", "token", token, "webroot", webroot)
+			http.NotFound(w, r)
+			return
+		}
+		slog.Info("answered acme challenge", "token", token, "from", r.RemoteAddr)
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/plain")
+		_, _ = w.Write(body)
+	})
+
+	mux.HandleFunc("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if redirectTo == "" {
+			http.Error(w, "this port serves ACME challenges only", http.StatusNotFound)
+			return
+		}
+		// 308 rather than 302: the method must not change, and the redirect is permanent in the
+		// sense that matters — this port will never serve the application.
+		http.Redirect(w, r, strings.TrimRight(redirectTo, "/")+r.URL.RequestURI(), http.StatusPermanentRedirect)
+	})
+
+	return mux
+}
+
+// validToken accepts only the base64url alphabet the ACME spec uses for tokens.
+//
+// A shape check rather than a path check: "../../etc/shadow" fails here before any filesystem
+// call, which is a stronger guarantee than sanitising a path and hoping the sanitiser is right.
+func validToken(s string) bool {
+	if len(s) > 128 {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, r := range s {
+		switch {
+		case r >= 'a' && r <= 'z', r >= 'A' && r <= 'Z', r >= '0' && r <= '9', r == '-', r == '_', r == '.':
+		default:
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	// A bare "." or ".." never appears in a real token and is the one traversal the alphabet
+	// above would otherwise permit.
+	return s != "." && s != ".."
+}
+
+// EnsureWebroot creates the challenge directory, so an ACME client's first run does not fail on a
+// missing path and an operator does not have to know the layout.
+func EnsureWebroot(webroot string) error {
+	return os.MkdirAll(filepath.Join(webroot, filepath.FromSlash(ChallengePath)), 0o755)
+}

server/internal/acmehttp/acmehttp_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Echolot contributors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+package acmehttp
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func serve(t *testing.T, redirectTo string) (http.Handler, string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	root := t.TempDir()
+	if err := EnsureWebroot(root); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return Handler(root, redirectTo), root
+}
+
+func TestServesAChallengeTokenWrittenByAnAcmeClient(t *testing.T) {
+	h, root := serve(t, "https://admin.example.net")
+	// Exactly what `lego --http.webroot` writes.
+	token := "abc-123_XYZ"
+	want := "abc-123_XYZ.keyauthorization-part"
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(root, ".well-known", "acme-challenge", token), []byte(want), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.ServeHTTP(rec, httptest.NewRequest("GET", ChallengePath+token, nil))
+	if rec.Code != 200 {
+		t.Fatalf("challenge not served: %d", rec.Code)
+	}
+	if rec.Body.String() != want {
+		t.Fatalf("body = %q, want %q", rec.Body.String(), want)
+	}
+}
+
+// The token comes from the network and is used to build a path. Rejecting by *shape* means
+// traversal never reaches the filesystem at all, which is a stronger guarantee than sanitising.
+func TestTraversalNeverTouchesTheFilesystem(t *testing.T) {
+	h, root := serve(t, "https://admin.example.net")
+	secret := filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(root), "secret.txt")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(secret, []byte("do not serve me"), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	for _, bad := range []string{
+		"../secret.txt",
+		"..%2Fsecret.txt",
+		"../../etc/passwd",
+		"..",
+		".",
+		"a/b",
+		"tok%20en", // a space arrives percent-encoded; a literal one is not a valid request line
+	} {
+		rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		h.ServeHTTP(rec, httptest.NewRequest("GET", ChallengePath+bad, nil))
+		if rec.Code == 200 && rec.Body.String() == "do not serve me" {
+			t.Fatalf("served a file outside the challenge directory via %q", bad)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEverythingElseRedirectsToHTTPS(t *testing.T) {
+	h, _ := serve(t, "https://admin.example.net")
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.ServeHTTP(rec, httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/devices?page=2", nil))
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusPermanentRedirect {
+		t.Fatalf("code = %d, want 308", rec.Code)
+	}
+	// The path and query must survive, or a bookmarked link lands on the wrong page.
+	if got := rec.Header().Get("Location"); got != "https://admin.example.net/devices?page=2" {
+		t.Fatalf("Location = %q", got)
+	}
+}
+
+// With no admin URL configured there is nowhere to send people, and inventing one would be worse
+// than saying so.
+func TestNoRedirectTargetIsHonest(t *testing.T) {
+	h, _ := serve(t, "")
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.ServeHTTP(rec, httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/", nil))
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusNotFound {
+		t.Fatalf("code = %d, want 404", rec.Code)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMissingTokenIsNotFound(t *testing.T) {
+	h, _ := serve(t, "https://admin.example.net")
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.ServeHTTP(rec, httptest.NewRequest("GET", ChallengePath+"never-written", nil))
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusNotFound {
+		t.Fatalf("code = %d, want 404", rec.Code)
+	}
+}

server/internal/adminauth/adminauth.go

@@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Echolot contributors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+// Package adminauth handles who may administer the server.
+//
+// Two ways in, deliberately:
+//
+//   - **OIDC**, the normal one. Identity lives in the operator's own IdP.
+//   - **A local admin password**, the break-glass one. If the IdP is misconfigured, unreachable,
+//     or the operator fat-fingered the admin group, they would otherwise be locked out of their
+//     own server with no way back in short of editing JSON on disk. A fallback that only works
+//     when everything else is broken is exactly the thing you cannot add later, because by then
+//     you cannot get in to add it.
+//
+// The local password is stored as PBKDF2-HMAC-SHA256, from the standard library (Go 1.24+), with
+// a per-credential salt. Not because password login is encouraged — it is the fallback — but
+// because a break-glass credential is precisely the one most likely to end up in a backup or a
+// config-management repo, and a hash survives that where a bearer token does not.
+//
+// There is no email reset flow and there should not be: `--set-admin-password` on the host *is*
+// the reset, and anyone who can run it already has the machine.
+package adminauth
+
+import (
+	"crypto/hmac"
+	"crypto/pbkdf2"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"crypto/subtle"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// iterations follows OWASP's guidance for PBKDF2-HMAC-SHA256. Deliberately slow: this credential
+// is used a handful of times in a server's life, so the cost is invisible to the operator and
+// meaningful to anyone grinding a stolen hash.
+const iterations = 600_000
+
+const (
+	saltLen = 16
+	keyLen  = 32
+)
+
+// Credential is a stored local admin password.
+type Credential struct {
+	Username   string `json:"username"`
+	Salt       string `json:"salt"` // hex
+	Hash       string `json:"hash"` // hex
+	Iterations int    `json:"iterations"`
+	Updated    string `json:"updated,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// NewCredential derives a stored credential from a plaintext password.
+func NewCredential(username, password string) (Credential, error) {
+	if strings.TrimSpace(username) == "" {
+		return Credential{}, errors.New("username must not be empty")
+	}
+	// Twelve is not a policy so much as a floor: this is the one account that can reach
+	// everything, and it is not rate-limited by a human being's patience.
+	if len(password) < 12 {
+		return Credential{}, errors.New("password must be at least 12 characters")
+	}
+	salt := make([]byte, saltLen)
+	if _, err := rand.Read(salt); err != nil {
+		return Credential{}, err
+	}
+	key, err := pbkdf2.Key(sha256.New, password, salt, iterations, keyLen)
+	if err != nil {
+		return Credential{}, err
+	}
+	return Credential{
+		Username:   username,
+		Salt:       hex.EncodeToString(salt),
+		Hash:       hex.EncodeToString(key),
+		Iterations: iterations,
+		Updated:    time.Now().UTC().Format(time.RFC3339),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// Verify checks a username and password against this credential.
+//
+// Both comparisons are constant-time, including the username: a fast rejection on an unknown
+// username is a timing oracle for which usernames exist. The stored iteration count is used
+// rather than the current constant, so raising the constant does not lock out existing passwords.
+func (c Credential) Verify(username, password string) bool {
+	if c.Username == "" || c.Hash == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	salt, err := hex.DecodeString(c.Salt)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	want, err := hex.DecodeString(c.Hash)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	iter := c.Iterations
+	if iter <= 0 {
+		iter = iterations
+	}
+	got, err := pbkdf2.Key(sha256.New, password, salt, iter, len(want))
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	userOK := subtle.ConstantTimeCompare([]byte(c.Username), []byte(username)) == 1
+	passOK := subtle.ConstantTimeCompare(got, want) == 1
+	return userOK && passOK
+}
+
+// Throttle slows repeated failures against the local password.
+//
+// The local admin is a single well-known account guarding everything, so an unthrottled login
+// form is an offline-speed guessing oracle that happens to be online. This is deliberately crude
+// — a delay that grows with consecutive failures and resets on success — because the goal is to
+// make guessing impractical, not to build a lockout system that an operator can trap themselves
+// with. It never locks permanently: a break-glass credential that can be locked out by an
+// attacker is a denial of service against the person who needs it most.
+type Throttle struct {
+	mu       sync.Mutex
+	failures int
+	last     time.Time
+	now      func() time.Time
+}
+
+func NewThrottle() *Throttle { return &Throttle{now: time.Now} }
+
+// Delay is how long the caller should wait before answering, given the failures so far.
+func (t *Throttle) Delay() time.Duration {
+	t.mu.Lock()
+	defer t.mu.Unlock()
+	// A quiet minute forgives everything, so an operator returning later is not punished for
+	// somebody else's earlier attempts.
+	if !t.last.IsZero() && t.now().Sub(t.last) > time.Minute {
+		t.failures = 0
+	}
+	switch {
+	case t.failures == 0:
+		return 0
+	case t.failures < 3:
+		return 250 * time.Millisecond
+	case t.failures < 6:
+		return time.Second
+	default:
+		return 3 * time.Second
+	}
+}
+
+func (t *Throttle) Failed() {
+	t.mu.Lock()
+	defer t.mu.Unlock()
+	t.failures++
+	t.last = t.now()
+}
+
+func (t *Throttle) Succeeded() {
+	t.mu.Lock()
+	defer t.mu.Unlock()
+	t.failures = 0
+}
+
+// ---- sessions ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Session is an authenticated account, however it proved itself. Not necessarily an admin:
+// signing in and being allowed to administer the server are separate questions, and a plain user
+// gets a session so they can manage their own uploads.
+type Session struct {
+	// Subject is the account id: "local:<username>" or "<issuer>#<sub>" from OIDC.
+	Subject string
+	// Display is what the UI shows.
+	Display string
+	// Admin is authorisation, decided at sign-in and carried inside the signed payload.
+	//
+	// Inside, specifically — not derived later from the subject, and not stored beside the MAC.
+	// A flag outside the signature is a privilege escalation anyone can perform with a text
+	// editor, and re-deriving it per request would mean re-reading group membership from the IdP
+	// on a path that has no token to do it with.
+	Admin   bool
+	Expires time.Time
+}
+
+// Sessions mints and checks signed session cookies.
+//
+// The cookie carries its own contents and a MAC, so there is no server-side session table to
+// grow, expire, or lose on restart — and equally no way to revoke one early, which is why they
+// are short-lived. The secret is persisted, so an operator's session survives a service restart;
+// regenerating it (deleting it from the state file) invalidates every session at once, which is
+// the revocation mechanism.
+type Sessions struct {
+	secret []byte
+	ttl    time.Duration
+}
+
+func NewSessions(secret []byte, ttl time.Duration) *Sessions {
+	if ttl <= 0 {
+		ttl = 12 * time.Hour
+	}
+	return &Sessions{secret: append([]byte(nil), secret...), ttl: ttl}
+}
+
+// NewSecret makes a fresh signing secret for first start.
+func NewSecret() ([]byte, error) {
+	b := make([]byte, 32)
+	_, err := rand.Read(b)
+	return b, err
+}
+
+var ErrSession = errors.New("session is not valid")
+
+// Issue returns the cookie value for a newly authenticated account.
+func (s *Sessions) Issue(subject, display string, admin bool) string {
+	exp := time.Now().Add(s.ttl).Unix()
+	role := "u"
+	if admin {
+		role = "a"
+	}
+	payload := base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(subject)) + "." +
+		base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(display)) + "." +
+		strconv.FormatInt(exp, 10) + "." + role
+	return payload + "." + s.mac(payload)
+}
+
+// Parse checks a cookie value and returns the session it encodes.
+func (s *Sessions) Parse(value string) (*Session, error) {
+	i := strings.LastIndex(value, ".")
+	if i < 0 {
+		return nil, ErrSession
+	}
+	payload, sig := value[:i], value[i+1:]
+	// MAC first, always. Nothing in the payload is believed — not even its shape — before the
+	// signature has been checked.
+	if !hmac.Equal([]byte(sig), []byte(s.mac(payload))) {
+		return nil, ErrSession
+	}
+	parts := strings.Split(payload, ".")
+	if len(parts) != 4 {
+		return nil, ErrSession
+	}
+	subject, err := base64.RawURLEncoding.DecodeString(parts[0])
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, ErrSession
+	}
+	display, err := base64.RawURLEncoding.DecodeString(parts[1])
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, ErrSession
+	}
+	exp, err := strconv.ParseInt(parts[2], 10, 64)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, ErrSession
+	}
+	if time.Now().After(time.Unix(exp, 0)) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: expired", ErrSession)
+	}
+	// Anything that is not exactly the admin marker is a user. A malformed role must fail closed:
+	// the safe reading of an unparseable privilege claim is the smaller privilege.
+	admin := parts[3] == "a"
+	return &Session{
+		Subject: string(subject), Display: string(display),
+		Admin: admin, Expires: time.Unix(exp, 0),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (s *Sessions) mac(payload string) string {
+	m := hmac.New(sha256.New, s.secret)
+	m.Write([]byte(payload))
+	return base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(m.Sum(nil))
+}

server/internal/adminauth/adminauth_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Echolot contributors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+package adminauth
+
+import (
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// PBKDF2 at 600k iterations is slow on purpose, so these use a reduced count where the test is
+// about logic rather than cost.
+func fastCredential(t *testing.T, user, pass string) Credential {
+	t.Helper()
+	c, err := NewCredential(user, pass)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return c
+}
+
+func TestVerifyAcceptsOnlyTheRightPair(t *testing.T) {
+	c := fastCredential(t, "admin", "correct-horse-battery")
+
+	if !c.Verify("admin", "correct-horse-battery") {
+		t.Fatal("the correct credentials were rejected")
+	}
+	for _, tc := range []struct{ user, pass string }{
+		{"admin", "wrong-password-here"},
+		{"admin", ""},
+		{"root", "correct-horse-battery"},
+		{"", "correct-horse-battery"},
+		{"ADMIN", "correct-horse-battery"}, // usernames are not case-folded
+	} {
+		if c.Verify(tc.user, tc.pass) {
+			t.Errorf("accepted %q/%q", tc.user, tc.pass)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Two credentials with the same password must not share a hash, or one cracked password reveals
+// every reuse of it and a precomputed table works against all of them.
+func TestSaltsDiffer(t *testing.T) {
+	a := fastCredential(t, "admin", "the-same-password-x")
+	b := fastCredential(t, "admin", "the-same-password-x")
+	if a.Salt == b.Salt {
+		t.Fatal("two credentials share a salt")
+	}
+	if a.Hash == b.Hash {
+		t.Fatal("the same password produced the same hash twice")
+	}
+	// Both must still verify — a salt that is not actually used would also produce differing
+	// hashes if it were mixed in wrongly.
+	if !a.Verify("admin", "the-same-password-x") || !b.Verify("admin", "the-same-password-x") {
+		t.Fatal("a salted credential does not verify")
+	}
+}
+
+// The stored iteration count is used rather than the current constant, so raising the constant
+// later does not silently lock out every existing password.
+func TestOldIterationCountsStillVerify(t *testing.T) {
+	c := fastCredential(t, "admin", "a-perfectly-fine-pw")
+	c.Iterations = iterations // as stored
+	if !c.Verify("admin", "a-perfectly-fine-pw") {
+		t.Fatal("credential does not verify with its stored iteration count")
+	}
+	// A credential written before the field existed must not be treated as zero-iteration.
+	c.Iterations = 0
+	if !c.Verify("admin", "a-perfectly-fine-pw") {
+		t.Fatal("a credential with no recorded iteration count failed to verify")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWeakInputsAreRefusedAtCreation(t *testing.T) {
+	if _, err := NewCredential("", "long-enough-password"); err == nil {
+		t.Error("an empty username was accepted")
+	}
+	if _, err := NewCredential("admin", "short"); err == nil {
+		t.Error("a short password was accepted")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAnEmptyCredentialNeverVerifies(t *testing.T) {
+	var zero Credential
+	if zero.Verify("", "") {
+		t.Fatal("a server with no local admin configured accepted empty credentials")
+	}
+	if zero.Verify("admin", "anything") {
+		t.Fatal("an unset credential verified")
+	}
+}
+
+// ---- sessions ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+func TestSessionRoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
+	secret, _ := NewSecret()
+	s := NewSessions(secret, time.Hour)
+	got, err := s.Parse(s.Issue("local:admin", "Admin", true))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if got.Subject != "local:admin" || got.Display != "Admin" {
+		t.Fatalf("session did not round-trip: %+v", got)
+	}
+}
+
+// The cookie carries its own contents, so the MAC is the only thing standing between a user and
+// promoting themselves. Every tampered form must fail.
+func TestTamperedSessionsAreRejected(t *testing.T) {
+	secret, _ := NewSecret()
+	s := NewSessions(secret, time.Hour)
+	good := s.Issue("local:admin", "Admin", true)
+
+	parts := strings.Split(good, ".")
+	tampered := []string{
+		"",
+		"garbage",
+		good + "x", // signature altered
+		strings.Replace(good, parts[0], "Zm9v", 1), // subject swapped
+		strings.Join(parts[:len(parts)-1], "."),    // signature removed
+		parts[0] + "." + parts[1] + "." + parts[2], // signature removed, well-formed payload
+	}
+	for _, v := range tampered {
+		if _, err := s.Parse(v); err == nil {
+			t.Errorf("accepted a tampered session: %q", v)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSessionsFromAnotherSecretAreRejected(t *testing.T) {
+	a, _ := NewSecret()
+	b, _ := NewSecret()
+	issued := NewSessions(a, time.Hour).Issue("local:admin", "Admin", true)
+	if _, err := NewSessions(b, time.Hour).Parse(issued); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("a session signed with a different secret was accepted — rotating the secret " +
+			"must invalidate every existing session")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExpiredSessionsAreRejected(t *testing.T) {
+	secret, _ := NewSecret()
+	// A negative TTL is not reachable through NewSessions, so issue with a real one and check
+	// the boundary via a session that has already run out.
+	s := NewSessions(secret, time.Millisecond)
+	v := s.Issue("local:admin", "Admin", true)
+	time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
+	if _, err := s.Parse(v); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("an expired session was accepted")
+	}
+}
+
+// ---- throttle ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+func TestThrottleGrowsWithFailuresAndResetsOnSuccess(t *testing.T) {
+	tr := NewThrottle()
+	if d := tr.Delay(); d != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("a first attempt was delayed by %v", d)
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
+		tr.Failed()
+	}
+	first := tr.Delay()
+	for i := 0; i < 6; i++ {
+		tr.Failed()
+	}
+	later := tr.Delay()
+	if !(later > first && first > 0) {
+		t.Fatalf("delay did not grow with failures: %v then %v", first, later)
+	}
+	tr.Succeeded()
+	if d := tr.Delay(); d != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("a successful login did not clear the throttle: %v", d)
+	}
+}
+
+// A break-glass credential that an attacker can lock out is a denial of service against the one
+// person who needs it. The delay must stay bounded rather than becoming a lockout.
+func TestThrottleNeverLocksOutPermanently(t *testing.T) {
+	tr := NewThrottle()
+	for i := 0; i < 1000; i++ {
+		tr.Failed()
+	}
+	if d := tr.Delay(); d > 10*time.Second {
+		t.Fatalf("throttle became a lockout: %v", d)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestThrottleForgivesAfterAQuietPeriod(t *testing.T) {
+	tr := NewThrottle()
+	now := time.Now()
+	tr.now = func() time.Time { return now }
+	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+		tr.Failed()
+	}
+	if tr.Delay() == 0 {
+		t.Fatal("failures did not register")
+	}
+	now = now.Add(2 * time.Minute)
+	if d := tr.Delay(); d != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("an operator returning later was still throttled: %v", d)
+	}
+}
+
+// The admin flag is an authorisation decision carried in a cookie the client holds, so the
+// interesting cases are all about what happens when the client lies about it.
+func TestSessionAdminFlag(t *testing.T) {
+	s := NewSessions([]byte("secret"), time.Hour)
+
+	t.Run("round trips both ways", func(t *testing.T) {
+		admin, err := s.Parse(s.Issue("local:admin", "Admin", true))
+		if err != nil || !admin.Admin {
+			t.Fatalf("admin session did not survive: %+v err=%v", admin, err)
+		}
+		user, err := s.Parse(s.Issue("oidc#1", "Markus", false))
+		if err != nil || user.Admin {
+			t.Fatalf("user session came back as admin: %+v err=%v", user, err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("promoting yourself invalidates the cookie", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// The whole point of putting the flag inside the MAC: editing it must break the signature
+		// rather than produce a valid admin session.
+		v := s.Issue("oidc#1", "Markus", false)
+		i := strings.LastIndex(v, ".")
+		tampered := strings.TrimSuffix(v[:i], ".u") + ".a" + v[i:]
+		if got, err := s.Parse(tampered); err == nil {
+			t.Fatalf("a self-promoted cookie was accepted as %+v", got)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("an unparseable role is not an admin", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Fail closed: whatever a malformed privilege claim means, it does not mean "more access".
+		// Signed by us, so it passes the MAC — only the role parsing stands between it and admin.
+		exp := strconv.FormatInt(time.Now().Add(time.Hour).Unix(), 10)
+		payload := base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte("oidc#1")) + "." +
+			base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte("Markus")) + "." + exp + ".ADMIN"
+		sess, err := s.Parse(payload + "." + s.mac(payload))
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected parse error: %v", err)
+		}
+		if sess.Admin {
+			t.Fatal("a role of \"ADMIN\" was treated as the admin marker")
+		}
+	})
+}

server/internal/adminui/auth.go

@@ -0,0 +1,426 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Echolot contributors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+// Package adminui serves the operator's web interface.
+//
+// Everything here is behind authentication, without exception. The previous arrangement — an
+// unauthenticated listener kept safe by binding to loopback — worked exactly until the address
+// changed, and then failed silently and publicly. Binding address is a deployment detail; it is
+// not an access control, and this package does not treat it as one.
+//
+// Rendered server-side with html/template and no JavaScript. The pages are lists and forms; a
+// framework would add a build step, a dependency tree and an update treadmill to a program that
+// currently has none of those.
+package adminui
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"log/slog"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"echo-lot.app/server/internal/adminauth"
+	"echo-lot.app/server/internal/oidc"
+	"echo-lot.app/server/internal/runs"
+	"echo-lot.app/server/internal/store"
+)
+
+const (
+	sessionCookie = "echolot_admin"
+	stateCookie   = "echolot_oidc"
+	csrfField     = "csrf"
+)
+
+// Server is the admin interface.
+type Server struct {
+	Store    *store.Store
+	Runs     *runs.Store
+	OIDC     *oidc.Verifier // admin client; nil when no IdP is configured
+	Sessions *adminauth.Sessions
+	Throttle *adminauth.Throttle
+
+	// AdminUser is the break-glass username; the password hash lives in the store.
+	AdminUser string
+	// BaseURL is where this UI is reachable, for building the OIDC redirect. Must match the URI
+	// registered at the IdP exactly.
+	BaseURL string
+	// ClientSecret authenticates the confidential admin client at the token endpoint.
+	ClientSecret string
+	// Secure marks cookies Secure. Off only for loopback HTTP, where there is no network to
+	// intercept and browsers refuse Secure cookies over plaintext anyway.
+	Secure bool
+
+	// EnrollLink builds the §2.1 bootstrap link for a token. Injected rather than rebuilt here,
+	// so the SPKI pin and public URL stay owned by the control server that actually knows them.
+	EnrollLink func(token string) string
+	// ControlURL is where devices should actually connect, handed out by /v1/discover so the
+	// enrollment link can show the public name instead. ServerName is for display.
+	ControlURL string
+	ServerName string
+	// SelfTest and Version render on the dashboard.
+	SelfTest func() any
+	Version  string
+}
+
+// Handler builds the routes. Only /healthz is reachable without a session.
+func (s *Server) Handler() http.Handler {
+	mux := http.NewServeMux()
+
+	// Unauthenticated: a health check that required a session would be no use to a monitor, and
+	// it discloses nothing beyond "the process is up".
+	mux.HandleFunc("GET /healthz", func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		fmt.Fprintf(w, `{"ok":true,"version":%q}`+"\n", s.Version)
+	})
+
+	// Unauthenticated on purpose, and deliberately says almost nothing: where the control plane
+	// is, and nothing about who may talk to it.
+	//
+	// This exists so an enrollment link can carry the name a person recognises while the app
+	// still connects to the name that selects the pinned certificate. It hands out an address,
+	// never a pin — the pin travels in the link itself. Serving the pin here would collapse
+	// pinning to whatever the CA system says, and pinning exists precisely to survive a
+	// certificate authority the operator does not control.
+	//
+	// So the worst an intercepted discovery can do is send a device to the wrong host, where the
+	// pin check fails. That is a denial of service, not a compromise.
+	mux.HandleFunc("GET /v1/discover", func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]string{
+			"control_url": s.ControlURL,
+			"name":        s.ServerName,
+		})
+	})
+
+	mux.HandleFunc("GET /login", s.loginForm)
+	mux.HandleFunc("POST /login", s.loginSubmit)
+	mux.HandleFunc("GET /auth/start", s.oidcStart)
+	mux.HandleFunc("GET /admin/callback", s.oidcCallback)
+	mux.HandleFunc("POST /logout", s.logout)
+
+	// Any signed-in account. These handlers scope what they show to the session themselves —
+	// an admin sees everything, a user sees their own devices and runs.
+	mux.HandleFunc("GET /", s.guard(s.dashboard))
+	mux.HandleFunc("GET /devices", s.guard(s.devices))
+	mux.HandleFunc("GET /runs", s.guard(s.runsList))
+	mux.HandleFunc("GET /runs/{device}/{id}", s.guard(s.runView))
+	mux.HandleFunc("POST /runs/{device}/{id}/delete", s.guard(s.runDelete))
+	// Deleting your own upload is yours to do; revoking a device or minting an enrolment token
+	// affects the whole server, so those stay with the admin.
+	mux.HandleFunc("POST /devices/{id}/revoke", s.guard(s.adminOnly(s.revokeDevice)))
+	mux.HandleFunc("POST /enroll-tokens", s.guard(s.adminOnly(s.mintToken)))
+	// The spec-shaped mint endpoint (§2.1: {token, expires_in_s, enroll_uri}), for curl and
+	// scripts. Authenticates its own way — see apiAdmin — because guard's redirect-to-login is
+	// useless to a caller without a browser.
+	mux.HandleFunc("POST /admin/enroll-tokens", s.enrollTokensAPI)
+
+	return mux
+}
+
+// guard requires a valid session, and checks CSRF on anything that changes state.
+func (s *Server) guard(h func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request, *adminauth.Session)) http.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		sess := s.session(r)
+		if sess == nil {
+			http.Redirect(w, r, "/login", http.StatusSeeOther)
+			return
+		}
+		if r.Method != http.MethodGet && r.Method != http.MethodHead {
+			// SameSite=Lax already blocks cross-site form posts in current browsers, but this
+			// is the control that does not depend on the browser being current.
+			if !s.csrfOK(r, sess) {
+				http.Error(w, "stale form — reload the page and try again", http.StatusForbidden)
+				return
+			}
+		}
+		h(w, r, sess)
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *Server) session(r *http.Request) *adminauth.Session {
+	c, err := r.Cookie(sessionCookie)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	sess, err := s.Sessions.Parse(c.Value)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return sess
+}
+
+// csrfToken derives a per-session token. Derived rather than stored so it needs no server-side
+// state and cannot drift out of sync with the session it belongs to.
+func (s *Server) csrfToken(sess *adminauth.Session) string {
+	sum := sha256.Sum256([]byte("csrf|" + sess.Subject + "|" + sess.Expires.String()))
+	return base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(sum[:16])
+}
+
+func (s *Server) csrfOK(r *http.Request, sess *adminauth.Session) bool {
+	if err := r.ParseForm(); err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return r.PostFormValue(csrfField) == s.csrfToken(sess)
+}
+
+// adminOnly refuses a handler to a signed-in account that is not an administrator.
+//
+// A separate wrapper rather than a check inside each handler: an authorisation rule that has to be
+// remembered in every handler is one that will eventually be forgotten in a new one, and the route
+// table is where someone looks to find out who may do what.
+func (s *Server) adminOnly(
+	h func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request, *adminauth.Session),
+) func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request, *adminauth.Session) {
+	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, sess *adminauth.Session) {
+		if !sess.Admin {
+			slog.Info("admin action refused", "account", sess.Subject, "path", r.URL.Path)
+			http.Error(w, "that action needs an administrator account", http.StatusForbidden)
+			return
+		}
+		h(w, r, sess)
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *Server) setSession(w http.ResponseWriter, subject, display string, admin bool) {
+	http.SetCookie(w, &http.Cookie{
+		Name:     sessionCookie,
+		Value:    s.Sessions.Issue(subject, display, admin),
+		Path:     "/",
+		HttpOnly: true, // the cookie is a bearer credential; script has no business reading it
+		Secure:   s.Secure,
+		SameSite: http.SameSiteLaxMode,
+	})
+}
+
+func (s *Server) logout(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	http.SetCookie(w, &http.Cookie{
+		Name: sessionCookie, Value: "", Path: "/", MaxAge: -1,
+		HttpOnly: true, Secure: s.Secure, SameSite: http.SameSiteLaxMode,
+	})
+	http.Redirect(w, r, "/login", http.StatusSeeOther)
+}
+
+// ---- local password ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+func (s *Server) loginSubmit(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	if err := r.ParseForm(); err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, "bad form", http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+	// The delay is applied before the answer, so a wrong guess costs time whether or not the
+	// username exists — the timing carries no information either way.
+	if d := s.Throttle.Delay(); d > 0 {
+		time.Sleep(d)
+	}
+	user := r.PostFormValue("username")
+	pass := r.PostFormValue("password")
+
+	cred := s.Store.LocalAdmin()
+	if cred == nil || !cred.Verify(user, pass) {
+		s.Throttle.Failed()
+		slog.Info("admin login failed", "user", user, "from", clientIP(r))
+		s.render(w, r, "login", map[string]any{
+			"Error": "Incorrect username or password.",
+			"OIDC":  s.oidcAvailable(),
+		})
+		return
+	}
+	s.Throttle.Succeeded()
+	slog.Info("admin login", "user", user, "method", "local", "from", clientIP(r))
+	s.setSession(w, "local:"+cred.Username, cred.Username, true)
+	http.Redirect(w, r, "/", http.StatusSeeOther)
+}
+
+// apiAdmin authenticates a programmatic admin request: the normal session cookie, or HTTP Basic
+// against the break-glass credential for callers without a cookie jar (the README's curl).
+//
+// The cookie path keeps CSRF, exactly like guard: a cookie is an ambient credential and this
+// endpoint changes state. Basic auth is exempt — the password is supplied explicitly per
+// request, so there is nothing for a cross-site form to ride on — and a wrong guess pays the
+// same throttle as the login form, so this is no better a password oracle than that is.
+func (s *Server) apiAdmin(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) (subject string, ok bool) {
+	if sess := s.session(r); sess != nil {
+		if !sess.Admin {
+			http.Error(w, "that action needs an administrator account", http.StatusForbidden)
+			return "", false
+		}
+		if !s.csrfOK(r, sess) {
+			http.Error(w, "stale form — reload the page and try again", http.StatusForbidden)
+			return "", false
+		}
+		return sess.Subject, true
+	}
+	if user, pass, hasBasic := r.BasicAuth(); hasBasic {
+		if d := s.Throttle.Delay(); d > 0 {
+			time.Sleep(d)
+		}
+		if cred := s.Store.LocalAdmin(); cred != nil && cred.Verify(user, pass) {
+			s.Throttle.Succeeded()
+			return "local:" + user, true
+		}
+		s.Throttle.Failed()
+		slog.Info("admin api auth failed", "user", user, "from", clientIP(r))
+	}
+	w.Header().Set("WWW-Authenticate", `Basic realm="echolot-admin"`)
+	http.Error(w, "authentication required", http.StatusUnauthorized)
+	return "", false
+}
+
+// ---- OIDC -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+func (s *Server) oidcAvailable() bool {
+	return s.OIDC != nil && s.OIDC.Config().Enabled() && s.BaseURL != ""
+}
+
+// oidcStart redirects to the IdP with state and PKCE.
+//
+// PKCE even though this is a confidential client: it costs one hash and closes code interception
+// independently of the secret, which is worth having when the redirect crosses a browser.
+func (s *Server) oidcStart(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	if !s.oidcAvailable() {
+		http.Error(w, "no identity provider is configured on this server", http.StatusNotImplemented)
+		return
+	}
+	d, err := s.OIDC.Discover(r.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, "identity provider unreachable: "+err.Error(), http.StatusBadGateway)
+		return
+	}
+	state, verifier := randomToken(), randomToken()
+	challenge := sha256.Sum256([]byte(verifier))
+
+	// state and the PKCE verifier ride in one short-lived cookie: the callback must prove it
+	// belongs to the browser that started the flow, or an attacker can feed us their own code.
+	http.SetCookie(w, &http.Cookie{
+		Name: stateCookie, Value: state + "." + verifier, Path: "/",
+		HttpOnly: true, Secure: s.Secure, SameSite: http.SameSiteLaxMode, MaxAge: 600,
+	})
+
+	q := url.Values{
+		"response_type":         {"code"},
+		"client_id":             {s.OIDC.Config().ClientID},
+		"redirect_uri":          {s.redirectURI()},
+		"scope":                 {"openid profile email"},
+		"state":                 {state},
+		"code_challenge":        {base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(challenge[:])},
+		"code_challenge_method": {"S256"},
+	}
+	http.Redirect(w, r, d.AuthorizationEndpoint+"?"+q.Encode(), http.StatusSeeOther)
+}
+
+func (s *Server) redirectURI() string {
+	return strings.TrimRight(s.BaseURL, "/") + "/admin/callback"
+}
+
+func (s *Server) oidcCallback(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	if !s.oidcAvailable() {
+		http.Error(w, "no identity provider configured", http.StatusNotImplemented)
+		return
+	}
+	c, err := r.Cookie(stateCookie)
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, "sign-in did not start here — try again from the login page", http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+	http.SetCookie(w, &http.Cookie{Name: stateCookie, Value: "", Path: "/", MaxAge: -1})
+
+	state, verifier, ok := strings.Cut(c.Value, ".")
+	if !ok || state == "" || r.URL.Query().Get("state") != state {
+		http.Error(w, "sign-in state did not match — start again", http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+	code := r.URL.Query().Get("code")
+	if code == "" {
+		http.Error(w, "no authorization code returned: "+r.URL.Query().Get("error"), http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+
+	idToken, err := s.exchange(r.Context(), code, verifier)
+	if err != nil {
+		slog.Info("admin oidc exchange failed", "err", err, "from", clientIP(r))
+		http.Error(w, "could not complete sign-in", http.StatusBadGateway)
+		return
+	}
+	claims, err := s.OIDC.Verify(r.Context(), idToken)
+	if err != nil {
+		slog.Info("admin oidc token rejected", "err", err, "from", clientIP(r))
+		http.Error(w, "the identity token was not accepted", http.StatusForbidden)
+		return
+	}
+	// Authentication and authorisation are answered separately here. Someone who is not in the
+	// admin group has still proved who they are, and their own uploads are their business to
+	// manage — refusing them a session outright, as this used to, left a legitimate account with
+	// no way to see or delete the data it had sent.
+	admin := s.OIDC.IsAdmin(claims)
+	slog.Info("login", "account", claims.AccountID(), "method", "oidc", "admin", admin,
+		"from", clientIP(r))
+	s.setSession(w, claims.AccountID(), claims.Display(), admin)
+	http.Redirect(w, r, "/", http.StatusSeeOther)
+}
+
+// exchange trades the authorization code for tokens at the IdP.
+func (s *Server) exchange(ctx context.Context, code, verifier string) (string, error) {
+	d, err := s.OIDC.Discover(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	form := url.Values{
+		"grant_type":    {"authorization_code"},
+		"code":          {code},
+		"redirect_uri":  {s.redirectURI()},
+		"client_id":     {s.OIDC.Config().ClientID},
+		"code_verifier": {verifier},
+	}
+	if s.ClientSecret != "" {
+		form.Set("client_secret", s.ClientSecret)
+	}
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, d.TokenEndpoint,
+		strings.NewReader(form.Encode()))
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
+
+	resp, err := (&http.Client{Timeout: 15 * time.Second}).Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	body, _ := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(resp.Body, 1<<20))
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("token endpoint: %s: %s", resp.Status, strings.TrimSpace(string(body)))
+	}
+	var tok struct {
+		IDToken string `json:"id_token"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &tok); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	if tok.IDToken == "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("token endpoint returned no id_token")
+	}
+	return tok.IDToken, nil
+}
+
+func randomToken() string {
+	b := make([]byte, 32)
+	_, _ = rand.Read(b)
+	return base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(b)
+}
+
+// clientIP is for logs only. X-Forwarded-For is deliberately ignored: nothing is meant to sit in
+// front of this listener, so a header claiming otherwise is a caller's assertion about itself.
+func clientIP(r *http.Request) string {
+	if i := strings.LastIndex(r.RemoteAddr, ":"); i > 0 {
+		return r.RemoteAddr[:i]
+	}
+	return r.RemoteAddr
+}

server/internal/adminui/enrolltokens_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Echolot contributors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+package adminui
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"echo-lot.app/server/internal/adminauth"
+)
+
+// tokenFixture wires just enough of the Server for the mint endpoint: a break-glass admin and
+// a stand-in EnrollLink (the real one belongs to the control server, injected the same way).
+func tokenFixture(t *testing.T) *Server {
+	t.Helper()
+	s, _, _, _ := fixture(t)
+	secret, err := s.Store.SessionSecret()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	s.Sessions = adminauth.NewSessions(secret, time.Hour)
+	s.Throttle = adminauth.NewThrottle()
+	cred, err := adminauth.NewCredential("admin", "a-long-test-password")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := s.Store.SetLocalAdmin(cred); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	s.EnrollLink = func(tok string) string { return "echolot://enroll?v=1&t=" + tok }
+	return s
+}
+
+func TestEnrollTokensAPISpecShape(t *testing.T) {
+	h := tokenFixture(t).Handler()
+
+	// No credentials → 401 with a challenge, never a token.
+	req := httptest.NewRequest("POST", "/admin/enroll-tokens?note=phone", nil)
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusUnauthorized || rec.Header().Get("WWW-Authenticate") == "" {
+		t.Fatalf("unauthenticated: code=%d", rec.Code)
+	}
+
+	// Wrong password → still 401.
+	req = httptest.NewRequest("POST", "/admin/enroll-tokens", nil)
+	req.SetBasicAuth("admin", "wrong")
+	rec = httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusUnauthorized {
+		t.Fatalf("bad password: code=%d, want 401", rec.Code)
+	}
+
+	// Basic + Accept: application/json → the §2.1 shape.
+	req = httptest.NewRequest("POST", "/admin/enroll-tokens?note=phone", nil)
+	req.SetBasicAuth("admin", "a-long-test-password")
+	req.Header.Set("Accept", "application/json")
+	rec = httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("mint: code=%d body=%s", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+	var body struct {
+		Token     string `json:"token"`
+		ExpiresS  int    `json:"expires_in_s"`
+		EnrollURI string `json:"enroll_uri"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &body); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if body.Token == "" || body.ExpiresS != 86400 || !strings.HasPrefix(body.EnrollURI, "echolot://enroll?") {
+		t.Fatalf("spec shape violated: %+v", body)
+	}
+
+	// Without Accept: the browser flow — redirect to the QR page, link in the query.
+	req = httptest.NewRequest("POST", "/admin/enroll-tokens", nil)
+	req.SetBasicAuth("admin", "a-long-test-password")
+	rec = httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusSeeOther || !strings.HasPrefix(rec.Header().Get("Location"), "/devices?link=") {
+		t.Fatalf("html flow: code=%d location=%q", rec.Code, rec.Header().Get("Location"))
+	}
+}

server/internal/adminui/pages.go

@@ -0,0 +1,273 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Echolot contributors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+package adminui
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"html/template"
+	"log/slog"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"sort"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"echo-lot.app/server/internal/adminauth"
+	"echo-lot.app/server/internal/runs"
+	"echo-lot.app/server/internal/store"
+)
+
+// visibleDevices returns the devices a session may see: everything for an administrator, and for
+// anyone else the devices linked to their own account.
+//
+// Every page goes through this rather than filtering for itself. Scoping applied per-page is
+// scoping that will be missing from the next page someone adds, and the failure is silent — a
+// listing that quietly shows other people's uploads looks exactly like one that does not.
+func (s *Server) visibleDevices(sess *adminauth.Session) []store.Device {
+	all := s.Store.Devices()
+	if sess.Admin {
+		return all
+	}
+	owned := make(map[string]bool)
+	for _, id := range s.Store.DeviceIDsForAccount(sess.Subject) {
+		owned[id] = true
+	}
+	out := make([]store.Device, 0, len(owned))
+	for _, d := range all {
+		if owned[d.ID] {
+			out = append(out, d)
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// mayTouchRun reports whether this session may read or delete a given run.
+//
+// Checked against the device list rather than against the run's own metadata, so an unlinked or
+// revoked device stops granting access the moment the link is gone.
+func (s *Server) mayTouchRun(sess *adminauth.Session, device string) bool {
+	if sess.Admin {
+		return true
+	}
+	for _, d := range s.visibleDevices(sess) {
+		if d.ID == device {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (s *Server) loginForm(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	if s.session(r) != nil {
+		http.Redirect(w, r, "/", http.StatusSeeOther)
+		return
+	}
+	s.render(w, r, "login", map[string]any{
+		"OIDC":      s.oidcAvailable(),
+		"LocalSet":  s.Store.LocalAdmin() != nil,
+		"AdminUser": s.AdminUser,
+	})
+}
+
+func (s *Server) dashboard(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, sess *adminauth.Session) {
+	devices := s.visibleDevices(sess)
+	linked := 0
+	for _, d := range devices {
+		if d.LinkedToAccount() {
+			linked++
+		}
+	}
+	var selftest any
+	// The self-test describes the server's own health, which is an operator's concern; a user
+	// looking at their uploads has no use for it and no ability to act on it.
+	if s.SelfTest != nil && sess.Admin {
+		selftest = s.SelfTest()
+	}
+	s.render(w, r, "dashboard", map[string]any{
+		"Session":  sess,
+		"CSRF":     s.csrfToken(sess),
+		"Devices":  len(devices),
+		"Linked":   linked,
+		"Runs":     s.totalRuns(devices),
+		"SelfTest": selftest,
+		"Version":  s.Version,
+		"Admin":    sess.Admin,
+	})
+}
+
+func (s *Server) totalRuns(devices []store.Device) int {
+	if s.Runs == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	n := 0
+	for _, d := range devices {
+		n += len(s.Runs.List(d.ID))
+	}
+	return n
+}
+
+func (s *Server) devices(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, sess *adminauth.Session) {
+	devices := s.visibleDevices(sess)
+	// Newest first: the device someone is looking for is almost always the one just enrolled.
+	sort.Slice(devices, func(i, j int) bool { return devices[i].Enrolled.After(devices[j].Enrolled) })
+
+	type row struct {
+		store.Device
+		Runs int
+	}
+	rows := make([]row, 0, len(devices))
+	for _, d := range devices {
+		n := 0
+		if s.Runs != nil {
+			n = len(s.Runs.List(d.ID))
+		}
+		rows = append(rows, row{Device: d, Runs: n})
+	}
+	// html/template rewrites an href whose scheme it does not recognise to "#ZgotmplZ", so the
+	// enrollment link rendered as a dead anchor that did nothing when tapped — silently, since the
+	// markup looks fine and only the sanitised attribute gives it away.
+	//
+	// Marking it template.URL opts out of that sanitising, which is only safe because the shape is
+	// checked first: this value arrives in a query parameter, so without the check a crafted
+	// /devices?link=javascript:… would put a script URL straight into the page.
+	link := r.URL.Query().Get("link")
+	var href template.URL
+	if strings.HasPrefix(link, "echolot://enroll?") {
+		href = template.URL(link)
+	}
+	s.render(w, r, "devices", map[string]any{
+		"Session": sess, "CSRF": s.csrfToken(sess), "Rows": rows,
+		// Rendered from the same validated value as the href, so a rejected link produces neither.
+		"Link": link, "LinkHref": href, "LinkQR": qrSVG(string(href)), "Admin": sess.Admin,
+	})
+}
+
+func (s *Server) revokeDevice(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, sess *adminauth.Session) {
+	id := r.PathValue("id")
+	if err := s.Store.DeleteDevice(id); err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+	// Worth a log line: revoking a device is destructive, immediate, and someone will eventually
+	// want to know who did it and when.
+	slog.Info("device revoked", "device", id, "by", sess.Subject)
+	http.Redirect(w, r, "/devices", http.StatusSeeOther)
+}
+
+func (s *Server) mintToken(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, sess *adminauth.Session) {
+	tok, err := s.Store.NewEnrollToken(24*time.Hour, "admin-ui")
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return
+	}
+	slog.Info("enrolment token minted", "by", sess.Subject)
+	// The whole link, not the bare token: it carries the URL and the pin as well, and assembling
+	// those by hand is where an operator gets a pin wrong by one character.
+	http.Redirect(w, r, "/devices?link="+url.QueryEscape(s.EnrollLink(tok)), http.StatusSeeOther)
+}
+
+// enrollTokensAPI is POST /admin/enroll-tokens, the endpoint the spec's §2.1 example names.
+// Content-negotiated: Accept: application/json gets the spec shape {token, expires_in_s,
+// enroll_uri}; anything else (a browser) gets the same redirect-to-QR flow as the form above,
+// so the one path serves both audiences.
+func (s *Server) enrollTokensAPI(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	subject, ok := s.apiAdmin(w, r)
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	note := r.URL.Query().Get("note")
+	if note == "" {
+		note = "admin-api"
+	}
+	const ttl = 24 * time.Hour
+	tok, err := s.Store.NewEnrollToken(ttl, note)
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return
+	}
+	slog.Info("enrolment token minted", "by", subject, "note", note)
+	if !strings.Contains(r.Header.Get("Accept"), "application/json") {
+		http.Redirect(w, r, "/devices?link="+url.QueryEscape(s.EnrollLink(tok)), http.StatusSeeOther)
+		return
+	}
+	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	// The whole link, not the bare token (§2.1): the server is the only party holding URL, pin
+	// and token at once, and a hand-assembled pin wrong by one character fails as an inscrutable
+	// TLS error later rather than loudly here.
+	_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]any{
+		"token":        tok,
+		"expires_in_s": int(ttl.Seconds()),
+		"enroll_uri":   s.EnrollLink(tok),
+	})
+}
+
+// EnrollLink is supplied by the caller so this package does not need the control server's pin.
+var _ = 0
+
+func (s *Server) runsList(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, sess *adminauth.Session) {
+	type row struct {
+		runs.Meta
+		DeviceName string
+	}
+	var rows []row
+	for _, d := range s.visibleDevices(sess) {
+		if s.Runs == nil {
+			break
+		}
+		name := d.Name
+		if name == "" {
+			name = d.ID
+		}
+		for _, m := range s.Runs.List(d.ID) {
+			rows = append(rows, row{Meta: m, DeviceName: name})
+		}
+	}
+	sort.Slice(rows, func(i, j int) bool { return rows[i].UploadedAt.After(rows[j].UploadedAt) })
+	if len(rows) > 200 {
+		rows = rows[:200] // a page, not the archive; the count is on the dashboard
+	}
+	s.render(w, r, "runs", map[string]any{
+		"Session": sess, "CSRF": s.csrfToken(sess), "Rows": rows, "Admin": sess.Admin,
+	})
+}
+
+func (s *Server) runView(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, sess *adminauth.Session) {
+	// 404 rather than 403 for someone else's run: a distinguishable "you may not see this" tells
+	// an unauthorised caller that the run exists, which is itself something they should not learn.
+	if !s.mayTouchRun(sess, r.PathValue("device")) {
+		http.NotFound(w, r)
+		return
+	}
+	body, err := s.Runs.Get(r.PathValue("device"), r.PathValue("id"))
+	if err != nil {
+		http.NotFound(w, r)
+		return
+	}
+	// Re-indented for reading, but otherwise exactly what was stored. An admin sees the document
+	// at the privacy level its uploader chose — there is nothing here that can un-redact it.
+	var pretty json.RawMessage = body
+	out, err := json.MarshalIndent(json.RawMessage(pretty), "", "  ")
+	if err != nil {
+		out = body
+	}
+	s.render(w, r, "run", map[string]any{
+		"Session": sess, "CSRF": s.csrfToken(sess), "Admin": sess.Admin,
+		"Device": r.PathValue("device"), "ID": r.PathValue("id"),
+		"JSON": string(out),
+	})
+}
+
+func (s *Server) runDelete(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, sess *adminauth.Session) {
+	device, id := r.PathValue("device"), r.PathValue("id")
+	if !s.mayTouchRun(sess, device) {
+		http.NotFound(w, r)
+		return
+	}
+	if err := s.Runs.Delete(device, id); err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return
+	}
+	slog.Info("run deleted", "device", device, "run", id, "by", sess.Subject)
+	http.Redirect(w, r, "/runs", http.StatusSeeOther)
+}

server/internal/adminui/qr.go

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Echolot contributors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+package adminui
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"html/template"
+	"strings"
+
+	qrcode "github.com/skip2/go-qrcode"
+)
+
+// qrSVG renders text as an inline SVG QR code, or empty if it will not encode.
+//
+// Inline SVG rather than a PNG data: URI because the page's CSP is `default-src 'none'` and means
+// it. A data: image would need img-src opened up; markup needs nothing, and the QR is generated
+// here from a boolean matrix, so nothing a user supplied reaches the output.
+//
+// Drawn as one path rather than a rect per module: a link of this length encodes to roughly 60x60
+// modules, and two thousand elements is a lot of DOM for a picture of a square.
+func qrSVG(text string) template.HTML {
+	if text == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	// Medium recovery: a phone camera reading a screen has no dirt or creases to survive, and
+	// lower recovery keeps the module count down, which keeps it scannable on a small display.
+	q, err := qrcode.New(text, qrcode.Medium)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "" // too long to encode; the link text below it still works
+	}
+	bitmap := q.Bitmap()
+	n := len(bitmap)
+	if n == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	var path strings.Builder
+	for y, row := range bitmap {
+		for x, dark := range row {
+			if dark {
+				fmt.Fprintf(&path, "M%d %dh1v1h-1z", x, y)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// A quiet zone is part of the spec, not decoration: without it a scanner cannot find the
+	// symbol's edges against whatever is next to it on the page.
+	var out strings.Builder
+	fmt.Fprintf(&out,
+		`<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 %d %d" `+
+			`width="240" height="240" shape-rendering="crispEdges" role="img" `+
+			`aria-label="Enrolment link as a QR code">`+
+			`<rect width="%d" height="%d" fill="#fff"/>`+
+			`<path d="%s" fill="#000"/></svg>`,
+		n, n, n, n, path.String())
+	return template.HTML(out.String())
+}

server/internal/adminui/qr_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package adminui
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestQrSVGEncodesAnEnrolmentLink(t *testing.T) {
+	link := "echolot://enroll?v=1&u=https%3A%2F%2Ffmr.echo-lot.app&p=pin-sha256%3AzRV9qkiLnRexAeh4RrSfJzbPWO%2BU%2F2Oj2%2FNVM%2FKfXlg%3D&t=20e6ccaa2a028dc0aab16442c258d1b8eadb5794682905fe"
+	out := string(qrSVG(link))
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(out, "<svg") || !strings.Contains(out, "<path d=\"M") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected an svg with a path, got %.80q", out)
+	}
+	// A quiet zone is part of the symbol; without it scanners cannot find its edges.
+	if !strings.Contains(out, `fill="#fff"`) {
+		t.Error("no light background rendered")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestQrSVGEmptyForNoLink(t *testing.T) {
+	if qrSVG("") != "" {
+		t.Error("no link should render no code")
+	}
+}

server/internal/adminui/render.go

@@ -0,0 +1,420 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Echolot contributors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+package adminui
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"html/template"
+	"log/slog"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// Templates are parsed once at start. html/template escapes by context, which is what makes it
+// safe to render device names and finding text that ultimately arrived over a network.
+var tpl = template.Must(template.New("base").Funcs(template.FuncMap{
+	"kb": func(n int64) int64 { return n / 1024 },
+	// verdictClass keeps an uploaded string out of the class attribute. The verdict arrives inside
+	// a document a device sent us, so interpolating it into markup would be trusting a stranger's
+	// text with a place in the stylesheet; mapping through a fixed set costs nothing and closes it.
+	"verdictClass": func(v string) string {
+		switch strings.ToLower(v) {
+		case "green", "yellow", "red", "inconclusive":
+			return "v-" + strings.ToLower(v)
+		default:
+			return "v-unknown"
+		}
+	},
+	// verdictLabel says what the light means rather than what it is called. "yellow" is a colour;
+	// "worth a look" is a finding, and the reader is here to act on it.
+	"verdictLabel": func(v string) string {
+		switch strings.ToLower(v) {
+		case "green":
+			return "clean"
+		case "yellow":
+			return "worth a look"
+		case "red":
+			return "faults found"
+		case "inconclusive":
+			return "inconclusive"
+		default:
+			return "not recorded"
+		}
+	},
+}).Parse(baseHTML))
+
+func (s *Server) render(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, page string, data map[string]any) {
+	data["Page"] = page
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	if err := tpl.Execute(&buf, data); err != nil {
+		slog.Error("admin template", "page", page, "err", err)
+		http.Error(w, "template error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return
+	}
+	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=utf-8")
+	// There is no script here and nothing loaded from anywhere else, so a strict policy costs
+	// nothing and closes injected-script attacks even if an escaping bug ever slips through.
+	w.Header().Set("Content-Security-Policy", "default-src 'none'; style-src 'unsafe-inline'; form-action 'self'")
+	w.Header().Set("Referrer-Policy", "no-referrer")
+	w.Header().Set("X-Content-Type-Options", "nosniff")
+	_, _ = buf.WriteTo(w)
+}
+
+// The visual language is an echo sounder's, which is what the name means: an instrument that emits
+// a ping and reads what comes back. That gives the palette (the colours of a water column rather
+// than a neutral near-black), the type (machine-set, because an instrument's readings are), and
+// the one piece of real ornament — a trace of returns across time on the runs page.
+//
+// No web fonts: the CSP forbids loading anything, and shipping font files with a single Go binary
+// would trade the property that makes this server pleasant to run for a typeface. So the character
+// has to come from treatment — tracking, case, scale, rules — rather than from novel letterforms.
+//
+// Tables become stacked records below 46rem rather than scrolling sideways. That is not a fallback:
+// a sounding log prints as label-and-value pairs, and on a phone that form is easier to read than
+// any table, so the mobile layout is the more faithful one of the two.
+const baseHTML = `<!doctype html>
+<html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8">
+<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1">
+<title>Echolot &mdash; {{.Page}}</title>
+<style>
+ :root{
+   --abyss:#071419; --hull:#0d2028; --raise:#122a34; --rule:#17323d;
+   --ink:#dce8ea; --dim:#7d97a1; --trace:#6fc9b4;
+   --green:#57ad82; --amber:#cf9b3c; --red:#c25757; --slate:#62767f;
+   --mono:ui-monospace,"SF Mono","IBM Plex Mono","JetBrains Mono",Menlo,Consolas,monospace;
+   --prose:system-ui,-apple-system,"Segoe UI",sans-serif;
+   color-scheme:dark;
+ }
+ *{box-sizing:border-box}
+ body{margin:0;background:var(--abyss);color:var(--ink);
+      font:400 15px/1.55 var(--prose);-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}
+
+ /* ---- masthead ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+ /* Wraps rather than overflows: a rigid row pushes the account and its sign-out button past
+    the edge of a phone screen, where they cannot be reached at all. */
+ .top{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:.5rem 1.4rem;
+      padding:.85rem 1.1rem;background:var(--hull);border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule)}
+ .mark{font:600 .95rem/1 var(--mono);letter-spacing:.02em;margin:0;color:var(--ink)}
+ .mark span{color:var(--trace)}
+ .top nav{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.15rem .9rem}
+ .top nav a{font:500 .82rem/1 var(--mono);letter-spacing:.06em;color:var(--dim);
+            text-decoration:none;padding:.35rem 0;border-bottom:1px solid transparent}
+ .top nav a:hover{color:var(--ink)}
+ .top nav a[aria-current]{color:var(--trace);border-bottom-color:var(--trace)}
+ .who{margin-left:auto;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.7rem;flex-wrap:wrap;
+      font:.78rem/1.3 var(--mono);color:var(--dim)}
+
+ main{padding:1.1rem;max-width:64rem}
+
+ /* ---- headings: a graduation mark, like a depth scale ------------------------------- */
+ h2{font:500 1.05rem/1.2 var(--mono);letter-spacing:-.01em;margin:1.4rem 0 .2rem;
+    padding-left:.7rem;border-left:2px solid var(--trace)}
+ h2:first-child{margin-top:0}
+ h3{font:500 .8rem/1 var(--mono);letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;
+    color:var(--dim);margin:0 0 .7rem}
+ .lede{color:var(--dim);font-size:.9rem;margin:.5rem 0 1rem;max-width:46rem}
+
+ /* ---- readout: how an instrument prints a value ------------------------------------- */
+ .readout{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}
+ .readout li{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:.5rem;padding:.3rem 0;
+             font:.85rem/1.4 var(--mono)}
+ .readout .k{color:var(--dim);white-space:nowrap}
+ /* The dotted leader is how a sounding log runs a label out to its value. It is also the thing
+    that lets a label and a number sit on one line at any width without a table. */
+ .readout .lead{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:1.5rem;align-self:center;height:1px;
+                background:repeating-linear-gradient(90deg,var(--rule) 0 2px,transparent 2px 5px)}
+ .readout .v{color:var(--ink);text-align:right;overflow-wrap:anywhere}
+
+ /* ---- the trace: one bar per run, oldest to newest ---------------------------------- */
+ /* The signature, and the only ornament here: an echo sounder draws returns against time, and
+    so does this. Rows arrive newest-first, so the strip is reversed in CSS rather than in Go. */
+ .trace{display:flex;flex-direction:row-reverse;justify-content:flex-end;align-items:flex-end;gap:2px;
+        height:3rem;padding:.7rem .8rem;background:var(--hull);
+        border:1px solid var(--rule);border-radius:3px;overflow:hidden}
+ .trace i{flex:1 1 3px;min-width:2px;max-width:9px;border-radius:1px;opacity:.9}
+ .trace .v-green{height:35%;background:var(--green)}
+ .trace .v-yellow{height:65%;background:var(--amber)}
+ .trace .v-red{height:100%;background:var(--red)}
+ .trace .v-inconclusive{height:22%;background:var(--slate)}
+ .trace .v-unknown{height:12%;background:var(--rule)}
+ .trace-key{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.3rem .9rem;margin:.45rem 0 0;
+            font:.72rem/1 var(--mono);letter-spacing:.05em;color:var(--dim)}
+ .trace-key b{font-weight:400;color:var(--dim)}
+ .trace-key em{font-style:normal;display:inline-block;width:.5rem;height:.5rem;
+               border-radius:1px;margin-right:.35rem;vertical-align:baseline;background:var(--rule)}
+ .trace-key em.v-green{background:var(--green)}
+ .trace-key em.v-yellow{background:var(--amber)}
+ .trace-key em.v-red{background:var(--red)}
+ .trace-key em.v-inconclusive{background:var(--slate)}
+
+ /* ---- records: tables that stack on a phone ----------------------------------------- */
+ .rec{border:1px solid var(--rule);border-radius:3px;background:var(--hull);
+      padding:.75rem .85rem;margin:.5rem 0}
+ .rec-head{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:baseline;gap:.5rem;
+           font:.85rem/1.3 var(--mono);margin-bottom:.35rem}
+ .rec-head .id{overflow-wrap:anywhere;color:var(--ink)}
+ .rec form{margin-top:.6rem}
+ /* Why a check matters is a sentence, so it is set as one — full width under the row rather
+    than squeezed into a column, where it would wrap to a ribbon two words wide. */
+ .why{font:.85rem/1.5 var(--prose);color:var(--dim);margin-top:.45rem;max-width:52rem}
+ .tag{font:.68rem/1 var(--mono);letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;
+      padding:.24rem .45rem;border-radius:2px;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap}
+ .v-green{color:var(--green)} .v-yellow{color:var(--amber)}
+ .v-red{color:var(--red)} .v-inconclusive{color:var(--slate)} .v-unknown{color:var(--dim)}
+
+ /* ---- panels, controls, states ------------------------------------------------------ */
+ .narrow{max-width:27rem}
+ .panel{background:var(--hull);border:1px solid var(--rule);border-radius:3px;
+        padding:.95rem 1rem;margin:.9rem 0;min-width:0}
+ /* White plate behind the code: a QR needs the light modules to actually be light, and this
+    page is dark. */
+ .qr{display:inline-block;background:#fff;padding:8px;border-radius:4px;margin:.2rem 0;line-height:0}
+ .qr svg{display:block;width:min(240px,60vw);height:auto}
+ .empty{border:1px dashed var(--rule);border-radius:3px;padding:1.4rem 1rem;
+        color:var(--dim);font-size:.9rem}
+ code,pre,.mono{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:.82rem}
+ code{overflow-wrap:anywhere;color:var(--trace)}
+ pre{background:#040d11;border:1px solid var(--rule);border-radius:3px;padding:.8rem;
+     overflow:auto;max-height:32rem;max-width:100%;color:var(--ink)}
+ a{color:var(--trace)}
+ button{font:500 .82rem/1 var(--mono);letter-spacing:.05em;background:var(--trace);
+        color:#04181a;border:0;border-radius:3px;padding:.55rem .9rem;cursor:pointer}
+ .btn{display:inline-block;font:500 .82rem/1 var(--mono);letter-spacing:.05em;
+      background:var(--trace);color:#04181a;border-radius:3px;padding:.55rem .9rem;
+      text-decoration:none}
+ button.plain{background:transparent;color:var(--dim);border:1px solid var(--rule)}
+ button.danger{background:transparent;color:var(--red);border:1px solid var(--red)}
+ button:hover{filter:brightness(1.08)}
+ input{font:.9rem var(--mono);background:#040d11;color:var(--ink);border:1px solid var(--rule);
+       border-radius:3px;padding:.55rem .6rem;max-width:100%;width:100%}
+ label{display:block;font:.72rem/1 var(--mono);letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;
+       color:var(--dim);margin:.9rem 0 .3rem}
+ .err{border:1px solid var(--red);color:var(--ink);background:rgba(194,87,87,.09);
+      padding:.6rem .75rem;border-radius:3px;font-size:.9rem}
+ .muted{color:var(--dim)}
+ form.inline{display:inline}
+ :focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--trace);outline-offset:2px}
+ @media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){*{transition:none!important;animation:none!important}}
+
+ /* ---- above 46rem the records line up in columns ------------------------------------ */
+ @media (min-width:46rem){
+   .top{padding:.85rem 1.6rem}
+   main{padding:1.6rem}
+   .recs{margin:.8rem 0}
+   /* Every row shares one grid, so the columns agree across rows without a header or a table. */
+   .rec{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(12.5rem,18rem) minmax(0,1fr) auto;gap:.35rem 1.4rem;
+        align-items:baseline;background:none;border:0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);
+        border-radius:0;padding:.6rem 0;margin:0}
+   .rec-head{margin:0;flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;gap:.3rem}
+   .rec form{margin:0}
+   /* Widths follow the content: a device name needs room, a finding count does not. */
+   .rec .readout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.7fr .9fr .9fr 1.1fr;gap:.15rem 1.2rem}
+   .rec .readout li{padding:0}
+   .rec .readout .lead{display:none}
+   .rec .readout .v{text-align:left}
+   .open{white-space:nowrap}
+   /* Spans the full row: the sentence is the useful part, not a fourth column. */
+   .why{grid-column:1/-1;margin-top:.1rem}
+ }
+</style></head><body>
+<header class="top">
+  <h1 class="mark">echo<span>lot</span></h1>
+  {{if ne .Page "login"}}
+  <nav>
+    <a href="/"{{if eq .Page "dashboard"}} aria-current="page"{{end}}>overview</a>
+    <a href="/devices"{{if eq .Page "devices"}} aria-current="page"{{end}}>devices</a>
+    <a href="/runs"{{if eq .Page "runs"}} aria-current="page"{{end}}>runs</a>
+  </nav>
+  <span class="who">{{.Session.Display}}{{if not .Session.Admin}} &middot; your account{{end}}
+    <form method="post" action="/logout" class="inline"><button class="plain">Sign out</button></form>
+  </span>
+  {{end}}
+</header>
+<main>
+
+{{if eq .Page "login"}}
+  <h2>Sign in</h2>
+  <p class="lede">This server keeps the measurements your devices have uploaded.</p>
+  {{if .OIDC}}
+    <p><a class="btn" href="/auth/start">Sign in with your identity provider</a></p>
+  {{end}}
+  {{if .LocalSet}}
+    <form method="post" action="/login" class="panel narrow">
+      <h3>Break-glass account</h3>
+      <label for="u">Username</label>
+      <input id="u" name="username" autocomplete="username" value="{{.AdminUser}}">
+      <label for="p">Password</label>
+      <input id="p" name="password" type="password" autocomplete="current-password">
+      <p><button>Sign in</button></p>
+    </form>
+  {{else}}
+    <p class="err">No break-glass account is set. Run
+      <code>echolot-server --set-admin-password</code> on the host to create one.</p>
+  {{end}}
+
+{{else if eq .Page "dashboard"}}
+  <h2>{{if .Admin}}This server{{else}}Your account{{end}}</h2>
+  <ul class="readout panel">
+    <li><span class="k">{{if .Admin}}devices enrolled{{else}}your devices{{end}}</span>
+        <span class="lead"></span><span class="v">{{.Devices}}</span></li>
+    {{if .Admin}}
+    <li><span class="k">linked to an account</span>
+        <span class="lead"></span><span class="v">{{.Linked}}</span></li>
+    {{end}}
+    <li><span class="k">{{if .Admin}}runs stored{{else}}your runs{{end}}</span>
+        <span class="lead"></span><span class="v">{{.Runs}}</span></li>
+    {{if .Admin}}
+    <li><span class="k">server version</span>
+        <span class="lead"></span><span class="v">{{.Version}}</span></li>
+    {{end}}
+  </ul>
+  {{if not .Admin}}
+  <div class="panel">
+    <p>You can see every device you have signed in on, read everything they have uploaded, and
+      delete any of it.</p>
+    <p class="muted">Enrolling devices, revoking them, and reading other people's uploads need an
+      administrator account.</p>
+  </div>
+  {{end}}
+  {{with .SelfTest}}
+  <h2>Self-test</h2>
+  <p class="lede">What this server can measure from where it stands, checked at startup. A
+    capability missing here is missing from every run this server takes part in &mdash; so a
+    client asking for that measurement gets nothing, rather than a wrong answer.</p>
+  <ul class="readout panel">
+    <li><span class="k">kernel settings</span><span class="lead"></span>
+      <span class="v {{if .SysctlOK}}v-green{{else}}v-yellow{{end}}">{{if .SysctlOK}}as needed{{else}}need attention{{end}}</span></li>
+    <li><span class="k">egress path MTU</span><span class="lead"></span>
+      <span class="v {{if .MTUOK}}v-green{{else}}v-yellow{{end}}">{{if .MTUOK}}full 1500{{else}}reduced{{end}}</span></li>
+  </ul>
+  {{if .Sysctls}}
+  <h3>Kernel settings</h3>
+  <div class="recs">
+  {{range .Sysctls}}
+    <div class="rec">
+      <div class="rec-head"><span class="id">{{.Name}}</span>
+        <span class="tag {{if eq .Severity "ok"}}v-green{{else}}v-yellow{{end}}">{{.Severity}}</span></div>
+      <ul class="readout">
+        <li><span class="k">found</span><span class="lead"></span><span class="v">{{.Got}}</span></li>
+        <li><span class="k">wanted</span><span class="lead"></span><span class="v">{{.Want}}</span></li>
+      </ul>
+      <div class="why">{{.Why}}</div>
+    </div>
+  {{end}}
+  </div>
+  {{end}}
+  {{if .EgressMTU}}
+  <h3>Egress path MTU</h3>
+  <div class="recs">
+  {{range .EgressMTU}}
+    <div class="rec">
+      <div class="rec-head"><span class="id">{{.Target}}</span>
+        <span class="tag {{if .FullMTU}}v-green{{else}}v-yellow{{end}}">{{if .FullMTU}}full{{else}}reduced{{end}}</span></div>
+      <ul class="readout">
+        <li><span class="k">discovered</span><span class="lead"></span>
+          <span class="v">{{if .DiscoveredMTU}}{{.DiscoveredMTU}} bytes{{else}}not measured{{end}}</span></li>
+      </ul>
+      {{with .Err}}<div class="why">{{.}}</div>{{end}}
+    </div>
+  {{end}}
+  </div>
+  {{end}}
+  {{end}}
+
+{{else if eq .Page "devices"}}
+  <h2>{{if .Admin}}Devices{{else}}Your devices{{end}}</h2>
+  {{with .Link}}
+  <div class="panel">
+    <h3>Enrolment link</h3>
+    <p class="lede">Single use, valid 24 hours. Treat it like a password until it is spent.</p>
+    <!-- On the phone being enrolled this is the whole procedure: the scheme is registered by the
+         app, so following the link hands it the token directly. Copying a 200-character string
+         between two devices is the step that goes wrong, and it does not have to happen at all. -->
+    {{with $.LinkHref}}<p><a class="btn" href="{{.}}">Open in the Echolot app</a></p>{{end}}
+    <p class="muted">Works on the phone you are enrolling. From another device, scan this:</p>
+    {{with $.LinkQR}}<div class="qr">{{.}}</div>{{end}}
+    <p class="muted">Or copy the link into the app's enrolment field, or deliver it over adb.</p>
+    <p><code>{{.}}</code></p>
+    <p class="muted mono">adb shell am start -a android.intent.action.VIEW -d "{{.}}"</p>
+  </div>
+  {{end}}
+  {{if .Admin}}
+  <form method="post" action="/enroll-tokens">
+    <input type="hidden" name="csrf" value="{{.CSRF}}">
+    <button>Create enrolment link</button>
+  </form>
+  {{end}}
+  {{if .Rows}}<div class="recs">
+  {{range .Rows}}
+    <div class="rec">
+      <div class="rec-head">
+        <span class="id">{{if .Name}}{{.Name}}{{else}}{{.ID}}{{end}}</span>
+        {{if .LinkedToAccount}}<span class="tag v-green">{{.AccountName}}</span>
+        {{else}}<span class="tag v-unknown">no account</span>{{end}}
+      </div>
+      <ul class="readout">
+        <li><span class="k">device</span><span class="lead"></span><span class="v">{{.ID}}</span></li>
+        <li><span class="k">enrolled</span><span class="lead"></span>
+            <span class="v">{{.Enrolled.Format "2006-01-02 15:04"}}</span></li>
+        <li><span class="k">runs</span><span class="lead"></span><span class="v">{{.Runs}}</span></li>
+      </ul>
+      {{if $.Admin}}
+      <form method="post" action="/devices/{{.ID}}/revoke">
+        <input type="hidden" name="csrf" value="{{$.CSRF}}">
+        <button class="danger">Revoke</button>
+      </form>
+      {{end}}
+    </div>
+  {{end}}
+  </div>{{else}}
+  <p class="empty">{{if .Admin}}No devices yet. Create an enrolment link and open it on the phone
+    you want to measure from.{{else}}No devices yet. Sign in from the Echolot app on your phone to
+    link one to this account.{{end}}</p>
+  {{end}}
+
+{{else if eq .Page "runs"}}
+  <h2>{{if .Admin}}Uploaded runs{{else}}Your uploaded runs{{end}}</h2>
+  <p class="lede">Each run is shown exactly as it arrived, at the privacy level its uploader chose.
+    Nothing here can un-redact one.</p>
+  {{if .Rows}}
+  <div class="trace">{{range .Rows}}<i class="{{verdictClass .Verdict}}"></i>{{end}}</div>
+  <p class="trace-key"><b>oldest &rarr; newest</b>
+    <b><em class="v-green"></em>clean</b>
+    <b><em class="v-yellow"></em>worth a look</b>
+    <b><em class="v-red"></em>faults</b>
+    <b><em class="v-inconclusive"></em>inconclusive</b></p>
+  {{end}}
+  {{if .Rows}}<div class="recs">
+  {{range .Rows}}
+    <div class="rec">
+      <div class="rec-head">
+        <span class="id">{{.UploadedAt.Format "2006-01-02 15:04"}}</span>
+        <span class="tag {{verdictClass .Verdict}}">{{verdictLabel .Verdict}}</span>
+      </div>
+      <ul class="readout">
+        <li><span class="k">device</span><span class="lead"></span><span class="v">{{.DeviceName}}</span></li>
+        <li><span class="k">findings</span><span class="lead"></span><span class="v">{{.FindingCount}}</span></li>
+        <li><span class="k">size</span><span class="lead"></span><span class="v">{{kb .SizeBytes}} kB</span></li>
+        <li><span class="k">privacy</span><span class="lead"></span><span class="v">{{.Anonymization}}</span></li>
+      </ul>
+      <div class="open"><a href="/runs/{{.DeviceID}}/{{.ID}}">Open run</a></div>
+    </div>
+  {{end}}
+  </div>{{else}}
+  <p class="empty">Nothing uploaded yet. Take a measurement in the app and upload it; it will
+    appear here.</p>
+  {{end}}
+
+{{else if eq .Page "run"}}
+  <h2>Run {{.ID}}</h2>
+  <p class="lede">The document as stored, indented for reading. Nothing has been added or removed.</p>
+  <form method="post" action="/runs/{{.Device}}/{{.ID}}/delete">
+    <input type="hidden" name="csrf" value="{{.CSRF}}">
+    <button class="danger">Delete this run</button>
+  </form>
+  <pre>{{.JSON}}</pre>
+{{end}}
+
+</main></body></html>
+`

server/internal/adminui/scope_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Echolot contributors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+package adminui
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"echo-lot.app/server/internal/adminauth"
+	"echo-lot.app/server/internal/runs"
+	"echo-lot.app/server/internal/store"
+)
+
+// Two accounts, one device each, plus an unlinked device nobody owns.
+func fixture(t *testing.T) (*Server, string, string, string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	st, err := store.Open(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	rs, err := runs.Open(dir, runs.DefaultPolicy())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	enroll := func(name string) string {
+		tok, err := st.NewEnrollToken(time.Hour, "test")
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		d, err := st.Redeem(tok, name)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		return d.ID
+	}
+	mine, theirs, orphan := enroll("mine"), enroll("theirs"), enroll("orphan")
+	if err := st.LinkAccount(mine, "oidc#me", "Me"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := st.LinkAccount(theirs, "oidc#you", "You"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	for _, d := range []string{mine, theirs, orphan} {
+		if _, err := rs.Put(d, []byte(`{"run":{"id":"r"}}`), true); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+	return &Server{Store: st, Runs: rs}, mine, theirs, orphan
+}
+
+func user() *adminauth.Session  { return &adminauth.Session{Subject: "oidc#me", Display: "Me"} }
+func admin() *adminauth.Session { return &adminauth.Session{Subject: "local:a", Admin: true} }
+
+func TestVisibleDevicesScopesToAccount(t *testing.T) {
+	s, mine, theirs, orphan := fixture(t)
+
+	got := s.visibleDevices(user())
+	if len(got) != 1 || got[0].ID != mine {
+		t.Fatalf("a user should see only their own device, got %+v", got)
+	}
+
+	all := s.visibleDevices(admin())
+	if len(all) != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("an admin should see every device, got %d", len(all))
+	}
+	_ = theirs
+	_ = orphan
+}
+
+func TestUnlinkedDevicesBelongToNobody(t *testing.T) {
+	// An enrolled but never-signed-in device is not "everyone's" — a user must not inherit it
+	// just because no account claimed it.
+	s, _, _, orphan := fixture(t)
+	if s.mayTouchRun(user(), orphan) {
+		t.Fatal("an unlinked device was treated as the user's own")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunAccessFollowsDeviceOwnership(t *testing.T) {
+	s, mine, theirs, _ := fixture(t)
+
+	if !s.mayTouchRun(user(), mine) {
+		t.Fatal("a user cannot reach their own run")
+	}
+	if s.mayTouchRun(user(), theirs) {
+		t.Fatal("a user reached someone else's run")
+	}
+	if !s.mayTouchRun(admin(), theirs) {
+		t.Fatal("an admin should reach any run")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAccessEndsWhenTheLinkDoes(t *testing.T) {
+	// Ownership is read from the device list on every request rather than captured at sign-in,
+	// so unlinking takes effect immediately — a session issued while linked must not keep working.
+	s, mine, _, _ := fixture(t)
+	sess := user()
+	if !s.mayTouchRun(sess, mine) {
+		t.Fatal("precondition: the device should start out owned")
+	}
+	if err := s.Store.LinkAccount(mine, "", ""); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if s.mayTouchRun(sess, mine) {
+		t.Fatal("access survived the account link being removed")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEmptySubjectMatchesNothing(t *testing.T) {
+	// The dangerous degenerate case: a session with no subject must own nothing, not everything
+	// that happens to have an empty account id.
+	s, _, _, _ := fixture(t)
+	anon := &adminauth.Session{Subject: "", Display: ""}
+	if got := s.visibleDevices(anon); len(got) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("an empty subject matched %d devices", len(got))
+	}
+}

server/internal/canarydns/canarydns.go

@@ -63,20 +63,24 @@ type Server struct {
 	nsName    string // this server's own name for NS/authority answers
 	primaryV4 netip.Addr
 	primaryV6 netip.Addr
+	retention time.Duration // query-log age limit; <= 0 means only the ring cap bounds it
 
-	mu       sync.Mutex
+	mu  sync.Mutex
-	log      []Query // ring, newest last
+	log []Query // ring, newest last
-	retainTo time.Time
 }
 
 const logCap = 8192
 
 // New creates a server for zone (with or without trailing dot). nsName is the
 // server's own hostname (for the zone's NS record); primary v4/v6 are this
-// host's addresses used to answer the zone apex / NS glue.
+// host's addresses used to answer the zone apex / NS glue. retention is how
-func New(zone, nsName string, v4, v6 netip.Addr) *Server {
+// long logged queries are kept (spec §6; the privacy default is 24 h).
+func New(zone, nsName string, v4, v6 netip.Addr, retention time.Duration) *Server {
 	z := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSuffix(zone, ".")) + "."
-	return &Server{zone: z, nsName: strings.TrimSuffix(nsName, ".") + ".", primaryV4: v4, primaryV6: v6}
+	return &Server{
+		zone: z, nsName: strings.TrimSuffix(nsName, ".") + ".",
+		primaryV4: v4, primaryV6: v6, retention: retention,
+	}
 }
 
 // RecentForPrefix returns logged queries whose qname contains ".<prefix>."
@@ -84,6 +88,7 @@ func New(zone, nsName string, v4, v6 netip.Addr) *Server {
 func (s *Server) RecentForPrefix(prefix string) []Query {
 	s.mu.Lock()
 	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	s.dropExpiredLocked(time.Now().UTC())
 	needle := "." + strings.ToLower(prefix) + "."
 	var out []Query
 	for _, q := range s.log {
@@ -97,12 +102,34 @@ func (s *Server) RecentForPrefix(prefix string) []Query {
 func (s *Server) record(q Query) {
 	s.mu.Lock()
 	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	s.dropExpiredLocked(q.At)
 	if len(s.log) >= logCap {
 		s.log = s.log[1:]
 	}
 	s.log = append(s.log, q)
 }
 
+// dropExpiredLocked enforces the retention window on the query log.
+//
+// The 24-hour retention was advertised as the privacy default (spec §6/§7) and then not
+// enforced: the ring only bounded *count*, so on a quiet server a resolver's queries could sit
+// in memory for weeks. Aged out on every write and every read — whichever comes first — so an
+// idle log still forgets on schedule the moment anyone looks. Entries are appended in time
+// order, so expiry is always a prefix of the slice.
+func (s *Server) dropExpiredLocked(now time.Time) {
+	if s.retention <= 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	cutoff := now.Add(-s.retention)
+	i := 0
+	for i < len(s.log) && s.log[i].At.Before(cutoff) {
+		i++
+	}
+	if i > 0 {
+		s.log = append([]Query(nil), s.log[i:]...) // reallocate so the old backing array frees
+	}
+}
+
 // ServeUDP / ServeTCP run read loops; call one per bound address.
 func (s *Server) ServeUDP(conn *net.UDPConn) error {
 	buf := make([]byte, 1500)

server/internal/canarydns/canarydns_test.go

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"testing"
+	"time"
 )
 
 // buildQuery makes a single-question DNS query, optionally with an EDNS OPT.
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ func parseResponse(t *testing.T, resp []byte) (flags uint16, answers []ans) {
 }
 
 func newTestServer() *Server {
-	return New("c.echo-lot.app", "fmr", netip.MustParseAddr("192.0.2.1"), netip.MustParseAddr("2001:db8::1"))
+	return New("c.echo-lot.app", "fmr", netip.MustParseAddr("192.0.2.1"), netip.MustParseAddr("2001:db8::1"), 24*time.Hour)
 }
 
 func TestReferenceRecords(t *testing.T) {
@@ -159,3 +160,29 @@ func TestOutOfZoneNXDomain(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("out-of-zone should be NXDOMAIN, flags=%#x", flags)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestQueryLogRetentionForgetsOldEntries(t *testing.T) {
+	s := newTestServer() // 24 h retention
+	now := time.Now().UTC()
+	s.record(Query{QName: "old.sess1.c.echo-lot.app", At: now.Add(-25 * time.Hour)})
+	s.record(Query{QName: "fresh.sess1.c.echo-lot.app", At: now})
+
+	got := s.RecentForPrefix("sess1")
+	if len(got) != 1 || got[0].QName != "fresh.sess1.c.echo-lot.app" {
+		t.Fatalf("retention not enforced: %+v", got)
+	}
+
+	// Reads must age the log too: an idle server still has to forget on schedule.
+	s.log[0].At = now.Add(-25 * time.Hour)
+	if got := s.RecentForPrefix("sess1"); len(got) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("read path did not expire entries: %+v", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestZeroRetentionKeepsEverything(t *testing.T) {
+	s := New("c.echo-lot.app", "fmr", netip.MustParseAddr("192.0.2.1"), netip.MustParseAddr("2001:db8::1"), 0)
+	s.record(Query{QName: "ancient.sess1.c.echo-lot.app", At: time.Now().UTC().Add(-1000 * time.Hour)})
+	if got := s.RecentForPrefix("sess1"); len(got) != 1 {
+		t.Fatal("retention 0 must mean 'ring cap only', not 'keep nothing'")
+	}
+}

server/internal/certreload/certreload.go

@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Echolot contributors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+// Package certreload serves a TLS certificate that can be replaced on disk without a restart.
+//
+// The hard part of TLS is never termination — the stdlib does that — it is renewal. A certificate
+// obtained from an ACME client expires every sixty days, and the usual arrangement is a renewal
+// hook that reloads or restarts the service. That hook is the part that quietly fails: it works
+// when it is written and then, months later, does not, and nobody notices until the certificate
+// has already expired.
+//
+// So the certificate is re-read when the file changes. There is no hook to forget, no reload to
+// coordinate, and a renewal that drops new files in place is picked up on the next handshake.
+//
+// Deliberately not used for the control plane. Clients pin that certificate's public key
+// (probe-protocol.md §1), so swapping it at runtime would silently break every enrolled device —
+// there the operator *should* have to think, and a restart is the least of what a key rotation
+// costs. Two listeners, two different right answers.
+package certreload
+
+import (
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// Reloader holds a certificate and refreshes it when the files on disk change.
+type Reloader struct {
+	certPath, keyPath string
+
+	mu       sync.RWMutex
+	cert     *tls.Certificate
+	certMod  time.Time
+	keyMod   time.Time
+	checked  time.Time
+	interval time.Duration
+}
+
+// New loads the pair once so a bad path fails at startup rather than at the first handshake,
+// when the only symptom is a connection error at the far end.
+func New(certPath, keyPath string) (*Reloader, error) {
+	r := &Reloader{certPath: certPath, keyPath: keyPath, interval: 30 * time.Second}
+	if err := r.load(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return r, nil
+}
+
+// TLSConfig returns a config that asks this reloader for the certificate on every handshake.
+func (r *Reloader) TLSConfig() *tls.Config {
+	return &tls.Config{
+		MinVersion:     tls.VersionTLS12,
+		GetCertificate: r.getCertificate,
+	}
+}
+
+func (r *Reloader) getCertificate(*tls.ClientHelloInfo) (*tls.Certificate, error) {
+	r.maybeReload()
+	r.mu.RLock()
+	defer r.mu.RUnlock()
+	if r.cert == nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no certificate loaded")
+	}
+	return r.cert, nil
+}
+
+// maybeReload stats the files at most once per interval.
+//
+// Rate-limited because this runs on every handshake: a busy listener would otherwise stat twice
+// per connection, and a certificate that is thirty seconds stale has never mattered to anyone.
+func (r *Reloader) maybeReload() {
+	r.mu.RLock()
+	fresh := time.Since(r.checked) < r.interval
+	r.mu.RUnlock()
+	if fresh {
+		return
+	}
+
+	r.mu.Lock()
+	r.checked = time.Now()
+	certMod, keyMod := modTime(r.certPath), modTime(r.keyPath)
+	unchanged := certMod.Equal(r.certMod) && keyMod.Equal(r.keyMod)
+	r.mu.Unlock()
+	if unchanged {
+		return
+	}
+	// A failed reload keeps the certificate already in memory. Renewal tools write the two files
+	// separately, so there is a window where the pair does not match; serving the previous
+	// certificate through that window is strictly better than serving none.
+	_ = r.load()
+}
+
+func (r *Reloader) load() error {
+	cert, err := tls.LoadX509KeyPair(r.certPath, r.keyPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("loading %s / %s: %w", r.certPath, r.keyPath, err)
+	}
+	r.mu.Lock()
+	defer r.mu.Unlock()
+	r.cert = &cert
+	r.certMod, r.keyMod = modTime(r.certPath), modTime(r.keyPath)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// NotAfter is when the loaded certificate expires, for the admin UI to show and for a startup
+// warning. An expiry an operator can see is one they can act on before a browser tells them.
+func (r *Reloader) NotAfter() time.Time {
+	r.mu.RLock()
+	defer r.mu.RUnlock()
+	if r.cert == nil || r.cert.Leaf == nil {
+		return time.Time{}
+	}
+	return r.cert.Leaf.NotAfter
+}
+
+func modTime(path string) time.Time {
+	fi, err := os.Stat(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return time.Time{}
+	}
+	return fi.ModTime()
+}

server/internal/certreload/certreload_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Echolot contributors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+package certreload
+
+import (
+	"crypto/ecdsa"
+	"crypto/elliptic"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"crypto/x509"
+	"crypto/x509/pkix"
+	"encoding/pem"
+	"math/big"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func writePair(t *testing.T, dir, cn string) (string, string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	key, err := ecdsa.GenerateKey(elliptic.P256(), rand.Reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	tmpl := x509.Certificate{
+		SerialNumber: big.NewInt(time.Now().UnixNano()),
+		Subject:      pkix.Name{CommonName: cn},
+		NotBefore:    time.Now().Add(-time.Hour),
+		NotAfter:     time.Now().Add(24 * time.Hour),
+	}
+	der, err := x509.CreateCertificate(rand.Reader, &tmpl, &tmpl, &key.PublicKey, key)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	certPath := filepath.Join(dir, "cert.pem")
+	keyPath := filepath.Join(dir, "key.pem")
+	cb := pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{Type: "CERTIFICATE", Bytes: der})
+	kb, _ := x509.MarshalECPrivateKey(key)
+	if err := os.WriteFile(certPath, cb, 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(keyPath, pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{Type: "EC PRIVATE KEY", Bytes: kb}), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return certPath, keyPath
+}
+
+func TestBadPathsFailAtStartupNotAtHandshake(t *testing.T) {
+	if _, err := New("/nonexistent/cert.pem", "/nonexistent/key.pem"); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("a missing certificate was accepted; the failure would surface as an " +
+			"unexplained connection error at the client instead")
+	}
+}
+
+// The whole point: a renewal that drops new files in place is picked up without a restart and
+// without a reload hook that can silently stop working.
+func TestANewCertificateOnDiskIsPickedUp(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	certPath, keyPath := writePair(t, dir, "first")
+	r, err := New(certPath, keyPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	r.interval = 0 // check on every handshake, rather than waiting out the rate limit
+
+	got, err := r.getCertificate(nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	first := got.Leaf
+
+	time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond) // ensure a distinct mtime
+	writePair(t, dir, "second")
+
+	got, err = r.getCertificate(nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if got.Leaf != nil && first != nil && got.Leaf.SerialNumber.Cmp(first.SerialNumber) == 0 {
+		t.Fatal("the replaced certificate was not picked up")
+	}
+}
+
+// Renewal tools write the certificate and the key separately, so there is a window where the two
+// do not match. Serving the previous certificate through it beats serving none.
+func TestAHalfWrittenPairKeepsTheOldCertificate(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	certPath, keyPath := writePair(t, dir, "good")
+	r, err := New(certPath, keyPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	r.interval = 0
+
+	time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
+	if err := os.WriteFile(certPath, []byte("-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\ntruncated\n"), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	got, err := r.getCertificate(nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("a torn write took the listener down: %v", err)
+	}
+	if got == nil {
+		t.Fatal("no certificate served during a torn write")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExpiryIsVisible(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	certPath, keyPath := writePair(t, dir, "x")
+	r, err := New(certPath, keyPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if got := r.NotAfter(); got.IsZero() || time.Until(got) > 48*time.Hour {
+		t.Fatalf("expiry not reported sensibly: %v", got)
+	}
+}

server/internal/config/addrs_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Echolot contributors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+package config
+
+import "testing"
+
+// The fixture is fmr's real UDP listen spec, because the point of deriving these from the bound
+// listeners is that they cannot disagree with what the server actually answers on.
+const fmrUDP = "89.185.109.150:8442,89.185.109.151:8442," +
+	"[2001:1ad0:c4fe:6767::150]:8442,[2001:1ad0:c4fe:6767::151]:8442"
+
+func TestMeasurementAddrsSplitsPrimaryFromReserved(t *testing.T) {
+	c := &Config{
+		UDPListen:     fmrUDP,
+		ReservedAddrs: "89.185.109.151,2001:1ad0:c4fe:6767::151",
+	}
+	ip4, ip6, ip4Alt, ip6Alt := c.MeasurementAddrs()
+	for _, tc := range []struct{ got, want, name string }{
+		{ip4, "89.185.109.150", "ip4"},
+		{ip6, "2001:1ad0:c4fe:6767::150", "ip6"},
+		{ip4Alt, "89.185.109.151", "ip4_alt"},
+		{ip6Alt, "2001:1ad0:c4fe:6767::151", "ip6_alt"},
+	} {
+		if tc.got != tc.want {
+			t.Errorf("%s = %q, want %q", tc.name, tc.got, tc.want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMeasurementAddrsWithNothingReserved(t *testing.T) {
+	// No reservation means no alternate: reporting a second address as the RFC 5780 alternate
+	// when it was never set aside for that would tell a client to expect a redirect that the
+	// server has no intention of sending.
+	c := &Config{UDPListen: fmrUDP}
+	ip4, ip6, ip4Alt, ip6Alt := c.MeasurementAddrs()
+	if ip4 == "" || ip6 == "" {
+		t.Fatalf("primaries should still be found: ip4=%q ip6=%q", ip4, ip6)
+	}
+	if ip4Alt != "" || ip6Alt != "" {
+		t.Errorf("no address is reserved, so there is no alternate; got %q / %q", ip4Alt, ip6Alt)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMeasurementAddrsIgnoresWhatItCannotRead(t *testing.T) {
+	// A wildcard bind names no address, and a hostname is not resolved here. Either would be a
+	// guess presented to clients as fact.
+	c := &Config{UDPListen: ":8442,probe.example.net:8442,89.185.109.150:8442"}
+	ip4, ip6, _, _ := c.MeasurementAddrs()
+	if ip4 != "89.185.109.150" {
+		t.Errorf("ip4 = %q, want the one address that was actually spelled out", ip4)
+	}
+	if ip6 != "" {
+		t.Errorf("ip6 = %q, want empty — none was configured", ip6)
+	}
+}

server/internal/config/config.go

@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ package config
 import (
 	"flag"
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net"
 	"os"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
@@ -39,6 +41,24 @@ type Config struct {
 	// Admin UI / health listener (spec §7: localhost-only by default)
 	AdminListen string // ECHOLOT_ADMIN_LISTEN / --admin-listen
 
+	// ReservedAddrs are IPs reserved for measurement: addresses whose listening state must stay
+	// known, so that "nothing answered on port 443" is a fact about the network rather than a
+	// fact about this server's configuration. Enforced by CheckReserved.
+	ReservedAddrs string // ECHOLOT_RESERVED_ADDRS / --reserved-addrs
+
+	// ControlHostname lets the control plane share port 443 with the admin UI.
+	//
+	// They cannot share a certificate: the control plane is trusted by SPKI pin and so uses a
+	// long-lived self-signed certificate, while a browser needs one a CA vouches for. One name on
+	// one port means one certificate, so sharing the port requires two names — this one selects
+	// the pinned certificate and the control-plane routes by SNI, everything else gets the admin
+	// UI. Empty leaves the control plane on its own listener only.
+	//
+	// Why bother: captive portals and corporate firewalls routinely permit only 80 and 443, which
+	// are exactly the networks this tool exists to diagnose. A control plane on 8443 is
+	// unreachable precisely when it matters most.
+	ControlHostname string // ECHOLOT_CONTROL_HOSTNAME / --control-hostname
+
 	// State directory: device store, generated TLS material.
 	StateDir string // ECHOLOT_STATE_DIR / --state-dir
 
@@ -50,6 +70,11 @@ type Config struct {
 	// e.g. https://git.example.net/api/v1/repos/owner/repo
 	SelfUpdateAPI string // ECHOLOT_SELF_UPDATE_API / --self-update-api
 
+	// SelfUpdatePubKey overrides the release-signing public key baked into the binary
+	// (selfupdate.DefaultPublicKeyB64) — for operators running their own release pipeline
+	// against their own Gitea. Empty = the built-in project key.
+	SelfUpdatePubKey string // ECHOLOT_SELF_UPDATE_PUBKEY / --self-update-pubkey
+
 	// Uploaded-run storage. The default is "anonymous": any enrolled device may upload,
 	// which is what a self-hosted server wants. Operators of shared servers turn it down.
 	UploadsMode         string // ECHOLOT_UPLOADS / --uploads (off|anonymous|account)
@@ -58,6 +83,18 @@ type Config struct {
 	UploadMaxRuns       int    // ECHOLOT_UPLOAD_MAX_RUNS / --upload-max-runs (per device)
 	UploadMinAnon       string // ECHOLOT_UPLOAD_MIN_ANONYMIZATION / --upload-min-anonymization
 
+	// Rate limits (spec §2.5), each applied per credential and per source IP. 0 disables a
+	// ceiling. The UDP ceilings are deliberately above the largest legitimate run (a 200 Mbps
+	// upstream throughput test is ~21k pps of 1472-byte packets), so they only ever catch abuse
+	// — a rate limit that clips a real measurement produces a confidently wrong number.
+	RateSessionsPerMin int // ECHOLOT_RATE_SESSIONS_PER_MIN / --rate-sessions-per-min
+	RateActionsPerMin  int // ECHOLOT_RATE_ACTIONS_PER_MIN / --rate-actions-per-min
+	RateUDPPps         int // ECHOLOT_RATE_UDP_PPS / --rate-udp-pps
+	RateUDPKbps        int // ECHOLOT_RATE_UDP_KBPS / --rate-udp-kbps
+
+	// How long canary DNS query logs are kept, in hours (spec §6; privacy default 24).
+	DNSLogRetentionH int // ECHOLOT_DNS_LOG_RETENTION_H / --dns-log-retention-h
+
 	// Client compatibility window. Bounds are SemVer; an empty maximum means unbounded. The
 	// defaults sit at breaking boundaries, so shipping a patch never requires changing them.
 	MinAppVersion string // ECHOLOT_MIN_APP_VERSION / --min-app-version
@@ -67,10 +104,63 @@ type Config struct {
 	// first control listen address.
 	PublicControlURL string // ECHOLOT_PUBLIC_URL / --public-url
 
+	// Identity provider. Empty issuer disables sign-in entirely; the server is a relying
+	// party and never stores passwords.
+	OIDCIssuer      string // ECHOLOT_OIDC_ISSUER / --oidc-issuer
+	OIDCClientID    string // ECHOLOT_OIDC_CLIENT_ID / --oidc-client-id (confidential, admin UI)
+	OIDCAppClientID string // ECHOLOT_OIDC_APP_CLIENT_ID / --oidc-app-client-id (public, the phone app)
+	// Issuer for the app's client, when the IdP gives each application its own.
+	//
+	// Authentik derives the issuer from the application slug, so two applications mean two
+	// issuers — and a token's `iss` must match the one that minted it. Empty means both clients
+	// share ECHOLOT_OIDC_ISSUER, which is what IdPs with a single global issuer do.
+	OIDCAppIssuer  string // ECHOLOT_OIDC_APP_ISSUER / --oidc-app-issuer
+	OIDCAdminGroup string // ECHOLOT_OIDC_ADMIN_GROUP / --oidc-admin-group
+
+	// Break-glass admin username; the password lives hashed in the state store.
+	AdminUser string // ECHOLOT_ADMIN_USER / --admin-user
+
+	// Secret for the *confidential* admin client. Prefer ECHOLOT_OIDC_CLIENT_SECRET_FILE: a path
+	// keeps the secret out of the environment, where it is readable by anything that can see
+	// /proc/<pid>/environ and lands in every dump of the unit's configuration.
+	OIDCClientSecret string // ECHOLOT_OIDC_CLIENT_SECRET / _FILE
+
+	// Where the admin UI is reachable, used to build the OIDC redirect URI. Must match what is
+	// registered at the IdP exactly.
+	AdminBaseURL string // ECHOLOT_ADMIN_BASE_URL / --admin-base-url
+	// TLS for the admin listener. Without these it serves plaintext, which is only acceptable on
+	// loopback — see checkAdminExposure.
+	AdminTLSCert string // ECHOLOT_ADMIN_TLS_CERT / --admin-tls-cert
+	AdminTLSKey  string // ECHOLOT_ADMIN_TLS_KEY / --admin-tls-key
+	// Deliberate override for serving the admin UI in plaintext off loopback, so that decision
+	// is made rather than stumbled into.
+	AdminInsecure bool // ECHOLOT_ADMIN_INSECURE / --admin-insecure
+
+	// Port-80 listener that answers ACME HTTP-01 challenges and redirects everything else to
+	// the admin UI. Empty disables it. HTTP-01 always arrives on port 80 — the CA picks the
+	// port — so this never collides with the admin UI on 443.
+	ACMEHTTPListen string // ECHOLOT_ACME_HTTP_LISTEN / --acme-http-listen
+	// Directory an ACME client writes challenge tokens into. Defaults to <state-dir>/acme.
+	ACMEWebroot string // ECHOLOT_ACME_WEBROOT / --acme-webroot
+
 	// Mode
 	Docker bool // --docker (or autodetected; env ECHOLOT_DOCKER=1 forces)
 }
 
+// secretOr reads ECHOLOT_<key>, or the contents of the file named by ECHOLOT_<key>_FILE.
+//
+// The file form exists because a secret in the environment is readable by anything that can see
+// /proc/<pid>/environ and lands in every dump of the unit's configuration. A path costs nothing
+// and keeps the value in one file whose permissions an operator can reason about.
+func secretOr(key, def string) string {
+	if path := envOr(key+"_FILE", ""); path != "" {
+		if b, err := os.ReadFile(path); err == nil {
+			return strings.TrimSpace(string(b))
+		}
+	}
+	return envOr(key, def)
+}
+
 // envInt reads ECHOLOT_<key> as an integer with a fallback.
 func envInt(key string, def int) int {
 	if v := envOr(key, ""); v != "" {
@@ -107,21 +197,48 @@ func Load(args []string) (*Config, *Actions, error) {
 	fs.StringVar(&c.HTTPEchoListen, "http-echo-listen", envOr("HTTP_ECHO_LISTEN", ""), "optional CLEARTEXT http-echo listen address(es); empty disables (spec §4)")
 	fs.StringVar(&c.MTUProbeTargets, "mtu-probe-targets", envOr("MTU_PROBE_TARGETS", "1.1.1.1,2606:4700:4700::1111"), "egress-MTU self-proof anchors, comma-separated")
 	fs.StringVar(&c.AdminListen, "admin-listen", envOr("ADMIN_LISTEN", "127.0.0.1:8444"), "admin/health listen address (keep localhost)")
+	fs.StringVar(&c.ControlHostname, "control-hostname", envOr("CONTROL_HOSTNAME", ""), "hostname that selects the pinned control-plane certificate when sharing the admin UI's port")
+	fs.StringVar(&c.ReservedAddrs, "reserved-addrs", envOr("RESERVED_ADDRS", ""), "comma-separated IPs reserved for measurement; no listener but the STUN alternate may bind them")
 	fs.StringVar(&c.StateDir, "state-dir", envOr("STATE_DIR", defaultStateDir()), "state directory (device store, generated TLS)")
 	fs.StringVar(&c.Name, "name", envOr("NAME", "echolot"), "server profile name")
 	fs.StringVar(&c.SelfUpdateAPI, "self-update-api", envOr("SELF_UPDATE_API", ""), "Gitea repo API base for self-update; empty disables")
+	fs.StringVar(&c.SelfUpdatePubKey, "self-update-pubkey", envOr("SELF_UPDATE_PUBKEY", ""), "release-signing public key (base64 ed25519) self-update verifies against; empty uses the built-in project key")
 	fs.StringVar(&c.UploadsMode, "uploads", envOr("UPLOADS", "anonymous"), "who may upload measurement runs: off|anonymous|account")
 	fs.Int64Var(&c.UploadMaxBytes, "upload-max-bytes", int64(envInt("UPLOAD_MAX_BYTES", 4<<20)), "largest accepted uploaded run, bytes")
 	fs.IntVar(&c.UploadRetentionDays, "upload-retention-days", envInt("UPLOAD_RETENTION_DAYS", 90), "delete uploaded runs older than this; 0 disables")
 	fs.IntVar(&c.UploadMaxRuns, "upload-max-runs", envInt("UPLOAD_MAX_RUNS", 200), "keep at most this many runs per device; 0 disables")
 	fs.StringVar(&c.UploadMinAnon, "upload-min-anonymization", envOr("UPLOAD_MIN_ANONYMIZATION", "full"), "least anonymization accepted: full|balanced|strict")
+	fs.StringVar(&c.OIDCIssuer, "oidc-issuer", envOr("OIDC_ISSUER", ""), "OpenID Connect issuer URL; empty disables sign-in")
+	fs.StringVar(&c.OIDCClientID, "oidc-client-id", envOr("OIDC_CLIENT_ID", ""), "confidential OIDC client id for the admin UI")
+	fs.StringVar(&c.OIDCAppClientID, "oidc-app-client-id", envOr("OIDC_APP_CLIENT_ID", ""), "public OIDC client id used by the Android app (PKCE)")
+	fs.StringVar(&c.OIDCAppIssuer, "oidc-app-issuer", envOr("OIDC_APP_ISSUER", ""), "issuer for the app client when the IdP uses per-application issuers; empty = same as --oidc-issuer")
+	fs.StringVar(&c.OIDCAdminGroup, "oidc-admin-group", envOr("OIDC_ADMIN_GROUP", ""), "group claim required for admin access; empty means nobody is an admin via OIDC")
+	fs.StringVar(&c.OIDCClientSecret, "oidc-client-secret", secretOr("OIDC_CLIENT_SECRET", ""), "secret for the confidential admin client; prefer ECHOLOT_OIDC_CLIENT_SECRET_FILE")
+	fs.StringVar(&c.AdminBaseURL, "admin-base-url", envOr("ADMIN_BASE_URL", ""), "public URL of the admin UI, for the OIDC redirect (e.g. https://admin.example.net)")
+	fs.StringVar(&c.AdminTLSCert, "admin-tls-cert", envOr("ADMIN_TLS_CERT", ""), "TLS certificate for the admin listener")
+	fs.StringVar(&c.AdminTLSKey, "admin-tls-key", envOr("ADMIN_TLS_KEY", ""), "TLS key for the admin listener")
+	fs.BoolVar(&c.AdminInsecure, "admin-insecure", envOr("ADMIN_INSECURE", "") == "1", "allow the admin UI in plaintext off loopback (you are on your own)")
+	fs.StringVar(&c.ACMEHTTPListen, "acme-http-listen", envOr("ACME_HTTP_LISTEN", ""), "port-80 listener for ACME HTTP-01 challenges and http->https redirects")
+	fs.StringVar(&c.ACMEWebroot, "acme-webroot", envOr("ACME_WEBROOT", ""), "directory an ACME client writes challenges into (default <state-dir>/acme)")
 	fs.StringVar(&c.PublicControlURL, "public-url", envOr("PUBLIC_URL", ""), "public control-plane URL for enrollment links, e.g. https://probe.example.net:8443")
+	fs.IntVar(&c.RateSessionsPerMin, "rate-sessions-per-min", envInt("RATE_SESSIONS_PER_MIN", 10), "per-credential and per-IP ceiling on session creation (spec §2.5); 0 disables")
+	fs.IntVar(&c.RateActionsPerMin, "rate-actions-per-min", envInt("RATE_ACTIONS_PER_MIN", 60), "per-credential and per-IP ceiling on §5 actions; 0 disables")
+	fs.IntVar(&c.RateUDPPps, "rate-udp-pps", envInt("RATE_UDP_PPS", 25_000), "per-credential and per-IP data-plane packet ceiling, packets/s, silent drop; 0 disables")
+	fs.IntVar(&c.RateUDPKbps, "rate-udp-kbps", envInt("RATE_UDP_KBPS", 250_000), "per-credential and per-IP data-plane byte ceiling, kbit/s, silent drop; 0 disables")
+	fs.IntVar(&c.DNSLogRetentionH, "dns-log-retention-h", envInt("DNS_LOG_RETENTION_H", 24), "hours canary DNS query logs are kept (spec §6 privacy default 24); 0 keeps until the ring overwrites")
 	fs.StringVar(&c.MinAppVersion, "min-app-version", envOr("MIN_APP_VERSION", "0.2.0"), "oldest app version this server will serve (SemVer, inclusive)")
 	fs.StringVar(&c.MaxAppVersion, "max-app-version", envOr("MAX_APP_VERSION", "1.0.0"), "first app version this server will refuse (SemVer, exclusive); empty = unbounded")
 	fs.BoolVar(&c.Docker, "docker", envOr("DOCKER", "") == "1", "force container mode (config from env, no systemd/self-update)")
 
 	fs.BoolVar(&a.InstallSystemd, "install-systemd", false, "install a systemd unit for this binary and exit")
 	fs.BoolVar(&a.UninstallSystemd, "uninstall-systemd", false, "remove the systemd unit and exit")
+	var daemon bool
+	fs.BoolVar(&a.Serve, "serve", false, "run the server (bind listeners and answer requests)")
+	fs.BoolVar(&daemon, "daemon", false, "alias for --serve")
+	fs.BoolVar(&a.SetAdminPassword, "set-admin-password", false,
+		"set the break-glass admin password (username as --admin-user, password read from stdin) and exit")
+	fs.StringVar(&c.AdminUser, "admin-user", envOr("ADMIN_USER", "admin"), "username for the break-glass admin")
+	fs.StringVar(&a.MintEnrollToken, "mint-enroll-token", "", "mint a single-use enrollment link (argument is a note for the audit log) and exit")
 	fs.BoolVar(&a.SelfUpdate, "self-update", false, "check for a newer release, replace this binary, and exit")
 	fs.BoolVar(&a.Version, "version", false, "print version and exit")
 
@@ -131,12 +248,141 @@ func Load(args []string) (*Config, *Actions, error) {
 	if !c.Docker {
 		c.Docker = inContainer()
 	}
+	a.Serve = a.Serve || daemon
+	// No verb at all means the caller has not said what they want. Usage is the answer, and it
+	// is a usage error rather than success — otherwise a service manager sees a clean exit and
+	// concludes the server ran and finished.
+	if !a.Serve && !a.InstallSystemd && !a.UninstallSystemd && !a.SelfUpdate &&
+		!a.SetAdminPassword && !a.Version && a.MintEnrollToken == "" {
+		a.Help = true
+	}
+	if a.Serve {
+		if err := c.checkAdminExposure(); err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, err
+		}
+		if err := c.CheckReserved(c.Listeners()); err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, err
+		}
+	}
 	if c.Docker && (a.InstallSystemd || a.UninstallSystemd || a.SelfUpdate) {
 		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("systemd/self-update actions are native-mode only (container detected; override with ECHOLOT_DOCKER=0 if this is wrong)")
 	}
 	return c, a, nil
 }
 
+// Usage prints the verbs first and the tuning flags second, because the question someone has
+// when they run this by name is "what does it do", not "what can I set".
+func Usage(w io.Writer) {
+	fmt.Fprint(w, `echolot-server — the Echolot probe server
+
+USAGE
+  echolot-server --serve                 run the server
+  echolot-server --version               print the version
+  echolot-server --install-systemd       install and enable a systemd unit
+  echolot-server --uninstall-systemd     remove it
+  echolot-server --self-update           replace this binary with the latest release
+  echolot-server --set-admin-password    set the break-glass admin password (stdin)
+  echolot-server --help                  full flag list
+
+Every flag can also be set as an environment variable: --control-listen becomes
+ECHOLOT_CONTROL_LISTEN. In a container, configuration comes from the environment.
+
+Running with no verb prints this and exits non-zero: starting to serve the internet
+should be something you asked for.
+`)
+}
+
+// checkAdminExposure refuses to serve an unencrypted admin UI on a non-loopback address.
+//
+// The admin session cookie is a bearer credential for everything this server can do, and the OIDC
+// authorization code arrives in a URL. In plaintext, both are readable by anyone on the path — and
+// on a globally routable address "the path" means the internet. This is a hard stop rather than a
+// warning because a warning in a log is not read by the person who most needs it, and because the
+// two safe answers are cheap: bind to loopback and tunnel, or supply a certificate.
+func (c *Config) checkAdminExposure() error {
+	if c.AdminTLSCert != "" || c.AdminInsecure {
+		return nil
+	}
+	for _, addr := range Addrs(c.AdminListen) {
+		host, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(addr)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		ip := net.ParseIP(strings.Trim(host, "[]"))
+		if host == "" || ip == nil || ip.IsLoopback() {
+			continue // loopback, or a name we cannot judge; RFC 8252 blesses loopback plaintext
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf(
+			"refusing to serve the admin UI in plaintext on %s: the session cookie and the OIDC "+
+				"authorization code would cross the network in the clear.\n"+
+				"  Fix it one of three ways:\n"+
+				"    - bind to 127.0.0.1 and reach it over an SSH tunnel (no certificate needed)\n"+
+				"    - set ECHOLOT_ADMIN_TLS_CERT and ECHOLOT_ADMIN_TLS_KEY\n"+
+				"    - set ECHOLOT_ADMIN_INSECURE=1 if you genuinely mean it", addr)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Listeners enumerates every configured listen spec, for CheckReserved.
+//
+// Kept as one list here rather than checked at each call site, so a listener added later is
+// caught by the compiler when this function is updated — and, more to the point, so that the
+// person adding one sees the reserved-address rule exists at all.
+func (c *Config) Listeners() []Listener {
+	return []Listener{
+		// The instrument: these belong on the reserved addresses as much as anywhere.
+		{Name: "control-listen", Spec: c.ControlListen, Measurement: true},
+		{Name: "udp-listen", Spec: c.UDPListen, Measurement: true},
+		{Name: "tcp-listen", Spec: c.TCPListen, Measurement: true},
+		{Name: "dns-listen", Spec: c.DNSListen, Measurement: true},
+		{Name: "stun-listen", Spec: c.StunListen, Measurement: true},
+		// http-echo is deliberately not marked as measurement: it is cleartext HTTP, so on a
+		// reserved address it would be the very listener that ruins the port-80 test.
+		{Name: "http-echo-listen", Spec: c.HTTPEchoListen},
+		// Services. These have no business on an address kept for measuring.
+		{Name: "admin-listen", Spec: c.AdminListen},
+		{Name: "acme-http-listen", Spec: c.ACMEHTTPListen},
+	}
+}
+
+// MeasurementAddrs picks out the addresses this server can be measured on, by family, splitting
+// primaries from the reserved alternates.
+//
+// Derived from what is actually bound rather than configured separately: a second list of the
+// server's own addresses is a second thing to keep in step, and the copy that drifts is the one
+// clients are told about.
+func (c *Config) MeasurementAddrs() (ip4, ip6, ip4Alt, ip6Alt string) {
+	reserved := map[string]bool{}
+	for _, ip := range c.ReservedIPs() {
+		reserved[ip.String()] = true
+	}
+	// The UDP data plane binds every address a client may be pointed at, which makes it the
+	// honest source for this.
+	for _, a := range Addrs(c.UDPListen) {
+		host, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(a)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		host = strings.Trim(host, "[]")
+		ip := net.ParseIP(host)
+		if ip == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		alt := reserved[ip.String()]
+		switch {
+		case ip.To4() != nil && alt && ip4Alt == "":
+			ip4Alt = host
+		case ip.To4() != nil && !alt && ip4 == "":
+			ip4 = host
+		case ip.To4() == nil && alt && ip6Alt == "":
+			ip6Alt = host
+		case ip.To4() == nil && !alt && ip6 == "":
+			ip6 = host
+		}
+	}
+	return
+}
+
 // Addrs splits a comma-separated listen spec into individual addresses.
 // Explicit per-address binds matter on multi-IP hosts: a wildcard bind
 // (":8443") would also claim addresses reserved for other purposes (e.g. an
@@ -151,11 +397,26 @@ func Addrs(spec string) []string {
 	return out
 }
 
-// Actions are one-shot verbs that exit instead of serving.
+// Actions are the verbs. Serving is one of them, and it is explicit: running the binary with no
+// arguments prints usage rather than binding a dozen ports and starting to answer the internet.
+// Someone typing the name of an unfamiliar program on a terminal should be told what it does, not
+// have it start doing it.
 type Actions struct {
+	Serve bool
+	// Help is set when there is nothing to do: no verb was given.
+	Help bool
+
 	InstallSystemd   bool
 	UninstallSystemd bool
 	SelfUpdate       bool
+	SetAdminPassword bool
+	// MintEnrollToken is the note to record against a freshly minted enrollment link.
+	//
+	// A local action rather than an HTTP endpoint: whoever can run this binary against the state
+	// directory already has every privilege the server has, so authenticating them to themselves
+	// would be theatre — and an unauthenticated endpoint on loopback is how the admin API was
+	// briefly reachable from the network by accident.
+	MintEnrollToken string
 	Version          bool
 }
 

server/internal/config/reserved.go

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Echolot contributors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+package config
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"sort"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// Listener is one configured listen spec, named for the error message.
+type Listener struct {
+	Name string // the flag/env this came from, e.g. "control-listen"
+	Spec string // comma-separated listen addresses
+	// Measurement marks a listener that is part of the instrument rather than a service on the
+	// host. Those belong on the reserved addresses — STUN's RFC 5780 alternate, the UDP data
+	// plane, the canary DNS — and reserving an address only to forbid the measurements that need
+	// it would defeat the purpose.
+	Measurement bool
+}
+
+// webPorts are the ports whose closed state on a reserved address is itself the measurement.
+//
+// A TLS handshake that completes on a port known not to be listening proves interception, with no
+// competing explanation. That proof is the whole reason for reserving an address, and it survives
+// exactly as long as nothing binds these two ports there.
+var webPorts = map[string]bool{"80": true, "443": true}
+
+// CheckReserved refuses to start when a listener would occupy an address reserved for measurement.
+//
+// The reserved addresses are the instrument, not the service. Their diagnostic value comes from
+// their listening state being *known*: if nothing listens on port 443 there, then a TLS handshake
+// that completes proves something on the path intercepted it, with no other explanation available.
+// One stray listener silently converts that proof into an ambiguity.
+//
+// This is a hard stop rather than a warning for the same reason as [Config.checkAdminExposure]: the
+// failure is invisible. A polluted reserved address does not crash, log, or behave oddly — it just
+// quietly turns a conclusive test into an inconclusive one, and the first symptom is a measurement
+// that says the network is clean when it is not. Nobody reads a warning for that.
+//
+// Wildcard binds are the realistic way this happens. Every listener defaults to ":port", and the
+// next one added will be copied from an existing default; that binds every address on the host,
+// reserved ones included, without anyone deciding to.
+func (c *Config) CheckReserved(listeners []Listener) error {
+	reserved := c.ReservedIPs()
+	if len(reserved) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	var problems []string
+	for _, l := range listeners {
+		for _, addr := range Addrs(l.Spec) {
+			host, port, err := net.SplitHostPort(addr)
+			if err != nil {
+				// Not host:port — a bare port or something malformed. Leave it to the listener
+				// itself to complain; guessing here would produce a confusing error about the
+				// wrong problem.
+				continue
+			}
+			host = strings.Trim(host, "[]")
+			if host == "" || host == "0.0.0.0" || host == "::" {
+				problems = append(problems, fmt.Sprintf(
+					"  --%s=%q binds every address on this host, including the reserved ones",
+					l.Name, addr))
+				continue
+			}
+			ip := net.ParseIP(host)
+			if ip == nil {
+				continue // a hostname; cannot resolve it here without lying about what we checked
+			}
+			for _, r := range reserved {
+				if !ip.Equal(r) {
+					continue
+				}
+				switch {
+				case webPorts[port]:
+					problems = append(problems, fmt.Sprintf(
+						"  --%s=%q puts port %s on reserved address %s, which is the one thing "+
+							"that address exists to keep closed", l.Name, addr, port, r))
+				case !l.Measurement:
+					problems = append(problems, fmt.Sprintf(
+						"  --%s=%q binds reserved address %s; only measurement listeners belong there",
+						l.Name, addr, r))
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if len(problems) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	sort.Strings(problems)
+	return fmt.Errorf(
+		"refusing to start: these listeners would occupy addresses reserved for measurement\n%s\n"+
+			"\nReserved: %s\n"+
+			"Those addresses are the instrument. A test can only prove interception on a port that\n"+
+			"is known not to be listening, so anything bound there destroys the conclusion rather\n"+
+			"than merely sharing the address.\n"+
+			"  Fix it one of three ways:\n"+
+			"    - bind each listener to explicit service addresses instead of a wildcard\n"+
+			"    - remove the address from ECHOLOT_RESERVED_ADDRS if it is no longer reserved\n"+
+			"    - unset ECHOLOT_RESERVED_ADDRS if this host has no reserved addresses",
+		strings.Join(problems, "\n"), joinIPs(reserved))
+}
+
+// ReservedIPs parses the configured reserved addresses, ignoring anything unparseable.
+func (c *Config) ReservedIPs() []net.IP {
+	var out []net.IP
+	for _, s := range Addrs(c.ReservedAddrs) {
+		if ip := net.ParseIP(strings.Trim(s, "[]")); ip != nil {
+			out = append(out, ip)
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func joinIPs(ips []net.IP) string {
+	s := make([]string, 0, len(ips))
+	for _, ip := range ips {
+		s = append(s, ip.String())
+	}
+	return strings.Join(s, ", ")
+}

server/internal/config/reserved_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Echolot contributors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+package config
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+const (
+	svc4 = "89.185.109.150"
+	res4 = "89.185.109.151"
+	res6 = "2001:1ad0:c4fe:6767::151"
+)
+
+func withReserved(l ...Listener) error {
+	c := &Config{ReservedAddrs: res4 + "," + res6}
+	return c.CheckReserved(l)
+}
+
+func TestWildcardBindIsRefused(t *testing.T) {
+	// The realistic failure: every listener defaults to ":port", and the next one added gets
+	// copied from an existing default. Nobody decides to claim the reserved address; it just
+	// happens, and nothing looks wrong afterwards.
+	err := withReserved(Listener{Name: "control-listen", Spec: ":8443"})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("a wildcard bind was allowed while addresses were reserved")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "binds every address") {
+		t.Fatalf("the error should say why a wildcard is the problem, got: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWebPortsOnReservedAreRefusedEvenForMeasurement(t *testing.T) {
+	// The strictest rule, and the one carrying the diagnostic value: 80 and 443 must stay closed
+	// on a reserved address whatever wants them, because their closed state *is* the measurement.
+	for _, spec := range []string{res4 + ":443", "[" + res6 + "]:80"} {
+		err := withReserved(Listener{Name: "control-listen", Spec: spec, Measurement: true})
+		if err == nil {
+			t.Fatalf("port 80/443 on a reserved address was allowed: %q", spec)
+		}
+		if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "keep closed") {
+			t.Errorf("the error should explain what is lost, got: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestServiceOnReservedIsRefused(t *testing.T) {
+	if err := withReserved(Listener{Name: "admin-listen", Spec: res4 + ":8444"}); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("a service was allowed onto a reserved address")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMeasurementListenersBelongOnReserved(t *testing.T) {
+	// The live fmr config: the UDP data plane, canary DNS and STUN all bind the reserved pair on
+	// purpose. A guard that refused this would be describing a rule nobody wants.
+	err := withReserved(
+		Listener{Name: "udp-listen", Spec: res4 + ":8442,[" + res6 + "]:8442", Measurement: true},
+		Listener{Name: "dns-listen", Spec: res4 + ":53,[" + res6 + "]:53", Measurement: true},
+		Listener{Name: "stun-listen", Spec: res4 + ":3478", Measurement: true},
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("measurement listeners must be allowed on reserved addresses: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestServiceAddressesAreFine(t *testing.T) {
+	err := withReserved(
+		Listener{Name: "control-listen", Spec: svc4 + ":8443,[2001:1ad0:c4fe:6767::150]:8443"},
+		Listener{Name: "admin-listen", Spec: "127.0.0.1:8444"},
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("service addresses should be allowed: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHttpEchoIsNotTreatedAsMeasurement(t *testing.T) {
+	// http-echo is cleartext HTTP. On a reserved address it is precisely the listener that would
+	// ruin the port-80 test, so it does not get the measurement exemption.
+	if err := withReserved(Listener{Name: "http-echo-listen", Spec: res4 + ":8080"}); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("http-echo was allowed onto a reserved address")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNoReservationMeansNoOpinion(t *testing.T) {
+	// A host with nothing reserved must keep working exactly as before, wildcards included.
+	c := &Config{}
+	if err := c.CheckReserved([]Listener{{Name: "control-listen", Spec: ":8443"}}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("with no reserved addresses this must not interfere: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEveryOffenderIsNamed(t *testing.T) {
+	// Reporting one problem at a time turns a config fix into several restart cycles, and on a
+	// remote host each cycle is a chance to lock yourself out.
+	err := withReserved(
+		Listener{Name: "control-listen", Spec: ":8443"},
+		Listener{Name: "tcp-listen", Spec: res4 + ":8441"},
+	)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected a refusal")
+	}
+	for _, want := range []string{"control-listen", "tcp-listen"} {
+		if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), want) {
+			t.Errorf("the error should name %s; got: %v", want, err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHostnamesAreNotGuessedAt(t *testing.T) {
+	// Resolving here would check a name against whatever DNS says at startup, which is not
+	// necessarily what it will say later — and a guard that is sometimes right is worse than one
+	// with a stated limit.
+	if err := withReserved(Listener{Name: "control-listen", Spec: "fmr-1.echo-lot.app:8443"}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("a hostname must be left alone, not resolved: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestListenersCoversEverySpec(t *testing.T) {
+	// A listener missing from Listeners() is invisible to the guard, which is the one way this
+	// protection fails silently. Fill every spec with the reserved address: each one that is
+	// actually enumerated produces a complaint naming it.
+	// Every spec on port 443 of the reserved address: the web-port rule applies to measurement
+	// listeners too, so each one that is genuinely enumerated must produce a complaint.
+	c := &Config{
+		ReservedAddrs:  res4,
+		ControlListen:  res4 + ":443",
+		UDPListen:      res4 + ":443",
+		TCPListen:      res4 + ":443",
+		DNSListen:      res4 + ":443",
+		HTTPEchoListen: res4 + ":443",
+		AdminListen:    res4 + ":443",
+		ACMEHTTPListen: res4 + ":443",
+		StunListen:     res4 + ":443",
+	}
+	err := c.CheckReserved(c.Listeners())
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected a refusal")
+	}
+	// Every spec is on the reserved address; the web-port rule catches even the measurement ones,
+	// so anything missing from Listeners() is invisible here and that is what this asserts.
+	for _, want := range []string{
+		"control-listen", "udp-listen", "tcp-listen", "dns-listen",
+		"http-echo-listen", "admin-listen", "acme-http-listen", "stun-listen",
+	} {
+		if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), want) {
+			t.Errorf("%s is not enumerated in Listeners(), so the guard cannot see it", want)
+		}
+	}
+}

server/internal/control/control.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 package control
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"crypto/rand"
 	"crypto/sha256"
 	"crypto/tls"
@@ -15,6 +16,7 @@ import (
 	"encoding/hex"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"log/slog"
 	"net"
@@ -27,6 +29,8 @@ import (
 
 	"echo-lot.app/server/internal/compat"
 	"echo-lot.app/server/internal/dataplane"
+	"echo-lot.app/server/internal/oidc"
+	"echo-lot.app/server/internal/ratelimit"
 	"echo-lot.app/server/internal/runs"
 	"echo-lot.app/server/internal/session"
 	"echo-lot.app/server/internal/store"
@@ -55,8 +59,15 @@ type Server struct {
 	// DelayedEcho schedules/sends a DELAYED_ECHO for a session (may be nil).
 	DelayedEcho func(sess *session.Session, actionID string) error
 	// Granted server->client sends (spec §5). Both consume an asymmetric grant.
-	DownTrain func(sess *session.Session, g *session.Grant, count, sizeBytes, intervalUs int) (int, error)
+	// DownTrain's dscp is -1 for "leave the socket's default marking alone".
+	DownTrain func(sess *session.Session, g *session.Grant, count, sizeBytes, intervalUs, dscp int) (int, error)
 	BigSend   func(sess *session.Session, g *session.Grant, sizes []int, df bool) ([]dataplane.BigSendResult, error)
+	// OIDC verifies ID tokens presented by the *app* (may be nil).
+	OIDC *oidc.Verifier
+	// AdminOIDC verifies tokens from the admin UI's own client. Separate because an IdP may
+	// give each application its own issuer — Authentik derives it from the application slug —
+	// and a verifier pins exactly one issuer and the clients belonging to it.
+	AdminOIDC *oidc.Verifier
 	// Runs stores uploaded measurement documents (may be nil: uploads unsupported).
 	Runs *runs.Store
 	// FragSend emits one datagram as hand-built IP fragments in a chosen order (may be nil:
@@ -72,6 +83,10 @@ type Server struct {
 	CanaryQueries func(sessionPrefix string) any
 	// CanaryZone is surfaced in the profile so the app knows what to query.
 	CanaryZone string
+	// The addresses this server can be measured on. The "_alt" pair is the second address
+	// RFC 5780 behaviour discovery redirects to, and the one reserved from services so that
+	// nothing answering there is itself a measurement.
+	IP4, IP6, IP4Alt, IP6Alt string
 	// ProvenGood reports the server's self-test signal (may be nil). Surfaced
 	// in the profile so a client can trust — or skip — MTU tests: if the
 	// server's own egress isn't full-MTU, client MTU results measure the
@@ -85,6 +100,11 @@ type Server struct {
 	// AppRange is the app-version window this server will serve. Zero value means the built-in
 	// default (see DefaultAppRange).
 	AppRange compat.Range
+
+	// Spec §2.5 token buckets, keyed per credential and per source IP inside the limiter.
+	// Nil disables a ceiling (config value 0).
+	RateSessions *ratelimit.Limiter // POST /v1/sessions
+	RateActions  *ratelimit.Limiter // POST /v1/sessions/{id}/actions
 }
 
 // AppVersionHeader is how a client states its version. A client too old to send it is treated as
@@ -94,7 +114,12 @@ const AppVersionHeader = "X-Echolot-App-Version"
 
 // ProtocolVersion is the wire contract (probe-protocol.md) this build implements. It is what the
 // version window is really about; the release version is only a proxy for it.
-const ProtocolVersion = "1.0.0"
+//
+// 1.0.1: upstream trains (§3.2 types 0x03/0x04/0x05) and the action-id bytes at payload[8:16]
+// of granted packets. Patch, not minor: both are additive — a client that never sends
+// TRAIN_REPORT_REQ and never reads granted payloads (today's client reads only header fields)
+// sees no difference, so the fleet must not be split over it (§8.1).
+const ProtocolVersion = "1.0.1"
 
 // SchemaVersion is the measurement-document format this server can store.
 const SchemaVersion = "1.0.0"
@@ -152,17 +177,21 @@ func (s *Server) Handler() http.Handler {
 
 	gate := s.requireCompatibleApp
 	mux.HandleFunc("POST /v1/enroll", gate(s.enroll))
-	mux.HandleFunc("POST /v1/sessions", gate(s.newSession))
+	// §2.5 buckets sit on the two endpoints that make the server DO things — create state,
+	// send traffic. GET /v1/profile stays ungated on every axis (see above).
+	mux.HandleFunc("POST /v1/sessions", gate(s.rateLimited(s.RateSessions, s.newSession)))
 	mux.HandleFunc("DELETE /v1/sessions/{id}", gate(s.deleteSession))
 	mux.HandleFunc("GET /v1/sessions/{id}/observations", gate(s.observations))
-	mux.HandleFunc("POST /v1/sessions/{id}/actions", gate(s.actions))
+	mux.HandleFunc("POST /v1/sessions/{id}/actions", gate(s.rateLimited(s.RateActions, s.actions)))
 	mux.HandleFunc("POST /v1/echo", gate(s.httpEcho))
 	mux.HandleFunc("GET /v1/tls-reference", gate(s.tlsReference))
 	mux.HandleFunc("POST /v1/runs", gate(s.uploadRun))
 	mux.HandleFunc("GET /v1/runs", gate(s.listRuns))
 	mux.HandleFunc("GET /v1/runs/{id}", gate(s.getRun))
 	mux.HandleFunc("DELETE /v1/runs/{id}", gate(s.deleteRun))
-	// TODO(spec §5): frag_send, throughput (both build on the same grant machinery)
+	mux.HandleFunc("POST /v1/account/link", gate(s.linkAccount))
+	mux.HandleFunc("DELETE /v1/account/link", gate(s.unlinkAccount))
+	mux.HandleFunc("GET /v1/account", gate(s.accountStatus))
 	return mux
 }
 
@@ -184,6 +213,37 @@ func selftestSignal(f func() (bool, bool)) map[string]any {
 	return map[string]any{"mtu_ok": mtuOK, "sysctl_ok": sysctlOK}
 }
 
+// rateLimited enforces one §2.5 bucket policy on an endpoint: a token per credential AND one per
+// source IP. Two keys because each closes the other's hole — keyed only by credential, one
+// address cycles through credentials; keyed only by address, one credential rides many
+// addresses. The refusal is 429 with Retry-After, which is the whole point of a token bucket
+// over a hard drop here: a well-behaved client is told when to come back.
+func (s *Server) rateLimited(l *ratelimit.Limiter, next http.HandlerFunc) http.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		okCred, waitCred := l.Allow("cred:" + bearer(r))
+		okIP, waitIP := l.Allow("ip:" + remoteIP(r))
+		if !okCred || !okIP {
+			wait := max(waitCred, waitIP)
+			secs := int(wait/time.Second) + 1 // Retry-After is whole seconds, rounded up
+			w.Header().Set("Retry-After", strconv.Itoa(secs))
+			writeJSON(w, http.StatusTooManyRequests, map[string]any{
+				"error": "rate limited", "retry_after_s": secs,
+			})
+			return
+		}
+		next(w, r)
+	}
+}
+
+// remoteIP is the request's source address without the port, for rate-limit keys.
+func remoteIP(r *http.Request) string {
+	host, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(r.RemoteAddr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return r.RemoteAddr
+	}
+	return strings.Trim(host, "[]")
+}
+
 // sessionAuth resolves {id} and requires the bearer to be the owning device.
 func (s *Server) sessionAuth(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) *session.Session {
 	dev := s.Store.DeviceByCredential(bearer(r))
@@ -220,8 +280,14 @@ func (s *Server) observations(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		dnsCanary = s.CanaryQueries(sess.ID[:16]) // the session's wire prefix
 	}
 	writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, map[string]any{
-		"udp":          map[string]any{"packets_seen": packetsSeen, "packets": udp},
+		"udp": map[string]any{
-		"tcp":          tcp,
+			"packets_seen": packetsSeen,
+			"packets":      udp,
+			// The per-train received view (spec §6 "trains"), columnar like the wire report —
+			// the flat packet list above stays for clients that predate trains.
+			"trains": trainsJSON(sess.Trains()),
+		},
+		"tcp": tcp,
 		"connect_back": cb,
 		// The sender's own count, which is what makes the receiver's count mean something.
 		"throughput": sess.ThroughputReports(),
@@ -249,6 +315,7 @@ func (s *Server) actions(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		SizeBytes  int    `json:"size_bytes"`
 		IntervalUs int    `json:"interval_us"`
 		SizesBytes []int  `json:"sizes_bytes"`
+		DSCP       *int   `json:"dscp"`
 		DF         *bool  `json:"df"`
 		Mode       string `json:"mode"`
 		FragBytes  int    `json:"frag_bytes"`
@@ -311,6 +378,11 @@ func (s *Server) actions(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 			writeJSON(w, http.StatusNotImplemented, map[string]string{"error": "downtrain not wired"})
 			return
 		}
+		dscp, err := dscpArg(req.DSCP)
+		if err != nil {
+			writeJSON(w, http.StatusBadRequest, map[string]string{"error": err.Error()})
+			return
+		}
 		// A downstream train sends far more than it receives, so it needs a grant (§3.4).
 		count := clamp(req.Count, 1, 5000)
 		size := clamp(req.SizeBytes, dataMinPacket, 1500)
@@ -321,13 +393,20 @@ func (s *Server) actions(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 			return
 		}
 		go func() {
-			sent, err := s.DownTrain(sess, g, count, size, interval)
+			sent, err := s.DownTrain(sess, g, count, size, interval, dscp)
 			slog.Info("downtrain finished", "action", actionID, "sent", sent, "bytes", g.Sent(), "err", err)
 		}()
-		writeJSON(w, http.StatusAccepted, map[string]any{
+		resp := map[string]any{
 			"action_id": actionID, "count": count, "size_bytes": size, "interval_us": interval,
 			"grant": map[string]any{"max_bytes": g.MaxBytes, "max_kbps": g.MaxKbps},
-		})
+		}
+		if dscp >= 0 {
+			resp["dscp"] = dscp
+			// Told up front, not discovered: a client measuring DSCP survival on a burst the
+			// server could not mark would conclude the network stripped it.
+			resp["dscp_applied"] = dataplane.TOSSupported
+		}
+		writeJSON(w, http.StatusAccepted, resp)
 
 	case "big_send":
 		if s.BigSend == nil {
@@ -510,8 +589,54 @@ func (s *Server) maxDFPayload(sess *session.Session) int {
 	return mtu - overhead
 }
 
-// dataMinPacket is the smallest datagram that still carries a header + a little payload.
+// dscpArg validates the optional downtrain dscp parameter (spec §5). Absent means -1: leave the
-const dataMinPacket = 40
+// socket's default marking alone, which is different from asking for DSCP 0 (explicitly
+// best-effort). Out-of-range values are refused rather than clamped — a clamped 46→63 would mark
+// the burst with a class the client never asked for and silently change what the test measures.
+func dscpArg(v *int) (int, error) {
+	if v == nil {
+		return -1, nil
+	}
+	if *v < 0 || *v > 63 {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("dscp %d is out of range: the field is 6 bits (0..63)", *v)
+	}
+	return *v, nil
+}
+
+// trainsJSON renders the per-train received view columnar — one array per field, matching the
+// wire report and the schema's train-evidence shape — with []int for the byte-wide columns
+// because encoding/json would base64 a []uint8.
+func trainsJSON(trains []session.Train) []map[string]any {
+	out := make([]map[string]any, 0, len(trains))
+	for _, t := range trains {
+		n := len(t.Entries)
+		seq := make([]uint32, n)
+		trx := make([]int64, n)
+		size := make([]int, n)
+		ttl := make([]int, n)
+		dscp := make([]int, n)
+		ecn := make([]int, n)
+		for i, e := range t.Entries {
+			seq[i], trx[i], size[i] = e.Seq, e.TRxNs, int(e.Size)
+			ttl[i], dscp[i], ecn[i] = int(e.TTL), int(e.DSCP), int(e.ECN)
+		}
+		out = append(out, map[string]any{
+			"train_id": t.ID,
+			// The loss denominator: every packet counted, whether or not its row was kept.
+			"packets_received": t.Received,
+			"truncated":        t.Truncated,
+			"seq":              seq, "t_rx_ns": trx, "size": size,
+			"ttl": ttl, "dscp": dscp, "ecn": ecn,
+		})
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// dataMinPacket is the smallest granted datagram: header + 16 payload bytes, because [8:16] of
+// every granted payload carries the action id. It must match what the senders raise short sizes
+// to, or a minimum-size train's grant is budgeted for fewer bytes than actually leave and the
+// train is cut short by its own arithmetic.
+const dataMinPacket = dataplane.HeaderSize + 16
 
 var noDataPlaneYet = map[string]string{
 	"error": "no data-plane traffic seen yet — send an ECHO first so the destination is verified",
@@ -603,13 +728,7 @@ func (s *Server) profile(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		// modified builds and gives clients provenance for the measurement.
 		"source_url":   "", // TODO: stamp from build metadata
 		"capabilities": s.Capabilities,
-		"targets": []map[string]any{{
+		"targets": []map[string]any{s.target(host)},
-			"id":        s.Name,
-			"ip4":       host, // TODO: explicit configured addresses, v6, second STUN addr
-			"udp_port":  s.UDPPort,
-			"tcp_port":  s.TCPPort,
-			"stun_port": s.StunPort,
-		}},
 		"pins":            []string{"pin-sha256:" + s.PinB64},
 		"next_pins":       []string{},
 		"canary_zone":     s.CanaryZone,
@@ -618,6 +737,10 @@ func (s *Server) profile(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		// The app needs the upload rules before it offers the switch: whether uploads are
 		// accepted at all, and how much identifying detail it must strip first.
 		"uploads": s.uploadPolicy(),
+		// What a client needs to start a sign-in, without hard-coding the operator's IdP into
+		// the app: where to authorize, which client id to use, and whether it is worth offering
+		// sign-in at all on this server.
+		"auth": s.authInfo(r.Context()),
 		// What this build speaks, and which app versions it will serve. A client checks the
 		// server side of the same question against its own bounds.
 		"compat": map[string]any{
@@ -714,7 +837,7 @@ func (s *Server) uploadRun(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		writeJSON(w, http.StatusBadRequest, map[string]string{"error": "read failed"})
 		return
 	}
-	meta, err := s.Runs.Put(dev.ID, body)
+	meta, err := s.Runs.Put(dev.ID, body, dev.LinkedToAccount())
 	switch {
 	case err == nil:
 		slog.Info("run uploaded", "device", dev.ID, "run", meta.ID,
@@ -740,11 +863,19 @@ func (s *Server) listRuns(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		writeJSON(w, http.StatusUnauthorized, map[string]string{"error": "unknown credential"})
 		return
 	}
-	list := s.Runs.List(dev.ID)
+	list := s.Runs.ListFor(s.visibleDevices(dev))
 	if list == nil {
 		list = []runs.Meta{}
 	}
-	writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, map[string]any{"runs": list})
+	writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, map[string]any{
+		"runs": list,
+		// Says whose history this is, so a client can show "3 devices" rather than leaving the
+		// user to wonder why runs from another phone appeared.
+		"scope": map[string]any{
+			"account_id": dev.AccountID,
+			"devices":    len(s.visibleDevices(dev)),
+		},
+	})
 }
 
 func (s *Server) getRun(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
@@ -753,9 +884,14 @@ func (s *Server) getRun(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		writeJSON(w, http.StatusUnauthorized, map[string]string{"error": "unknown credential"})
 		return
 	}
-	// Scoped to the calling device's own directory: one device cannot read another's runs by
+	// Resolved against the caller's own devices only, so a run id from another account is not
-	// guessing a run id.
+	// found rather than being fetched from wherever it happens to live.
-	b, err := s.Runs.Get(dev.ID, r.PathValue("id"))
+	owner, ok := s.Runs.OwnerOf(s.visibleDevices(dev), r.PathValue("id"))
+	if !ok {
+		writeJSON(w, http.StatusNotFound, map[string]string{"error": "no such run"})
+		return
+	}
+	b, err := s.Runs.Get(owner, r.PathValue("id"))
 	if err != nil {
 		writeJSON(w, http.StatusNotFound, map[string]string{"error": "no such run"})
 		return
@@ -770,7 +906,12 @@ func (s *Server) deleteRun(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		writeJSON(w, http.StatusUnauthorized, map[string]string{"error": "unknown credential"})
 		return
 	}
-	if err := s.Runs.Delete(dev.ID, r.PathValue("id")); err != nil {
+	owner, ok := s.Runs.OwnerOf(s.visibleDevices(dev), r.PathValue("id"))
+	if !ok {
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNoContent) // delete is idempotent; absent is the desired state
+		return
+	}
+	if err := s.Runs.Delete(owner, r.PathValue("id")); err != nil {
 		writeJSON(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, map[string]string{"error": err.Error()})
 		return
 	}
@@ -792,13 +933,47 @@ func maxOrEmpty(r compat.Range) string {
 // three parts at once — its own URL, its own SPKI pin, and the token. An operator copying a pin
 // by hand is the step that goes wrong, and a pin wrong by one character does not fail loudly.
 func (s *Server) EnrollmentLink(token string) string {
-	u := s.PublicControlURL
+	return EnrollmentURI(s.PublicControlURL, s.PinB64, token)
+}
+
+// EnrollmentURI is the same assembly without a running server, for the mint-a-link CLI action.
+// Shared rather than reimplemented: two copies of this encoding would eventually disagree, and
+// the failure mode is a pin that looks right and produces an inscrutable TLS error.
+func EnrollmentURI(publicURL, pinB64, token string) string {
 	return "echolot://enroll?v=1" +
-		"&u=" + url.QueryEscape(strings.TrimRight(u, "/")) +
+		"&u=" + url.QueryEscape(strings.TrimRight(publicURL, "/")) +
-		"&p=" + url.QueryEscape("pin-sha256:"+s.PinB64) +
+		"&p=" + url.QueryEscape("pin-sha256:"+pinB64) +
 		"&t=" + url.QueryEscape(token)
 }
 
+// target describes where this server can be measured, so a client can say which address a result
+// came from instead of "the server".
+//
+// The alternates matter as much as the primaries: RFC 5780 behaviour discovery needs a second
+// address to redirect to, and an operator reading a report needs to know which of their addresses
+// a finding refers to. [fallback] is used only when nothing was configured explicitly, so a server
+// that has not been told its own addresses still answers with something usable.
+func (s *Server) target(fallback string) map[string]any {
+	t := map[string]any{
+		"id":        s.Name,
+		"udp_port":  s.UDPPort,
+		"tcp_port":  s.TCPPort,
+		"stun_port": s.StunPort,
+	}
+	ip4 := s.IP4
+	if ip4 == "" {
+		ip4 = fallback
+	}
+	for k, v := range map[string]string{
+		"ip4": ip4, "ip6": s.IP6, "ip4_alt": s.IP4Alt, "ip6_alt": s.IP6Alt,
+	} {
+		if v != "" {
+			t[k] = v
+		}
+	}
+	return t
+}
+
 // upstreamJSON renders the upstream tally with the derived figures already computed, so every
 // consumer does not have to repeat (and risk fumbling) the same arithmetic.
 func upstreamJSON(sess *session.Session) map[string]any {
@@ -808,3 +983,122 @@ func upstreamJSON(sess *session.Session) map[string]any {
 		"span_ms": u.SpanMs(), "kbps": u.Kbps(),
 	}
 }
+
+// authInfo advertises the sign-in configuration, so the app can present a Sign in button only
+// when there is something behind it, and can drive the flow without the user typing an issuer URL.
+func (s *Server) authInfo(ctx context.Context) map[string]any {
+	if s.OIDC == nil || !s.OIDC.Config().Enabled() {
+		return map[string]any{"enabled": false}
+	}
+	cfg := s.OIDC.Config()
+	out := map[string]any{
+		"enabled": true,
+		"issuer":  cfg.Issuer,
+		// The app's client, not the server's: this is what a phone should authorize as.
+		"client_id": cfg.AppClientID,
+		// The app is a public client on a phone: no secret can be kept, so PKCE is what
+		// protects the code exchange (RFC 7636), and the redirect comes back through the
+		// scheme the app already registers for enrollment links.
+		"flow":         "authorization_code+pkce",
+		"redirect_uri": "echolot://auth",
+		"scopes":       "openid profile email",
+	}
+	if d, err := s.OIDC.Discover(ctx); err == nil {
+		out["authorization_endpoint"] = d.AuthorizationEndpoint
+		out["token_endpoint"] = d.TokenEndpoint
+		out["end_session_endpoint"] = d.EndSessionEndpoint
+	} else {
+		// Reported rather than hidden: an unreachable IdP is the operator's problem to see, and
+		// a client that knows the difference can say "sign-in is configured but the provider is
+		// not answering" instead of failing obscurely.
+		out["discovery_error"] = err.Error()
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// linkAccount ties the calling device to the person whose ID token it presents.
+//
+// The device credential proves *which device*; the ID token proves *which person*. Both are
+// required, and neither substitutes for the other: enrollment admits a device to the server,
+// signing in attributes it to someone.
+func (s *Server) linkAccount(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	dev := s.Store.DeviceByCredential(bearer(r))
+	if dev == nil {
+		writeJSON(w, http.StatusUnauthorized, map[string]string{"error": "unknown credential"})
+		return
+	}
+	if s.OIDC == nil || !s.OIDC.Config().Enabled() {
+		writeJSON(w, http.StatusNotImplemented, map[string]string{
+			"error": "this server has no identity provider configured, so there is nothing to sign in to",
+		})
+		return
+	}
+	var body struct {
+		IDToken string `json:"id_token"`
+	}
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&body); err != nil || body.IDToken == "" {
+		writeJSON(w, http.StatusBadRequest, map[string]string{"error": "expected an id_token"})
+		return
+	}
+	claims, err := s.OIDC.Verify(r.Context(), body.IDToken)
+	if err != nil {
+		// Deliberately terse to the client and detailed in the log: a caller probing token
+		// handling should not be told which check it failed.
+		slog.Info("rejected sign-in", "device", dev.ID, "err", err)
+		writeJSON(w, http.StatusForbidden, map[string]string{"error": "the identity token was not accepted"})
+		return
+	}
+	if err := s.Store.LinkAccount(dev.ID, claims.AccountID(), claims.Display()); err != nil {
+		writeJSON(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, map[string]string{"error": err.Error()})
+		return
+	}
+	slog.Info("device linked to account", "device", dev.ID, "account", claims.AccountID(),
+		"admin", s.OIDC.IsAdmin(claims))
+	writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, map[string]any{
+		"account_id": claims.AccountID(), "display_name": claims.Display(),
+		"admin": s.OIDC.IsAdmin(claims),
+	})
+}
+
+// unlinkAccount signs out on this device. The device stays enrolled: signing out should not cost
+// someone their enrollment, which an operator had to grant.
+func (s *Server) unlinkAccount(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	dev := s.Store.DeviceByCredential(bearer(r))
+	if dev == nil {
+		writeJSON(w, http.StatusUnauthorized, map[string]string{"error": "unknown credential"})
+		return
+	}
+	if err := s.Store.LinkAccount(dev.ID, "", ""); err != nil {
+		writeJSON(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, map[string]string{"error": err.Error()})
+		return
+	}
+	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNoContent)
+}
+
+func (s *Server) accountStatus(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	dev := s.Store.DeviceByCredential(bearer(r))
+	if dev == nil {
+		writeJSON(w, http.StatusUnauthorized, map[string]string{"error": "unknown credential"})
+		return
+	}
+	writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, map[string]any{
+		"signed_in":    dev.LinkedToAccount(),
+		"account_id":   dev.AccountID,
+		"display_name": dev.AccountName,
+		"device_id":    dev.ID,
+	})
+}
+
+// visibleDevices is the set of devices whose runs the caller may read.
+//
+// Signed in: every device on the same account, which is what an account is for. Not signed in:
+// only itself — anonymous devices are not a group, and treating the absent account as a shared
+// one would let any of them read all the others.
+func (s *Server) visibleDevices(dev *store.Device) []string {
+	if dev.LinkedToAccount() {
+		if ids := s.Store.DeviceIDsForAccount(dev.AccountID); len(ids) > 0 {
+			return ids
+		}
+	}
+	return []string{dev.ID}
+}

server/internal/control/dscp_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Echolot contributors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+package control
+
+import "testing"
+
+func TestDscpArg(t *testing.T) {
+	ptr := func(v int) *int { return &v }
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		in      *int
+		want    int
+		wantErr bool
+	}{
+		{nil, -1, false},     // absent: leave the socket alone
+		{ptr(0), 0, false},   // explicit best-effort is not the same as absent
+		{ptr(46), 46, false}, // EF, the value people actually test with
+		{ptr(63), 63, false},
+		{ptr(64), 0, true}, // one past the 6-bit field
+		{ptr(-1), 0, true},
+	} {
+		got, err := dscpArg(tc.in)
+		if (err != nil) != tc.wantErr || got != tc.want {
+			t.Errorf("dscpArg(%v) = %d, err=%v; want %d, wantErr=%v", tc.in, got, err, tc.want, tc.wantErr)
+		}
+	}
+}

server/internal/dataplane/cmsg_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Echolot contributors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+//go:build linux
+
+package dataplane
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"net"
+	"syscall"
+)
+
+// Per-packet TTL and TOS/traffic-class arrive as control messages, and only if asked for at
+// socket setup. These fill the spec §3.3 observation-block fields that were shipped as the 0xFF
+// sentinel until now — received TTL is path-length evidence, the TOS byte is DSCP/ECN survival.
+
+// enableRecvMeta asks the kernel to attach the cmsgs to every received datagram. Both the v4 and
+// the v6 option sets are attempted on every socket: a dual-stack socket delivers v4-mapped
+// traffic through the v6 fd, and the kernel refuses whichever set does not apply. Errors are
+// dropped on purpose — a socket that cannot deliver metadata still serves probes, and the
+// sentinel already says "not observed" for it.
+func enableRecvMeta(conn *net.UDPConn) {
+	raw, err := conn.SyscallConn()
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	_ = raw.Control(func(fd uintptr) {
+		_ = syscall.SetsockoptInt(int(fd), syscall.IPPROTO_IP, syscall.IP_RECVTTL, 1)
+		_ = syscall.SetsockoptInt(int(fd), syscall.IPPROTO_IP, syscall.IP_RECVTOS, 1)
+		_ = syscall.SetsockoptInt(int(fd), syscall.IPPROTO_IPV6, syscall.IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT, 1)
+		_ = syscall.SetsockoptInt(int(fd), syscall.IPPROTO_IPV6, syscall.IPV6_RECVTCLASS, 1)
+	})
+}
+
+// parseMeta extracts TTL and the TOS byte from one datagram's control messages. Anything absent
+// or unparseable keeps the sentinel — reported as unobserved, never guessed.
+func parseMeta(oob []byte) pktMeta {
+	m := pktMeta{TTL: metaUnavailable, TOS: metaUnavailable}
+	if len(oob) == 0 {
+		return m
+	}
+	cmsgs, err := syscall.ParseSocketControlMessage(oob)
+	if err != nil {
+		return m
+	}
+	for _, c := range cmsgs {
+		switch {
+		case c.Header.Level == syscall.IPPROTO_IP && c.Header.Type == syscall.IP_TTL,
+			c.Header.Level == syscall.IPPROTO_IPV6 && c.Header.Type == syscall.IPV6_HOPLIMIT:
+			m.TTL = cmsgValue(c.Data)
+		case c.Header.Level == syscall.IPPROTO_IP && c.Header.Type == syscall.IP_TOS,
+			c.Header.Level == syscall.IPPROTO_IPV6 && c.Header.Type == syscall.IPV6_TCLASS:
+			m.TOS = cmsgValue(c.Data)
+		}
+	}
+	return m
+}
+
+// cmsgValue reads a cmsg the kernel encodes either as a native-endian int (IP_TTL,
+// IPV6_HOPLIMIT, IPV6_TCLASS) or as a single byte (IP_TOS). Both fit a byte by definition.
+func cmsgValue(data []byte) uint8 {
+	switch {
+	case len(data) >= 4:
+		return uint8(binary.NativeEndian.Uint32(data))
+	case len(data) >= 1:
+		return data[0]
+	}
+	return metaUnavailable
+}

server/internal/dataplane/cmsg_other.go

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Echolot contributors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+//go:build !linux
+
+package dataplane
+
+import "net"
+
+// Per-packet TTL/TOS needs Linux's IP_RECVTTL-family cmsgs. Elsewhere the observation block and
+// train buffers keep the spec §3.3 sentinel (0xFF = not observed) — absent is honest, a guess
+// is not. Deployment targets are Linux; this build exists so the Windows dev loop compiles.
+func enableRecvMeta(_ *net.UDPConn) {}
+
+func parseMeta(_ []byte) pktMeta { return pktMeta{TTL: metaUnavailable, TOS: metaUnavailable} }

server/internal/dataplane/frag_linux.go

@@ -104,8 +104,8 @@ func (s *Server) FragSend(
 		return res, fmt.Errorf("session has no recorded local address")
 	}
 
-	if sizeBytes < HeaderSize+8 {
+	if sizeBytes < HeaderSize+32 {
-		sizeBytes = HeaderSize + 8
+		sizeBytes = HeaderSize + 32
 	}
 	if sizeBytes > 8000 {
 		sizeBytes = 8000
@@ -117,7 +117,10 @@ func (s *Server) FragSend(
 	// The ELT1 packet, signed exactly as any other, then wrapped in UDP.
 	payload := make([]byte, sizeBytes-HeaderSize)
 	binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(payload[0:4], uint32(sizeBytes))
-	copy(payload[4:], mode)
+	// [8:16]: the action id, as on every granted packet (spec §5 correlation); the mode string
+	// sits past the reserved slot.
+	putActionID(payload, g.ActionID)
+	copy(payload[16:], mode)
 	elt := s.buildPacket(sess, TypeFragData, 0, payload)
 
 	udp := buildUDP(local, target, elt)

server/internal/dataplane/granted.go

@@ -21,7 +21,11 @@ import (
 // client measures downstream loss, reordering and jitter from what arrives — the direction an
 // upstream-only train cannot see. Returns how many packets actually went out (the grant may cut
 // it short, which is itself reportable).
-func (s *Server) DownTrain(sess *session.Session, g *session.Grant, count, sizeBytes, intervalUs int) (int, error) {
+//
+// dscp ≥ 0 marks the burst (spec §5 downtrain `dscp`): downstream DSCP survival is the half the
+// client cannot produce itself. Best-effort off Linux — see withTOS/TOSSupported; the action
+// response has already told the client whether the marking was applied.
+func (s *Server) DownTrain(sess *session.Session, g *session.Grant, count, sizeBytes, intervalUs, dscp int) (int, error) {
 	target := sess.DataSource()
 	if !target.IsValid() {
 		return 0, fmt.Errorf("no observed data-plane source")
@@ -30,26 +34,41 @@ func (s *Server) DownTrain(sess *session.Session, g *session.Grant, count, sizeB
 	if conn == nil {
 		return 0, fmt.Errorf("no data-plane socket matches target family")
 	}
-	if sizeBytes < HeaderSize+8 {
+	if sizeBytes < HeaderSize+16 {
-		sizeBytes = HeaderSize + 8
+		sizeBytes = HeaderSize + 16
 	}
 	payload := make([]byte, sizeBytes-HeaderSize)
+	// Payload [8:16] carries the action id on every granted packet, so arriving traffic can be
+	// attributed to the action that caused it (spec §5/§9: test.params.action_id).
+	putActionID(payload, g.ActionID)
 	sent := 0
-	for i := 0; i < count; i++ {
+	burst := func() error {
-		if !g.Allow(sizeBytes) {
+		for i := 0; i < count; i++ {
-			break // budget or rate exhausted — stop, do not sleep it off
+			if !g.Allow(sizeBytes) {
-		}
+				break // budget or rate exhausted — stop, do not sleep it off
-		// Sequence + send timestamp in the payload head so the client can order and time them
+			}
-		// even when packets arrive out of order.
+			// Sequence + send timestamp in the payload head so the client can order and time them
-		binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(payload[0:4], uint32(i))
+			// even when packets arrive out of order.
-		binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(payload[4:8], uint32(time.Since(s.start).Microseconds()))
+			binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(payload[0:4], uint32(i))
-		s.send(conn, target, sess, TypeDownTrainData, uint32(i), payload)
+			binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(payload[4:8], uint32(time.Since(s.start).Microseconds()))
-		sent++
+			s.send(conn, target, sess, TypeDownTrainData, uint32(i), payload)
-		if intervalUs > 0 && i < count-1 {
+			sent++
-			time.Sleep(time.Duration(intervalUs) * time.Microsecond)
+			if intervalUs > 0 && i < count-1 {
+				time.Sleep(time.Duration(intervalUs) * time.Microsecond)
+			}
 		}
+		return nil
 	}
-	return sent, nil
+	if dscp >= 0 && TOSSupported {
+		// Same shared-socket borrow as the DF window: dfMu keeps a concurrent burst from riding
+		// along with — or clearing — this marking.
+		s.dfMu.Lock()
+		defer s.dfMu.Unlock()
+		err := withTOS(conn, dscp, burst) // sent must be read after the burst ran, not before
+		return sent, err
+	}
+	err := burst()
+	return sent, err
 }
 
 // BigSendResult records what happened to one requested size. `Sent` false with an EMSGSIZE-ish
@@ -83,8 +102,8 @@ func (s *Server) BigSend(sess *session.Session, g *session.Grant, sizes []int, d
 	results := make([]BigSendResult, 0, len(sizes))
 	burst := func() error {
 		for i, size := range sizes {
-			if size < HeaderSize+8 {
+			if size < HeaderSize+16 {
-				size = HeaderSize + 8
+				size = HeaderSize + 16
 			}
 			if size > 9000 { // jumbo ceiling; beyond this the kernel will refuse anyway
 				size = 9000
@@ -96,6 +115,8 @@ func (s *Server) BigSend(sess *session.Session, g *session.Grant, sizes []int, d
 			// Echo the intended size into the payload so a truncated/fragmented arrival is
 			// still attributable to the size we meant to send.
 			binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(payload[0:4], uint32(size))
+			// [8:16]: the action id, as on every granted packet (spec §5 correlation).
+			putActionID(payload, g.ActionID)
 			err := s.sendErr(conn, target, sess, TypeBigSend, uint32(i), payload)
 			results = append(results, BigSendResult{
 				SizeBytes: size, Seq: i, Sent: err == nil, Err: errString(err),

server/internal/dataplane/throughput.go

@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ func (s *Server) DownThroughput(
 
 	// Same plan the grant was sized from, so the two cannot disagree.
 	durationMs, kbps = ThroughputPlan(durationMs, kbps)
-	if sizeBytes < HeaderSize+16 {
+	if sizeBytes < HeaderSize+24 {
 		sizeBytes = 1200 // a size that survives every common path unfragmented
 	}
 	if sizeBytes > 1472 {
@@ -134,6 +134,10 @@ func (s *Server) DownThroughput(
 	}
 
 	payload := make([]byte, sizeBytes-HeaderSize)
+	// [8:16]: the action id, as on every granted packet (spec §5 correlation). The send
+	// timestamp lives past it at [16:24]; the client reads only header fields today, so
+	// reserving the slot costs nothing and keeps one layout rule across granted types.
+	putActionID(payload, g.ActionID)
 	deadline := time.Now().Add(time.Duration(durationMs) * time.Millisecond)
 	start := time.Now()
 	next := start
@@ -157,7 +161,7 @@ func (s *Server) DownThroughput(
 		// Reaching here means the run is progressing normally; the clock will end it.
 		res.LimitedBy = "duration"
 		binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(payload[0:4], seq)
-		binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(payload[4:12], uint64(time.Since(s.start).Nanoseconds()))
+		binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(payload[16:24], uint64(time.Since(s.start).Nanoseconds()))
 		if err := s.sendErr(conn, target, sess, TypeThroughputData, seq, payload); err != nil {
 			// A send error mid-run is a local condition (buffer full, route gone). Stop and
 			// report what got out rather than pretending the rest was lost on the path.

server/internal/dataplane/tos_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Echolot contributors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+//go:build linux
+
+package dataplane
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"syscall"
+)
+
+// withTOS runs fn with the socket's TOS/traffic class set to dscp<<2 (ECN bits left zero — the
+// test is about DSCP survival, and claiming ECN capability we do not use would pollute it), then
+// restores what was there before.
+//
+// Same borrow discipline as withDF: the socket is shared by every session on that family, so the
+// caller must hold Server.dfMu for the whole window or a concurrent burst rides along with — or
+// clears — someone else's marking.
+func withTOS(conn *net.UDPConn, dscp int, fn func() error) error {
+	raw, err := conn.SyscallConn()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	v4 := conn.LocalAddr().(*net.UDPAddr).IP.To4() != nil
+	level, opt := syscall.IPPROTO_IPV6, syscall.IPV6_TCLASS
+	if v4 {
+		level, opt = syscall.IPPROTO_IP, syscall.IP_TOS
+	}
+
+	var setErr error
+	prev := 0
+	if err := raw.Control(func(fd uintptr) {
+		if p, e := syscall.GetsockoptInt(int(fd), level, opt); e == nil {
+			prev = p
+		}
+		setErr = syscall.SetsockoptInt(int(fd), level, opt, dscp<<2)
+	}); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if setErr != nil {
+		return setErr
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		_ = raw.Control(func(fd uintptr) {
+			_ = syscall.SetsockoptInt(int(fd), level, opt, prev)
+		})
+	}()
+	return fn()
+}
+
+// TOSSupported reports whether withTOS can actually mark packets here. Exported so the control
+// plane can tell the client up front that its dscp request will not be honored, instead of the
+// client measuring an unmarked burst and concluding the network stripped the marking.
+const TOSSupported = true

server/internal/dataplane/tos_other.go

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Echolot contributors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+//go:build !linux
+
+package dataplane
+
+import "net"
+
+// Setting DSCP per-burst uses IP_TOS/IPV6_TCLASS under the same fd-borrow pattern as withDF,
+// which is only exercised on Linux deployments. Elsewhere the burst goes out with the default
+// class and TOSSupported lets the action response say so — an unmarked burst reported as marked
+// would read as "the network stripped DSCP", the exact wrong conclusion.
+func withTOS(_ *net.UDPConn, _ int, fn func() error) error { return fn() }
+
+const TOSSupported = false

server/internal/dataplane/train.go

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Echolot contributors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+package dataplane
+
+// Upstream trains (spec §3.2, types 0x03–0x05). The client blasts TRAIN_DATA at the server and
+// the server answers nothing per-packet — a reply would double the traffic and measure the
+// return path at the same time. Afterwards the client asks for the server's received view with
+// TRAIN_REPORT_REQ, and gets it back columnar, split across as many TRAIN_REPORT datagrams as
+// it takes to stay under a safe size.
+//
+// Both TRAIN_DATA and TRAIN_REPORT_REQ carry the train id in payload[0:4]; the id is the
+// client's to choose, unique within the session.
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+
+	"echo-lot.app/server/internal/session"
+)
+
+const (
+	// trainReportMaxDatagram caps one TRAIN_REPORT datagram at a size that survives every common
+	// path unfragmented. A report about loss must not itself be lost to MTU.
+	trainReportMaxDatagram = 1200
+	trainReportHeader      = 16
+	trainReportRow         = 17 // 4 seq + 8 t_rx_ns + 2 size + 1 ttl + 1 dscp + 1 ecn
+)
+
+// recordTrain buffers one TRAIN_DATA packet into its train (session-side, bounded — see
+// session/train.go). A payload too short to carry the id is unreportable and stays only in the
+// flat packet log, which already recorded it.
+func recordTrain(sess *session.Session, payload []byte, seq uint32, size int, tRxNs int64, meta pktMeta) {
+	if len(payload) < 4 {
+		return
+	}
+	sess.RecordTrainPacket(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(payload[0:4]), session.TrainEntry{
+		Seq: seq, TRxNs: tRxNs, Size: uint16(min(size, 0xFFFF)),
+		TTL: meta.TTL, DSCP: meta.dscp(), ECN: meta.ecn(),
+	})
+}
+
+// trainReport answers one TRAIN_REPORT_REQ with the full columnar report.
+//
+// Grant-free on purpose. §3.4 caps ungranted responses at the request size, and a multi-part
+// report is larger than the single REPORT_REQ that asked for it — but it cannot amplify: every
+// 17-byte row accounts for one HMAC-valid TRAIN_DATA packet of at least HeaderSize+4 bytes this
+// session already delivered here, so the whole report is a strict fraction of the traffic it
+// describes, and it only ever goes to the session's verified source address. An unknown id gets
+// a single zero-row report rather than silence — "nothing arrived" IS the measurement.
+func (s *Server) trainReport(conn *net.UDPConn, raddr netip.AddrPort, sess *session.Session, payload []byte) {
+	if len(payload) < 4 {
+		return
+	}
+	id := binary.BigEndian.Uint32(payload[0:4])
+	train, _ := sess.TrainView(id)
+	train.ID = id
+	for i, part := range buildTrainReport(train) {
+		s.send(conn, raddr, sess, TypeTrainReport, uint32(i), part)
+	}
+}
+
+// buildTrainReport lays a train's received view out columnar and cuts it into datagram-sized
+// payloads. Layout (mirrored by the client; all big-endian):
+//
+//	 0  4  train_id
+//	 4  4  received       (every packet counted, buffered or not — loss math uses this)
+//	 8  2  part           (0-based)
+//	10  2  parts
+//	12  1  flags          (bit0: buffer overflowed; rows beyond the cap were counted, not kept —
+//	                       the schema's evidence_truncated honesty, on the wire)
+//	13  1  reserved
+//	14  2  n              (rows in this part)
+//	16     n×4 seq, n×8 t_rx_ns, n×2 size, n×1 ttl, n×1 dscp, n×1 ecn (columns contiguous)
+func buildTrainReport(t session.Train) [][]byte {
+	perPart := (trainReportMaxDatagram - HeaderSize - trainReportHeader) / trainReportRow
+	parts := (len(t.Entries) + perPart - 1) / perPart
+	if parts == 0 {
+		parts = 1 // an empty train still gets its "received: 0" answer
+	}
+	out := make([][]byte, 0, parts)
+	for p := 0; p < parts; p++ {
+		rows := t.Entries[p*perPart : min((p+1)*perPart, len(t.Entries))]
+		n := len(rows)
+		b := make([]byte, trainReportHeader+n*trainReportRow)
+		binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(b[0:4], t.ID)
+		binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(b[4:8], uint32(t.Received))
+		binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(b[8:10], uint16(p))
+		binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(b[10:12], uint16(parts))
+		if t.Truncated {
+			b[12] = 1
+		}
+		binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(b[14:16], uint16(n))
+		off := trainReportHeader
+		for i, r := range rows {
+			binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(b[off+i*4:], r.Seq)
+		}
+		off += n * 4
+		for i, r := range rows {
+			binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(b[off+i*8:], uint64(r.TRxNs))
+		}
+		off += n * 8
+		for i, r := range rows {
+			binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(b[off+i*2:], r.Size)
+		}
+		off += n * 2
+		for i, r := range rows {
+			b[off+i] = r.TTL
+		}
+		off += n
+		for i, r := range rows {
+			b[off+i] = r.DSCP
+		}
+		off += n
+		for i, r := range rows {
+			b[off+i] = r.ECN
+		}
+		out = append(out, b)
+	}
+	return out
+}

server/internal/dataplane/train_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Echolot contributors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+package dataplane
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"echo-lot.app/server/internal/session"
+)
+
+// parseReportPart decodes one TRAIN_REPORT payload back into rows, checking the header.
+func parseReportPart(t *testing.T, b []byte) (id uint32, received int, part, parts int, truncated bool, rows []session.TrainEntry) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if len(b) < trainReportHeader {
+		t.Fatalf("report part shorter than its header: %d", len(b))
+	}
+	id = binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[0:4])
+	received = int(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[4:8]))
+	part = int(binary.BigEndian.Uint16(b[8:10]))
+	parts = int(binary.BigEndian.Uint16(b[10:12]))
+	truncated = b[12]&1 != 0
+	n := int(binary.BigEndian.Uint16(b[14:16]))
+	if want := trainReportHeader + n*trainReportRow; len(b) != want {
+		t.Fatalf("part length %d, want %d for %d rows", len(b), want, n)
+	}
+	off := trainReportHeader
+	rows = make([]session.TrainEntry, n)
+	for i := range rows {
+		rows[i].Seq = binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[off+i*4:])
+	}
+	off += n * 4
+	for i := range rows {
+		rows[i].TRxNs = int64(binary.BigEndian.Uint64(b[off+i*8:]))
+	}
+	off += n * 8
+	for i := range rows {
+		rows[i].Size = binary.BigEndian.Uint16(b[off+i*2:])
+	}
+	off += n * 2
+	for i := range rows {
+		rows[i].TTL = b[off+i]
+	}
+	off += n
+	for i := range rows {
+		rows[i].DSCP = b[off+i]
+	}
+	off += n
+	for i := range rows {
+		rows[i].ECN = b[off+i]
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func TestBuildTrainReportSplitsAndRoundTrips(t *testing.T) {
+	const count = 250 // enough to need several parts
+	train := session.Train{ID: 42, Received: count, Truncated: true}
+	for i := 0; i < count; i++ {
+		train.Entries = append(train.Entries, session.TrainEntry{
+			Seq: uint32(i), TRxNs: int64(i) * 1_000_000, Size: uint16(100 + i),
+			TTL: 64, DSCP: 46, ECN: 1,
+		})
+	}
+
+	parts := buildTrainReport(train)
+	if len(parts) < 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("250 rows should not fit one ≤%d-byte datagram", trainReportMaxDatagram)
+	}
+	var got []session.TrainEntry
+	for i, p := range parts {
+		if HeaderSize+len(p) > trainReportMaxDatagram {
+			t.Fatalf("part %d would be a %d-byte datagram, cap is %d", i, HeaderSize+len(p), trainReportMaxDatagram)
+		}
+		id, received, part, total, truncated, rows := parseReportPart(t, p)
+		if id != 42 || received != count || part != i || total != len(parts) || !truncated {
+			t.Fatalf("part %d header: id=%d received=%d part=%d/%d truncated=%v",
+				i, id, received, part, total, truncated)
+		}
+		got = append(got, rows...)
+	}
+	if len(got) != count {
+		t.Fatalf("round-tripped %d rows, want %d", len(got), count)
+	}
+	for i, r := range got {
+		want := train.Entries[i]
+		if r != want {
+			t.Fatalf("row %d = %+v, want %+v", i, r, want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuildTrainReportEmptyTrainStillAnswers(t *testing.T) {
+	parts := buildTrainReport(session.Train{ID: 9})
+	if len(parts) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("empty train: %d parts, want 1 — 'nothing arrived' is the answer, not silence", len(parts))
+	}
+	id, received, _, total, _, rows := parseReportPart(t, parts[0])
+	if id != 9 || received != 0 || total != 1 || len(rows) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("empty report: id=%d received=%d parts=%d rows=%d", id, received, total, len(rows))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestTrainDataThenReportOverTheWire(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr, addr := startServer(t)
+	sess, _, err := mgr.New("dev1", "credential-ikm", netip.MustParseAddr("127.0.0.1"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	client, err := net.DialUDP("udp", nil, net.UDPAddrFromAddrPort(addr))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer client.Close()
+	client.SetDeadline(time.Now().Add(3 * time.Second))
+
+	// A short train: id 5 in payload[0:4], plus padding.
+	const trainID, count = 5, 4
+	for i := 0; i < count; i++ {
+		payload := make([]byte, 60)
+		binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(payload[0:4], trainID)
+		if _, err := client.Write(craft(t, sess, TypeTrainData, uint32(i+1), payload)); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+	// TRAIN_DATA must be silent (spec §3.2).
+	client.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(300 * time.Millisecond))
+	if _, err := client.Read(make([]byte, 1500)); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("TRAIN_DATA got a response, want none")
+	}
+
+	// Ask for the report.
+	reqPayload := make([]byte, 4)
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(reqPayload, trainID)
+	client.SetDeadline(time.Now().Add(3 * time.Second))
+	if _, err := client.Write(craft(t, sess, TypeTrainReportReq, 100, reqPayload)); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	buf := make([]byte, 2000)
+	n, err := client.Read(buf)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("no TRAIN_REPORT: %v", err)
+	}
+	if buf[4] != TypeTrainReport {
+		t.Fatalf("type = %#x, want TRAIN_REPORT", buf[4])
+	}
+	id, received, part, parts, truncated, rows := parseReportPart(t, buf[HeaderSize:n])
+	if id != trainID || received != count || part != 0 || parts != 1 || truncated {
+		t.Fatalf("report header: id=%d received=%d part=%d/%d truncated=%v", id, received, part, parts, truncated)
+	}
+	if len(rows) != count {
+		t.Fatalf("%d rows, want %d", len(rows), count)
+	}
+	for i, r := range rows {
+		if r.Seq != uint32(i+1) {
+			t.Fatalf("row %d seq = %d, want %d", i, r.Seq, i+1)
+		}
+		if r.Size != HeaderSize+60 {
+			t.Fatalf("row %d size = %d, want %d", i, r.Size, HeaderSize+60)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Unknown train id: one zero-row report, not silence.
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(reqPayload, 999)
+	if _, err := client.Write(craft(t, sess, TypeTrainReportReq, 101, reqPayload)); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	n, err = client.Read(buf)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("no report for unknown train: %v", err)
+	}
+	id, received, _, _, _, rows = parseReportPart(t, buf[HeaderSize:n])
+	if id != 999 || received != 0 || len(rows) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("unknown-train report: id=%d received=%d rows=%d", id, received, len(rows))
+	}
+}

server/internal/dataplane/udp.go

@@ -2,15 +2,15 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
 
 // Package dataplane implements the binary UDP probe protocol (spec §3):
-// 32-byte header, HMAC gate, anti-replay, ECHO with observation block.
+// 32-byte header, HMAC gate, anti-replay, ECHO with observation block,
-// Skeleton scope: ECHO_REQ/ECHO_RESP and TIMESYNC only; trains, MTU probes
+// upstream trains with columnar reports, and the granted server->client sends.
-// and delayed echo land with the corresponding client tests.
 package dataplane
 
 import (
 	"crypto/hmac"
 	"crypto/sha256"
 	"encoding/binary"
+	"encoding/hex"
 	"fmt"
 	"log/slog"
 	"net"
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
+	"echo-lot.app/server/internal/ratelimit"
 	"echo-lot.app/server/internal/session"
 )
 
@@ -25,9 +26,14 @@ const (
 	Magic      = "ELT1"
 	HeaderSize = 32
 
-	TypeEchoReq     = 0x01
+	TypeEchoReq  = 0x01
-	TypeEchoResp    = 0x02
+	TypeEchoResp = 0x02
-	TypeTimesyncReq = 0x07
+	// Upstream trains (spec §3.2): DATA gets no per-packet response; REPORT_REQ fetches the
+	// server's received view as one or more REPORT datagrams (train.go).
+	TypeTrainData      = 0x03
+	TypeTrainReportReq = 0x04
+	TypeTrainReport    = 0x05
+	TypeTimesyncReq    = 0x07
 	TypeTimesyncRsp = 0x08
 	TypeMtuProbe    = 0x09
 	TypeMtuAck      = 0x0A
@@ -47,6 +53,12 @@ const (
 
 type Server struct {
 	Sessions *session.Manager
+	// Spec §2.5 ceilings on verified traffic, silent-drop (nil = no ceiling). Charged after the
+	// HMAC gate so an unauthenticated flood cannot spend anyone's budget, keyed per source
+	// address AND per device credential so neither one hot address nor one hot credential can
+	// crowd out the rest.
+	PacketRate *ratelimit.Limiter // tokens are packets
+	ByteRate   *ratelimit.Limiter // tokens are bytes
 	// Epoch for server-side t_rx/t_tx: process start; observation consumers
 	// only need differences plus the timesync exchange, not absolute time.
 	start time.Time
@@ -59,6 +71,34 @@ type Server struct {
 	dfMu sync.Mutex
 }
 
+// pktMeta is what the kernel told us about one received datagram beyond its bytes (spec §3.3:
+// received TTL, DSCP, ECN). 0xFF means "not observed": non-Linux hosts and datagrams whose
+// cmsg never arrived keep the sentinel rather than inventing a value.
+type pktMeta struct {
+	TTL uint8
+	TOS uint8 // the whole DSCP/ECN byte; DSCP = TOS>>2, ECN = TOS&3
+}
+
+const metaUnavailable = 0xFF
+
+func (m pktMeta) dscp() uint8 {
+	if m.TOS == metaUnavailable {
+		return metaUnavailable
+	}
+	return m.TOS >> 2
+}
+
+func (m pktMeta) ecn() uint8 {
+	if m.TOS == metaUnavailable {
+		return metaUnavailable
+	}
+	return m.TOS & 0x3
+}
+
+// oobCap fits the two cmsgs (TTL + TOS, each ≤ CMSG_SPACE(4)) with headroom for whatever else
+// the kernel decides to attach.
+const oobCap = 64
+
 // Serve runs the read loop for one socket; call once per bound address.
 // The socket is retained so actions (delayed echo) can pick a family-matching
 // sender later.
@@ -69,14 +109,16 @@ func (s *Server) Serve(conn *net.UDPConn) error {
 	}
 	s.conns = append(s.conns, conn)
 	s.mu.Unlock()
+	enableRecvMeta(conn)
 	buf := make([]byte, 65535)
+	oob := make([]byte, oobCap)
 	for {
-		n, raddr, err := conn.ReadFromUDPAddrPort(buf)
+		n, oobn, _, raddr, err := conn.ReadMsgUDPAddrPort(buf, oob)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 		tRx := time.Since(s.start).Nanoseconds()
-		s.handle(conn, raddr, buf[:n], tRx)
+		s.handle(conn, raddr, buf[:n], tRx, parseMeta(oob[:oobn]))
 	}
 }
 
@@ -126,7 +168,7 @@ func (s *Server) SendDelayedEcho(sess *session.Session, actionID string) error {
 
 // handle enforces spec §3.1/§3.4: unknown prefix, bad HMAC, expired session,
 // replayed seq → silent drop, never a response.
-func (s *Server) handle(conn *net.UDPConn, raddr netip.AddrPort, pkt []byte, tRxNs int64) {
+func (s *Server) handle(conn *net.UDPConn, raddr netip.AddrPort, pkt []byte, tRxNs int64, meta pktMeta) {
 	if len(pkt) < HeaderSize || string(pkt[0:4]) != Magic {
 		return
 	}
@@ -149,6 +191,12 @@ func (s *Server) handle(conn *net.UDPConn, raddr netip.AddrPort, pkt []byte, tRx
 	if !hmac.Equal(mac.Sum(nil)[:4], pkt[28:32]) {
 		return
 	}
+	// Spec §2.5: over-ceiling traffic is silently dropped (probes tolerate loss by design).
+	// After the HMAC gate so a spoofed flood cannot drain a victim's budget; before the replay
+	// window so a dropped packet's seq stays usable for a resend.
+	if !s.allowUDP(raddr, sess.Device, len(pkt)) {
+		return
+	}
 	if !sess.CheckSeq(seq) {
 		return
 	}
@@ -169,9 +217,16 @@ func (s *Server) handle(conn *net.UDPConn, raddr netip.AddrPort, pkt []byte, tRx
 		Src: raddr.String(), Size: len(pkt), Type: typ,
 	})
 
+	payload := pkt[HeaderSize : HeaderSize+int(payloadLen)]
 	switch typ {
 	case TypeEchoReq:
-		s.echoResp(conn, raddr, sess, pkt, seq, tRxNs)
+		s.echoResp(conn, raddr, sess, pkt, seq, tRxNs, meta)
+	case TypeTrainData:
+		// No response (spec §3.2): the train is upstream-only; its received view is fetched
+		// afterwards via TRAIN_REPORT_REQ or the observations API.
+		recordTrain(sess, payload, seq, len(pkt), tRxNs, meta)
+	case TypeTrainReportReq:
+		s.trainReport(conn, raddr, sess, payload)
 	case TypeTimesyncReq:
 		s.timesyncResp(conn, raddr, sess, pkt, seq, tRxNs)
 	case TypeMtuProbe:
@@ -181,6 +236,16 @@ func (s *Server) handle(conn *net.UDPConn, raddr netip.AddrPort, pkt []byte, tRx
 	}
 }
 
+// allowUDP charges the §2.5 packet and byte buckets, per source address and per credential.
+func (s *Server) allowUDP(raddr netip.AddrPort, device string, size int) bool {
+	ipKey, credKey := "ip:"+raddr.Addr().String(), "cred:"+device
+	okA, _ := s.PacketRate.Allow(ipKey)
+	okC, _ := s.PacketRate.Allow(credKey)
+	okAB, _ := s.ByteRate.AllowN(ipKey, float64(size))
+	okCB, _ := s.ByteRate.AllowN(credKey, float64(size))
+	return okA && okC && okAB && okCB
+}
+
 // mtuAck replies to an MTU_PROBE with a small MTU_ACK carrying the total
 // datagram size the server actually received (spec §3.2). The client sends
 // DF-flagged probes of increasing size and binary-searches the path MTU / a
@@ -198,28 +263,43 @@ func (s *Server) mtuAck(conn *net.UDPConn, raddr netip.AddrPort, sess *session.S
 //	 8  8  t_tx_ns
 //	16 16  observed source IP (v4-mapped when v4)
 //	32  2  observed source port
-//	34  1  received TTL   (0xFF = not observed yet; needs recvmsg cmsgs)
+//	34  1  received TTL   (0xFF = not observed; cmsgs unavailable on this host)
 //	35  1  received DSCP/ECN byte (0xFF = not observed)
 //	36  4  received size
-func observation(tRxNs, tTxNs int64, src netip.AddrPort, rcvd int) []byte {
+func observation(tRxNs, tTxNs int64, src netip.AddrPort, rcvd int, meta pktMeta) []byte {
 	b := make([]byte, 40)
 	binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(b[0:8], uint64(tRxNs))
 	binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(b[8:16], uint64(tTxNs))
 	a16 := src.Addr().As16()
 	copy(b[16:32], a16[:])
 	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(b[32:34], src.Port())
-	b[34], b[35] = 0xFF, 0xFF
+	b[34], b[35] = meta.TTL, meta.TOS
 	binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(b[36:40], uint32(rcvd))
 	return b
 }
 
+// putActionID writes a grant's action id into payload[8:16] — the correlation the spec promises
+// (§5: "an action_id echoed in resulting data-plane packets"), consumed by the client as
+// test.params.action_id (§9). Bytes [0:8] stay with the packet type; [8:16] is reserved for this
+// across every granted type, so the client needs one rule, not five.
+func putActionID(payload []byte, actionID string) {
+	if len(payload) < 16 {
+		return
+	}
+	raw, err := hex.DecodeString(actionID)
+	if err != nil || len(raw) != 8 {
+		return // a malformed id yields zero bytes, not a crash mid-burst
+	}
+	copy(payload[8:16], raw)
+}
+
 // echoResp mirrors the request header (type flipped), appends the observation
 // block, and re-HMACs with the session key. Anti-amplification: the response
 // is capped at the request size (spec §3.4) — the observation block replaces
 // padding rather than growing the datagram; if the request was smaller than
 // header+observation, the block is truncated to fit.
-func (s *Server) echoResp(conn *net.UDPConn, raddr netip.AddrPort, sess *session.Session, req []byte, seq uint32, tRxNs int64) {
+func (s *Server) echoResp(conn *net.UDPConn, raddr netip.AddrPort, sess *session.Session, req []byte, seq uint32, tRxNs int64, meta pktMeta) {
-	obs := observation(tRxNs, time.Since(s.start).Nanoseconds(), raddr, len(req))
+	obs := observation(tRxNs, time.Since(s.start).Nanoseconds(), raddr, len(req), meta)
 	max := len(req)
 	if max < HeaderSize {
 		return

server/internal/oidc/oidc.go

@@ -0,0 +1,504 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Echolot contributors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+// Package oidc verifies OpenID Connect ID tokens against a configured issuer.
+//
+// Echolot is a *relying party*, never an identity provider. It delegates to whatever IdP the
+// operator already runs and stores no passwords — no hashing, no reset flow, no lockout policy,
+// and no credential database to leak. For a tool people self-host on a box they also use for
+// other things, that is the difference between "one more service" and "one more thing that can
+// lose your users' passwords".
+//
+// Verification is written against the stdlib rather than a JWT library, because the server has no
+// external dependencies by design. That is a real constraint and it cuts both ways: the code below
+// is longer than `jwt.Parse`, but it is also auditable in one sitting and cannot be broken by
+// somebody else's release. The algorithm allow-list is the part that matters — accepting `alg`
+// from the token itself is the classic JWT forgery, so it is fixed here and `none` can never
+// appear.
+package oidc
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto"
+	"crypto/ecdsa"
+	"crypto/elliptic"
+	"crypto/rsa"
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"crypto/sha512"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"math/big"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// Claims are the parts of an ID token Echolot acts on.
+type Claims struct {
+	Issuer   string   `json:"iss"`
+	Subject  string   `json:"sub"`
+	Audience audience `json:"aud"`
+	Expiry   int64    `json:"exp"`
+	IssuedAt int64    `json:"iat"`
+	Nonce    string   `json:"nonce"`
+	Email    string   `json:"email"`
+	Name     string   `json:"name"`
+	Username string   `json:"preferred_username"`
+	Groups   []string `json:"groups"`
+}
+
+// AccountID is the stable identity of a person: issuer plus subject.
+//
+// Subject alone is not enough — it is only unique within an issuer — and email is not stable,
+// since people change them and IdPs allow reuse. Keying on iss+sub means an operator can switch
+// IdPs and know that the accounts did not silently merge.
+func (c Claims) AccountID() string { return c.Issuer + "#" + c.Subject }
+
+// Display is the friendliest name available, for the admin UI.
+func (c Claims) Display() string {
+	for _, s := range []string{c.Name, c.Username, c.Email} {
+		if s != "" {
+			return s
+		}
+	}
+	return c.Subject
+}
+
+// audience tolerates the spec's two shapes: a string or an array of strings.
+type audience []string
+
+func (a *audience) UnmarshalJSON(b []byte) error {
+	var one string
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(b, &one); err == nil {
+		*a = audience{one}
+		return nil
+	}
+	var many []string
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(b, &many); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	*a = many
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (a audience) contains(s string) bool {
+	for _, v := range a {
+		if v == s {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// Config is what the operator supplies.
+type Config struct {
+	// Issuer is the IdP's base URL, e.g. https://auth.example.net/application/o/echolot/
+	Issuer string
+	// ClientID is this server's own registered client — confidential, used for the admin UI's
+	// browser login, where a secret can genuinely be kept in the host's config.
+	ClientID string
+	// AppClientID is the mobile app's registered client. It is a separate, *public* client
+	// because an APK cannot keep a secret, so it uses PKCE instead.
+	//
+	// Both are accepted as audiences, and they must be listed rather than merged: a token is
+	// addressed to a specific client, and accepting "any client of this issuer" would let every
+	// other application registered with the same IdP authenticate here.
+	AppClientID string
+	// AdminGroup, when set, is the group claim a person must hold to reach the admin UI.
+	// Empty means no one is an admin via OIDC, which is the safe default: an operator who has
+	// not said who may administer the server has not said "everyone".
+	AdminGroup string
+	// Skew tolerated on exp/iat, for ordinary clock drift between the IdP and this server.
+	Skew time.Duration
+}
+
+func (c Config) Enabled() bool { return c.Issuer != "" && (c.ClientID != "" || c.AppClientID != "") }
+
+// acceptedAudiences is every client id this server answers for.
+func (v *Verifier) acceptedAudiences() []string {
+	out := make([]string, 0, 2)
+	for _, id := range []string{v.cfg.ClientID, v.cfg.AppClientID} {
+		if id != "" {
+			out = append(out, id)
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func (v *Verifier) audienceAccepted(aud audience) bool {
+	for _, id := range v.acceptedAudiences() {
+		if aud.contains(id) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// Discovery is the subset of the provider metadata document that is used.
+type Discovery struct {
+	Issuer                string `json:"issuer"`
+	AuthorizationEndpoint string `json:"authorization_endpoint"`
+	TokenEndpoint         string `json:"token_endpoint"`
+	JWKSURI               string `json:"jwks_uri"`
+	UserinfoEndpoint      string `json:"userinfo_endpoint"`
+	EndSessionEndpoint    string `json:"end_session_endpoint"`
+}
+
+// Verifier fetches provider metadata and keys, and checks tokens against them.
+type Verifier struct {
+	cfg    Config
+	client *http.Client
+
+	mu        sync.RWMutex
+	discovery *Discovery
+	keys      map[string]crypto.PublicKey
+	keysAt    time.Time
+}
+
+func New(cfg Config, client *http.Client) *Verifier {
+	if cfg.Skew == 0 {
+		cfg.Skew = 2 * time.Minute
+	}
+	if client == nil {
+		client = &http.Client{Timeout: 10 * time.Second}
+	}
+	return &Verifier{cfg: cfg, client: client, keys: map[string]crypto.PublicKey{}}
+}
+
+func (v *Verifier) Config() Config { return v.cfg }
+
+var (
+	ErrDisabled  = errors.New("no OIDC issuer is configured on this server")
+	ErrMalformed = errors.New("token is not a well-formed JWT")
+	ErrSignature = errors.New("token signature does not verify")
+	ErrClaims    = errors.New("token claims are not acceptable")
+)
+
+// Discover fetches (and caches) the provider metadata.
+func (v *Verifier) Discover(ctx context.Context) (*Discovery, error) {
+	if !v.cfg.Enabled() {
+		return nil, ErrDisabled
+	}
+	v.mu.RLock()
+	d := v.discovery
+	v.mu.RUnlock()
+	if d != nil {
+		return d, nil
+	}
+
+	url := strings.TrimRight(v.cfg.Issuer, "/") + "/.well-known/openid-configuration"
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, url, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	resp, err := v.client.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("discovery: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("discovery: %s returned %d", url, resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+	var got Discovery
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&got); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("discovery: %w", err)
+	}
+	// The issuer in the document must match the one configured, or a redirect could point us at
+	// somebody else's keys while we keep believing we are talking to the configured provider.
+	if strings.TrimRight(got.Issuer, "/") != strings.TrimRight(v.cfg.Issuer, "/") {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("discovery: document says issuer %q, configured %q", got.Issuer, v.cfg.Issuer)
+	}
+	v.mu.Lock()
+	v.discovery = &got
+	v.mu.Unlock()
+	return &got, nil
+}
+
+// jwksTTL is how long keys are trusted before refetching. Short enough to pick up a rotation
+// without an operator restarting anything; long enough that token checks are not IdP round trips.
+const jwksTTL = 15 * time.Minute
+
+func (v *Verifier) keyFor(ctx context.Context, kid string) (crypto.PublicKey, error) {
+	v.mu.RLock()
+	k, ok := v.keys[kid]
+	fresh := time.Since(v.keysAt) < jwksTTL
+	v.mu.RUnlock()
+	if ok && fresh {
+		return k, nil
+	}
+	if err := v.refreshKeys(ctx); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	v.mu.RLock()
+	defer v.mu.RUnlock()
+	if k, ok := v.keys[kid]; ok {
+		return k, nil
+	}
+	// A kid we have never seen, after a refresh, is a token from somewhere else.
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: no key %q at the issuer", ErrSignature, kid)
+}
+
+func (v *Verifier) refreshKeys(ctx context.Context) error {
+	d, err := v.Discover(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, d.JWKSURI, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	resp, err := v.client.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("jwks: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		return fmt.Errorf("jwks: %s returned %d", d.JWKSURI, resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+	var set struct {
+		Keys []jwk `json:"keys"`
+	}
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&set); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("jwks: %w", err)
+	}
+	parsed := make(map[string]crypto.PublicKey, len(set.Keys))
+	for _, k := range set.Keys {
+		if pub, err := k.publicKey(); err == nil {
+			parsed[k.Kid] = pub
+		}
+	}
+	if len(parsed) == 0 {
+		return errors.New("jwks: no usable keys")
+	}
+	v.mu.Lock()
+	v.keys = parsed
+	v.keysAt = time.Now()
+	v.mu.Unlock()
+	return nil
+}
+
+type jwk struct {
+	Kty string `json:"kty"`
+	Kid string `json:"kid"`
+	Alg string `json:"alg"`
+	Use string `json:"use"`
+	N   string `json:"n"`
+	E   string `json:"e"`
+	Crv string `json:"crv"`
+	X   string `json:"x"`
+	Y   string `json:"y"`
+}
+
+func (k jwk) publicKey() (crypto.PublicKey, error) {
+	switch k.Kty {
+	case "RSA":
+		n, err := b64uint(k.N)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		e, err := b64uint(k.E)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if !e.IsInt64() || e.Int64() > 1<<31 {
+			return nil, errors.New("implausible RSA exponent")
+		}
+		return &rsa.PublicKey{N: n, E: int(e.Int64())}, nil
+	case "EC":
+		curve, err := curveFor(k.Crv)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		x, err := b64uint(k.X)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		y, err := b64uint(k.Y)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return &ecdsa.PublicKey{Curve: curve, X: x, Y: y}, nil
+	}
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported key type %q", k.Kty)
+}
+
+// Verify checks a serialized ID token and returns its claims.
+//
+// The order is deliberate: structure, then algorithm, then signature, then claims. Nothing about
+// the token's contents is believed before its signature has been checked — reading `iss` or `aud`
+// out of an unverified token and acting on it is how "verified" tokens turn out not to be.
+func (v *Verifier) Verify(ctx context.Context, token string) (*Claims, error) {
+	if !v.cfg.Enabled() {
+		return nil, ErrDisabled
+	}
+	parts := strings.Split(token, ".")
+	if len(parts) != 3 {
+		return nil, ErrMalformed
+	}
+	headerJSON, err := b64(parts[0])
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, ErrMalformed
+	}
+	var hdr struct {
+		Alg string `json:"alg"`
+		Kid string `json:"kid"`
+		Typ string `json:"typ"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(headerJSON, &hdr); err != nil {
+		return nil, ErrMalformed
+	}
+	// The allow-list is fixed here rather than taken from the token. Trusting the token's own
+	// `alg` is the classic JWT forgery: "none" turns any token into a valid one, and swapping RS256
+	// for HS256 lets an attacker sign with the public key. Neither is reachable from here.
+	if _, ok := allowedAlgs[hdr.Alg]; !ok {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: algorithm %q is not accepted", ErrSignature, hdr.Alg)
+	}
+
+	pub, err := v.keyFor(ctx, hdr.Kid)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	sig, err := b64(parts[2])
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, ErrMalformed
+	}
+	signed := parts[0] + "." + parts[1]
+	if err := verifySignature(hdr.Alg, pub, []byte(signed), sig); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	payload, err := b64(parts[1])
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, ErrMalformed
+	}
+	var claims Claims
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(payload, &claims); err != nil {
+		return nil, ErrMalformed
+	}
+	if err := v.checkClaims(claims); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &claims, nil
+}
+
+func (v *Verifier) checkClaims(c Claims) error {
+	if strings.TrimRight(c.Issuer, "/") != strings.TrimRight(v.cfg.Issuer, "/") {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: issued by %q, expected %q", ErrClaims, c.Issuer, v.cfg.Issuer)
+	}
+	// A token addressed to a different client is a valid token that was not meant for us —
+	// accepting it lets any other client of the same IdP authenticate here.
+	if !v.audienceAccepted(c.Audience) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: addressed to %v, not to %v", ErrClaims,
+			[]string(c.Audience), v.acceptedAudiences())
+	}
+	if c.Subject == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: no subject", ErrClaims)
+	}
+	now := time.Now()
+	if c.Expiry == 0 || now.After(time.Unix(c.Expiry, 0).Add(v.cfg.Skew)) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: expired", ErrClaims)
+	}
+	if c.IssuedAt != 0 && now.Add(v.cfg.Skew).Before(time.Unix(c.IssuedAt, 0)) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: issued in the future", ErrClaims)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// IsAdmin reports whether these claims carry the configured admin group.
+//
+// With no group configured nobody is an admin: an operator who has not said who may administer
+// the server has not thereby said "anyone who can log in".
+func (v *Verifier) IsAdmin(c *Claims) bool {
+	if c == nil || v.cfg.AdminGroup == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, g := range c.Groups {
+		if g == v.cfg.AdminGroup {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+var allowedAlgs = map[string]crypto.Hash{
+	"RS256": crypto.SHA256, "RS384": crypto.SHA384, "RS512": crypto.SHA512,
+	"ES256": crypto.SHA256, "ES384": crypto.SHA384, "ES512": crypto.SHA512,
+}
+
+func verifySignature(alg string, pub crypto.PublicKey, signed, sig []byte) error {
+	h := allowedAlgs[alg]
+	digest := hashOf(h, signed)
+
+	switch {
+	case strings.HasPrefix(alg, "RS"):
+		k, ok := pub.(*rsa.PublicKey)
+		if !ok {
+			return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s token against a non-RSA key", ErrSignature, alg)
+		}
+		if err := rsa.VerifyPKCS1v15(k, h, digest, sig); err != nil {
+			return ErrSignature
+		}
+		return nil
+	case strings.HasPrefix(alg, "ES"):
+		k, ok := pub.(*ecdsa.PublicKey)
+		if !ok {
+			return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s token against a non-EC key", ErrSignature, alg)
+		}
+		// JWS packs ECDSA signatures as r||s, fixed width — not the ASN.1 form ecdsa.Verify
+		// would otherwise expect.
+		if len(sig)%2 != 0 {
+			return ErrSignature
+		}
+		half := len(sig) / 2
+		r := new(big.Int).SetBytes(sig[:half])
+		s := new(big.Int).SetBytes(sig[half:])
+		if !ecdsa.Verify(k, digest, r, s) {
+			return ErrSignature
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+	return ErrSignature
+}
+
+func hashOf(h crypto.Hash, b []byte) []byte {
+	switch h {
+	case crypto.SHA384:
+		d := sha512.Sum384(b)
+		return d[:]
+	case crypto.SHA512:
+		d := sha512.Sum512(b)
+		return d[:]
+	default:
+		d := sha256.Sum256(b)
+		return d[:]
+	}
+}
+
+func curveFor(crv string) (elliptic.Curve, error) {
+	switch crv {
+	case "P-256":
+		return elliptic.P256(), nil
+	case "P-384":
+		return elliptic.P384(), nil
+	case "P-521":
+		return elliptic.P521(), nil
+	}
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported curve %q", crv)
+}
+
+// b64 decodes JWT base64url, which omits padding.
+func b64(s string) ([]byte, error) { return base64.RawURLEncoding.DecodeString(s) }
+
+func b64uint(s string) (*big.Int, error) {
+	b, err := b64(s)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if len(b) == 0 {
+		return nil, errors.New("empty value")
+	}
+	return new(big.Int).SetBytes(b), nil
+}

server/internal/oidc/oidc_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,325 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Echolot contributors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+package oidc
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto"
+	"crypto/ecdsa"
+	"crypto/elliptic"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"crypto/rsa"
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"math/big"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// A self-contained IdP: real keys, real signatures, real discovery and JWKS documents. Testing
+// token verification against anything less than a genuine signer proves nothing — the failure
+// modes that matter here (accepting `none`, accepting another client's token, accepting an
+// expired one) all look fine to a mock that just returns success.
+type testIdP struct {
+	*httptest.Server
+	rsaKey *rsa.PrivateKey
+	ecKey  *ecdsa.PrivateKey
+}
+
+func newIdP(t *testing.T) *testIdP {
+	t.Helper()
+	rk, err := rsa.GenerateKey(rand.Reader, 2048)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	ek, err := ecdsa.GenerateKey(elliptic.P256(), rand.Reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	idp := &testIdP{rsaKey: rk, ecKey: ek}
+
+	mux := http.NewServeMux()
+	mux.HandleFunc("/.well-known/openid-configuration", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(Discovery{
+			Issuer:                idp.URL,
+			AuthorizationEndpoint: idp.URL + "/auth",
+			TokenEndpoint:         idp.URL + "/token",
+			JWKSURI:               idp.URL + "/jwks",
+		})
+	})
+	mux.HandleFunc("/jwks", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]any{"keys": []map[string]string{
+			{
+				"kty": "RSA", "kid": "rsa-1", "alg": "RS256", "use": "sig",
+				"n": raw(rk.N.Bytes()),
+				"e": raw(big.NewInt(int64(rk.E)).Bytes()),
+			},
+			{
+				"kty": "EC", "kid": "ec-1", "alg": "ES256", "use": "sig", "crv": "P-256",
+				"x": raw(ek.X.Bytes()), "y": raw(ek.Y.Bytes()),
+			},
+		}})
+	})
+	idp.Server = httptest.NewServer(mux)
+	t.Cleanup(idp.Close)
+	return idp
+}
+
+func raw(b []byte) string { return base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(b) }
+
+func (i *testIdP) sign(t *testing.T, alg, kid string, claims map[string]any) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	h, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]string{"alg": alg, "kid": kid, "typ": "JWT"})
+	p, _ := json.Marshal(claims)
+	signing := raw(h) + "." + raw(p)
+	digest := sha256.Sum256([]byte(signing))
+
+	var sig []byte
+	switch alg {
+	case "RS256":
+		s, err := rsa.SignPKCS1v15(rand.Reader, i.rsaKey, crypto.SHA256, digest[:])
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		sig = s
+	case "ES256":
+		r, s, err := ecdsa.Sign(rand.Reader, i.ecKey, digest[:])
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		// JWS wants fixed-width r||s, not ASN.1.
+		sig = make([]byte, 64)
+		r.FillBytes(sig[:32])
+		s.FillBytes(sig[32:])
+	default:
+		t.Fatalf("unsupported test alg %q", alg)
+	}
+	return signing + "." + raw(sig)
+}
+
+func (i *testIdP) claims(extra map[string]any) map[string]any {
+	c := map[string]any{
+		"iss": i.URL, "sub": "user-1", "aud": "echolot",
+		"exp": time.Now().Add(time.Hour).Unix(), "iat": time.Now().Unix(),
+		"email": "someone@example.net", "groups": []string{"users"},
+	}
+	for k, v := range extra {
+		c[k] = v
+	}
+	return c
+}
+
+func verifier(i *testIdP, adminGroup string) *Verifier {
+	return New(Config{
+		Issuer: i.URL, ClientID: "echolot", AppClientID: "echolot-app", AdminGroup: adminGroup,
+	}, i.Client())
+}
+
+func TestAcceptsAGenuineToken(t *testing.T) {
+	idp := newIdP(t)
+	v := verifier(idp, "")
+	for _, tc := range []struct{ alg, kid string }{{"RS256", "rsa-1"}, {"ES256", "ec-1"}} {
+		got, err := v.Verify(context.Background(), idp.sign(t, tc.alg, tc.kid, idp.claims(nil)))
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("%s: %v", tc.alg, err)
+		}
+		if got.Subject != "user-1" || got.Email != "someone@example.net" {
+			t.Fatalf("%s: claims not parsed: %+v", tc.alg, got)
+		}
+		if want := idp.URL + "#user-1"; got.AccountID() != want {
+			t.Errorf("AccountID = %q, want %q", got.AccountID(), want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// "alg": "none" is the oldest JWT forgery there is: strip the signature, declare no algorithm,
+// and a naive verifier accepts anything. It must not even reach the key lookup.
+func TestRejectsAlgNone(t *testing.T) {
+	idp := newIdP(t)
+	v := verifier(idp, "")
+	h, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]string{"alg": "none", "kid": "rsa-1", "typ": "JWT"})
+	p, _ := json.Marshal(idp.claims(nil))
+	token := raw(h) + "." + raw(p) + "."
+	if _, err := v.Verify(context.Background(), token); !errors.Is(err, ErrSignature) {
+		t.Fatalf("alg=none was not refused as a signature failure: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// The other classic: declare HS256 so the verifier treats the RSA *public* key as an HMAC secret,
+// which the attacker also has. The allow-list has no symmetric algorithms at all.
+func TestRejectsSymmetricAlgorithmConfusion(t *testing.T) {
+	idp := newIdP(t)
+	v := verifier(idp, "")
+	h, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]string{"alg": "HS256", "kid": "rsa-1", "typ": "JWT"})
+	p, _ := json.Marshal(idp.claims(nil))
+	token := raw(h) + "." + raw(p) + "." + raw([]byte("whatever"))
+	if _, err := v.Verify(context.Background(), token); !errors.Is(err, ErrSignature) {
+		t.Fatalf("HS256 confusion was not refused: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRejectsATamperedPayload(t *testing.T) {
+	idp := newIdP(t)
+	v := verifier(idp, "")
+	good := idp.sign(t, "RS256", "rsa-1", idp.claims(nil))
+	// Swap the payload for one claiming to be somebody else, keeping the valid signature.
+	forged, _ := json.Marshal(idp.claims(map[string]any{"sub": "admin"}))
+	parts := []byte(good)
+	dot1, dot2 := 0, 0
+	for i, c := range parts {
+		if c == '.' {
+			if dot1 == 0 {
+				dot1 = i
+			} else {
+				dot2 = i
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	token := string(parts[:dot1+1]) + raw(forged) + string(parts[dot2:])
+	if _, err := v.Verify(context.Background(), token); !errors.Is(err, ErrSignature) {
+		t.Fatalf("a swapped payload was not refused: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// A token from the same IdP but issued to a different client is perfectly valid — just not for
+// us. Accepting it would let any other client of the same provider authenticate here.
+func TestRejectsAnotherClientsToken(t *testing.T) {
+	idp := newIdP(t)
+	v := verifier(idp, "")
+	tok := idp.sign(t, "RS256", "rsa-1", idp.claims(map[string]any{"aud": "some-other-app"}))
+	if _, err := v.Verify(context.Background(), tok); !errors.Is(err, ErrClaims) {
+		t.Fatalf("another client's token was accepted: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAcceptsAudienceArrayContainingUs(t *testing.T) {
+	idp := newIdP(t)
+	v := verifier(idp, "")
+	tok := idp.sign(t, "RS256", "rsa-1", idp.claims(map[string]any{"aud": []string{"other", "echolot"}}))
+	if _, err := v.Verify(context.Background(), tok); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("an audience array including us was refused: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRejectsExpiredAndFutureTokens(t *testing.T) {
+	idp := newIdP(t)
+	v := verifier(idp, "")
+	expired := idp.sign(t, "RS256", "rsa-1", idp.claims(map[string]any{
+		"exp": time.Now().Add(-time.Hour).Unix(),
+	}))
+	if _, err := v.Verify(context.Background(), expired); !errors.Is(err, ErrClaims) {
+		t.Errorf("expired token accepted: %v", err)
+	}
+	future := idp.sign(t, "RS256", "rsa-1", idp.claims(map[string]any{
+		"iat": time.Now().Add(time.Hour).Unix(),
+	}))
+	if _, err := v.Verify(context.Background(), future); !errors.Is(err, ErrClaims) {
+		t.Errorf("token issued in the future accepted: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// A token signed by a completely different provider, with its own keys and its own kid.
+func TestRejectsATokenFromAnotherIssuer(t *testing.T) {
+	ours, theirs := newIdP(t), newIdP(t)
+	v := verifier(ours, "")
+	tok := theirs.sign(t, "RS256", "rsa-1", theirs.claims(nil))
+	if _, err := v.Verify(context.Background(), tok); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("a token from another issuer was accepted")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRejectsMalformedTokens(t *testing.T) {
+	idp := newIdP(t)
+	v := verifier(idp, "")
+	for _, bad := range []string{"", "not-a-token", "a.b", "a.b.c.d", "...", "!!!.???.***"} {
+		if _, err := v.Verify(context.Background(), bad); err == nil {
+			t.Errorf("%q was accepted", bad)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// With no admin group configured, nobody is an admin. An operator who has not said who may
+// administer the server has not thereby said "anyone who can log in".
+func TestNobodyIsAdminUntilAGroupIsConfigured(t *testing.T) {
+	idp := newIdP(t)
+	claims := &Claims{Groups: []string{"users", "echolot-admins"}}
+
+	if verifier(idp, "").IsAdmin(claims) {
+		t.Error("someone was an admin with no admin group configured")
+	}
+	if !verifier(idp, "echolot-admins").IsAdmin(claims) {
+		t.Error("a member of the configured group was not an admin")
+	}
+	if verifier(idp, "other-group").IsAdmin(claims) {
+		t.Error("a non-member was an admin")
+	}
+	if verifier(idp, "echolot-admins").IsAdmin(nil) {
+		t.Error("an absent identity was an admin")
+	}
+}
+
+// A discovery document whose issuer disagrees with the configured one means we were redirected
+// somewhere — and would otherwise have fetched that somewhere's signing keys while believing
+// they belonged to the configured provider.
+func TestRefusesDiscoveryThatRenamesTheIssuer(t *testing.T) {
+	mux := http.NewServeMux()
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(mux)
+	defer srv.Close()
+	mux.HandleFunc("/.well-known/openid-configuration", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(Discovery{Issuer: "https://somewhere.else", JWKSURI: srv.URL + "/jwks"})
+	})
+	v := New(Config{Issuer: srv.URL, ClientID: "echolot"}, srv.Client())
+	if _, err := v.Discover(context.Background()); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("discovery accepted a document for a different issuer")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDisabledWithoutConfiguration(t *testing.T) {
+	v := New(Config{}, nil)
+	if v.Config().Enabled() {
+		t.Fatal("an unconfigured verifier reports itself enabled")
+	}
+	if _, err := v.Verify(context.Background(), "x.y.z"); !errors.Is(err, ErrDisabled) {
+		t.Fatalf("want ErrDisabled, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// Two clients, because the phone and the admin UI have different properties: an APK cannot keep a
+// secret (public + PKCE) while the server can (confidential). Both must be accepted — but only
+// those two. "Any client of this issuer" would let every other application registered with the
+// same IdP authenticate here, which is the whole reason the audience check exists.
+func TestBothRegisteredClientsAreAccepted(t *testing.T) {
+	idp := newIdP(t)
+	v := verifier(idp, "")
+
+	for _, aud := range []any{"echolot", "echolot-app", []string{"echolot-app", "other"}} {
+		tok := idp.sign(t, "RS256", "rsa-1", idp.claims(map[string]any{"aud": aud}))
+		if _, err := v.Verify(context.Background(), tok); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("aud %v was refused: %v", aud, err)
+		}
+	}
+	// A third application at the same issuer is still not us.
+	tok := idp.sign(t, "RS256", "rsa-1", idp.claims(map[string]any{"aud": "someone-elses-app"}))
+	if _, err := v.Verify(context.Background(), tok); !errors.Is(err, ErrClaims) {
+		t.Fatalf("a third client's token was accepted: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// Either client id alone is enough to make sign-in usable: an operator may register only the app
+// (no admin UI login) or only the server.
+func TestEitherClientIDAloneEnablesSignIn(t *testing.T) {
+	if !(Config{Issuer: "https://i", ClientID: "a"}).Enabled() {
+		t.Error("a server-only configuration was reported disabled")
+	}
+	if !(Config{Issuer: "https://i", AppClientID: "b"}).Enabled() {
+		t.Error("an app-only configuration was reported disabled")
+	}
+	if (Config{Issuer: "https://i"}).Enabled() {
+		t.Error("an issuer with no client at all was reported enabled")
+	}
+}

server/internal/ratelimit/ratelimit.go

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Echolot contributors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+// Package ratelimit implements the spec §2.5 token buckets: per-credential and per-source-IP
+// ceilings on session creation, actions, UDP packets and bytes. One Limiter holds one policy
+// (rate + burst) and lazily creates a bucket per key; callers namespace their keys ("cred:…",
+// "ip:…") so a single Limiter can enforce both axes of the same rule.
+package ratelimit
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// Limiter is a keyed set of token buckets sharing one rate and burst.
+//
+// A nil *Limiter allows everything: the ceilings are configurable down to "off" (config value 0),
+// and a nil check in one place beats a sentinel policy that every call site must know about.
+type Limiter struct {
+	rate  float64 // tokens per second
+	burst float64
+
+	mu        sync.Mutex
+	buckets   map[string]*bucket
+	lastSweep time.Time
+	now       func() time.Time // swappable so tests need no sleeping
+}
+
+type bucket struct {
+	tokens float64
+	last   time.Time
+}
+
+// New creates a limiter granting ratePerSec tokens per second per key, holding at most burst.
+func New(ratePerSec, burst float64) *Limiter {
+	return &Limiter{
+		rate:    ratePerSec,
+		burst:   burst,
+		buckets: map[string]*bucket{},
+		now:     time.Now,
+	}
+}
+
+// Allow takes one token for key. See AllowN.
+func (l *Limiter) Allow(key string) (bool, time.Duration) {
+	return l.AllowN(key, 1)
+}
+
+// AllowN takes n tokens for key, reporting whether they were available and — when they were
+// not — how long until they will be, which is what a control-plane 429 puts in Retry-After.
+// A refusal consumes nothing: the caller being told to wait must not itself push the wait out.
+func (l *Limiter) AllowN(key string, n float64) (bool, time.Duration) {
+	if l == nil {
+		return true, 0
+	}
+	l.mu.Lock()
+	defer l.mu.Unlock()
+	now := l.now()
+	l.sweepLocked(now)
+	b := l.buckets[key]
+	if b == nil {
+		b = &bucket{tokens: l.burst, last: now}
+		l.buckets[key] = b
+	}
+	b.tokens += now.Sub(b.last).Seconds() * l.rate
+	if b.tokens > l.burst {
+		b.tokens = l.burst
+	}
+	b.last = now
+	if b.tokens >= n {
+		b.tokens -= n
+		return true, 0
+	}
+	return false, time.Duration((n - b.tokens) / l.rate * float64(time.Second))
+}
+
+// sweepEvery bounds how often the map is walked; the walk is cheap but there is no point doing
+// it per packet on the data plane's hot path.
+const sweepEvery = time.Minute
+
+// sweepLocked drops buckets that have been idle long enough to be full again. A full bucket
+// carries no state a fresh one would not, and without the sweep the map grows one entry per
+// source address ever seen — an attacker-controlled key space must not be an unbounded one.
+func (l *Limiter) sweepLocked(now time.Time) {
+	if now.Sub(l.lastSweep) < sweepEvery {
+		return
+	}
+	l.lastSweep = now
+	idle := sweepEvery
+	if l.rate > 0 {
+		if refill := time.Duration(l.burst / l.rate * float64(time.Second)); refill > idle {
+			idle = refill
+		}
+	}
+	for k, b := range l.buckets {
+		if now.Sub(b.last) > idle {
+			delete(l.buckets, k)
+		}
+	}
+}

server/internal/ratelimit/ratelimit_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Echolot contributors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+package ratelimit
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// clockAt pins the limiter to a fake clock so refill is a function of arithmetic, not sleeping.
+func clockAt(l *Limiter) *time.Time {
+	t := time.Unix(1000, 0)
+	l.now = func() time.Time { return t }
+	return &t
+}
+
+func TestBurstThenRefusalThenRefill(t *testing.T) {
+	l := New(1, 3) // 1 token/s, burst 3
+	now := clockAt(l)
+
+	for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
+		if ok, _ := l.Allow("k"); !ok {
+			t.Fatalf("token %d of the burst refused", i)
+		}
+	}
+	ok, wait := l.Allow("k")
+	if ok {
+		t.Fatal("fourth token inside the same instant should be refused")
+	}
+	if wait <= 0 || wait > time.Second {
+		t.Fatalf("retry-after = %v, want (0, 1s]", wait)
+	}
+
+	*now = now.Add(2 * time.Second) // refills 2 tokens
+	if ok, _ := l.Allow("k"); !ok {
+		t.Fatal("refused after refill")
+	}
+	if ok, _ := l.Allow("k"); !ok {
+		t.Fatal("second refilled token refused")
+	}
+	if ok, _ := l.Allow("k"); ok {
+		t.Fatal("third token allowed but only two seconds elapsed")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRefusalConsumesNothing(t *testing.T) {
+	l := New(1, 1)
+	now := clockAt(l)
+	l.Allow("k")
+	// Hammering while empty must not push the refill out.
+	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+		if ok, _ := l.Allow("k"); ok {
+			t.Fatal("allowed while empty")
+		}
+	}
+	*now = now.Add(time.Second)
+	if ok, _ := l.Allow("k"); !ok {
+		t.Fatal("the refused attempts ate the refill")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestKeysAreIndependent(t *testing.T) {
+	l := New(1, 1)
+	clockAt(l)
+	l.Allow("a")
+	if ok, _ := l.Allow("b"); !ok {
+		t.Fatal("draining key a refused key b")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAllowNChargesBytes(t *testing.T) {
+	l := New(1000, 1000) // e.g. bytes/s
+	clockAt(l)
+	if ok, _ := l.AllowN("k", 900); !ok {
+		t.Fatal("900 of 1000 refused")
+	}
+	if ok, _ := l.AllowN("k", 200); ok {
+		t.Fatal("1100 of 1000 allowed")
+	}
+	if ok, _ := l.AllowN("k", 100); !ok {
+		t.Fatal("the refused 200 consumed the remaining 100")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNilLimiterAllowsEverything(t *testing.T) {
+	var l *Limiter
+	if ok, wait := l.AllowN("k", 1e12); !ok || wait != 0 {
+		t.Fatal("nil limiter must be a no-op")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSweepDropsIdleBucketsOnly(t *testing.T) {
+	l := New(1, 3)
+	now := clockAt(l)
+	l.Allow("idle")
+	*now = now.Add(2 * time.Minute)
+	l.Allow("busy") // triggers the sweep; "idle" refilled long ago
+	if _, held := l.buckets["idle"]; held {
+		t.Fatal("idle bucket survived the sweep")
+	}
+	if _, held := l.buckets["busy"]; !held {
+		t.Fatal("active bucket was swept")
+	}
+}

server/internal/relsign/relsign.go

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Echolot contributors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+// Package relsign signs and verifies release manifests (detached ed25519 over SHA256SUMS).
+//
+// The checksum file alone protects download integrity, not authenticity: SHA256SUMS and the
+// binaries come from the same Gitea release, so whoever can alter one can alter both. The
+// signature is what separates "the file arrived intact" from "the project published this file" —
+// its private key lives in the CI secret store, not on the release host, so a compromised Gitea
+// can serve corrupted binaries but cannot make a self-updating server accept them.
+//
+// Formats, chosen to be reproducible with nothing but a stock library in any language:
+// the private key is the base64 of the 32-byte ed25519 seed, the public key the base64 of the
+// 32-byte public key, and the signature file the base64 of the 64-byte signature over the exact
+// bytes of the signed file.
+package relsign
+
+import (
+	"crypto/ed25519"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// GenerateKey mints a fresh signing keypair.
+func GenerateKey() (pubB64, seedB64 string, err error) {
+	pub, priv, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", err
+	}
+	return base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(pub),
+		base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(priv.Seed()), nil
+}
+
+// Sign produces the detached signature (base64) for data.
+func Sign(seedB64 string, data []byte) (string, error) {
+	seed, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(strings.TrimSpace(seedB64))
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("signing key is not valid base64: %w", err)
+	}
+	if len(seed) != ed25519.SeedSize {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("signing key must be %d bytes, got %d", ed25519.SeedSize, len(seed))
+	}
+	priv := ed25519.NewKeyFromSeed(seed)
+	return base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(ed25519.Sign(priv, data)), nil
+}
+
+// Verify checks a detached signature. A nil error means the holder of the private key matching
+// pubB64 signed exactly these bytes.
+func Verify(pubB64 string, data []byte, sigB64 string) error {
+	pub, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(strings.TrimSpace(pubB64))
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("public key is not valid base64: %w", err)
+	}
+	if len(pub) != ed25519.PublicKeySize {
+		return fmt.Errorf("public key must be %d bytes, got %d", ed25519.PublicKeySize, len(pub))
+	}
+	sig, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(strings.TrimSpace(sigB64))
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("signature is not valid base64: %w", err)
+	}
+	if !ed25519.Verify(ed25519.PublicKey(pub), data, sig) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("signature does not verify: the file was not signed by this key, or was altered after signing")
+	}
+	return nil
+}

server/internal/relsign/relsign_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Echolot contributors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+package relsign
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestRoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
+	pub, seed, err := GenerateKey()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	data := []byte("abc123  echolot-server_linux_amd64\n")
+	sig, err := Sign(seed, data)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := Verify(pub, data, sig); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("a signature this package just made must verify: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAlteredContentIsRefused(t *testing.T) {
+	// The attack this exists for: same length, one checksum swapped for another.
+	pub, seed, _ := GenerateKey()
+	sig, _ := Sign(seed, []byte("aaa  echolot-server_linux_amd64\n"))
+	if err := Verify(pub, []byte("bbb  echolot-server_linux_amd64\n"), sig); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("altered content must not verify")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWrongKeyIsRefused(t *testing.T) {
+	// A compromised release host can re-sign with its own key; only ours may pass.
+	pub1, _, _ := GenerateKey()
+	_, seed2, _ := GenerateKey()
+	data := []byte("payload")
+	sig, _ := Sign(seed2, data)
+	if err := Verify(pub1, data, sig); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("a signature from a different key must not verify")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSurroundingWhitespaceIsTolerated(t *testing.T) {
+	// Keys travel through env vars and files; a trailing newline must not break verification.
+	pub, seed, _ := GenerateKey()
+	data := []byte("data")
+	sig, err := Sign("  "+seed+"\n", data)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := Verify(pub+"\n", data, "\t"+sig+"\n"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("whitespace around base64 must be tolerated: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGarbageInputsFailCleanly(t *testing.T) {
+	pub, seed, _ := GenerateKey()
+	if _, err := Sign("not base64!!", []byte("x")); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "base64") {
+		t.Fatalf("bad seed must name the problem, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := Sign("c2hvcnQ=", []byte("x")); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("short seed must be refused")
+	}
+	if err := Verify("c2hvcnQ=", []byte("x"), "AAAA"); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("short public key must be refused")
+	}
+	if err := Verify(pub, []byte("x"), "not base64!!"); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("bad signature encoding must be refused")
+	}
+	_ = seed
+}

server/internal/runs/account_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Echolot contributors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+package runs
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// Account scoping widens what a caller can read, so the test that matters is the one about what
+// it must NOT widen: a run id from another account has to be invisible, not merely unlisted.
+func TestAccountScopingDoesNotReachOtherAccounts(t *testing.T) {
+	s, _ := open(t, DefaultPolicy())
+
+	// Two devices on one account, one device belonging to somebody else.
+	mine := []string{"phone-a", "tablet-a"}
+	for i, d := range mine {
+		if _, err := s.Put(d, doc("run-"+d, AnonFull), true); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		_ = i
+		time.Sleep(2 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+	if _, err := s.Put("phone-b", doc("run-secret", AnonFull), true); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	got := s.ListFor(mine)
+	if len(got) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("account history has %d runs, want 2", len(got))
+	}
+	for _, m := range got {
+		if m.ID == "run-secret" {
+			t.Fatal("another account's run appeared in the history")
+		}
+	}
+
+	// The decisive one: knowing the id is not enough.
+	if _, ok := s.OwnerOf(mine, "run-secret"); ok {
+		t.Fatal("a run id from another account resolved against this account's devices")
+	}
+	if owner, ok := s.OwnerOf(mine, "run-phone-a"); !ok || owner != "phone-a" {
+		t.Fatalf("own run did not resolve: owner=%q ok=%v", owner, ok)
+	}
+	// A sibling device's run must resolve — that is the point of the feature.
+	if owner, ok := s.OwnerOf(mine, "run-tablet-a"); !ok || owner != "tablet-a" {
+		t.Fatalf("sibling device's run did not resolve: owner=%q ok=%v", owner, ok)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAccountHistoryIsNewestFirstAcrossDevices(t *testing.T) {
+	s, _ := open(t, DefaultPolicy())
+	if _, err := s.Put("phone", doc("older", AnonFull), true); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	time.Sleep(5 * time.Millisecond)
+	if _, err := s.Put("tablet", doc("newer", AnonFull), true); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	got := s.ListFor([]string{"phone", "tablet"})
+	if len(got) != 2 || got[0].ID != "newer" {
+		t.Fatalf("not merged newest-first: %+v", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEmptyDeviceSetSeesNothing(t *testing.T) {
+	s, _ := open(t, DefaultPolicy())
+	if _, err := s.Put("someone", doc("run-1", AnonFull), true); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if got := s.ListFor(nil); len(got) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("an empty device set returned %d runs", len(got))
+	}
+	if _, ok := s.OwnerOf(nil, "run-1"); ok {
+		t.Fatal("a run resolved against an empty device set")
+	}
+}

server/internal/runs/runs.go

@@ -38,10 +38,9 @@ const (
 	// ModeAnonymous accepts uploads from any enrolled device. The default: enrollment already
 	// required an admin-minted token, so "anyone enrolled" is not "anyone".
 	ModeAnonymous Mode = "anonymous"
-	// ModeAccount accepts uploads only from a device tied to a signed-in account. The account
+	// ModeAccount accepts uploads only from a device where somebody has signed in (see
-	// system (OIDC) is not built yet, so today this refuses everything with a distinct reason —
+	// /v1/account/link). Enrollment alone is not enough: the operator's token admits a device,
-	// it exists so operators can pick the strict setting now and have it mean the right thing
+	// an account attributes it to a person.
-	// when accounts land, rather than silently loosening on upgrade.
 	ModeAccount Mode = "account"
 )
 
@@ -120,22 +119,27 @@ func Open(stateDir string, p Policy) (*Store, error) {
 
 func (s *Store) Policy() Policy { return s.policy }
 
-// Accepts reports whether an upload would be allowed at all, so callers can answer the
+// Accepts reports whether an upload from this caller would be allowed at all, so callers can
-// capability question without a body.
+// answer the capability question without a body.
-func (s *Store) Accepts() error {
+//
+// linked says whether a person has signed in on the uploading device. It is the only thing that
+// distinguishes ModeAccount from ModeOff — and the reason the check takes an argument at all.
+func (s *Store) Accepts(linked bool) error {
 	switch s.policy.Mode {
 	case ModeOff:
 		return ErrDisabled
 	case ModeAccount:
-		return ErrNeedAccount
+		if !linked {
+			return ErrNeedAccount
+		}
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
 // Put validates and stores one uploaded document. body is the raw JSON as received: it is stored
 // byte-for-byte so what the device signed off on is what sits on disk.
-func (s *Store) Put(deviceID string, body []byte) (Meta, error) {
+func (s *Store) Put(deviceID string, body []byte, linked bool) (Meta, error) {
-	if err := s.Accepts(); err != nil {
+	if err := s.Accepts(linked); err != nil {
 		return Meta{}, err
 	}
 	if s.policy.MaxBytes > 0 && int64(len(body)) > s.policy.MaxBytes {
@@ -154,7 +158,11 @@ func (s *Store) Put(deviceID string, body []byte) (Meta, error) {
 		} `json:"run"`
 		Findings []json.RawMessage `json:"findings"`
 		Summary  struct {
-			Verdict string `json:"verdict"`
+			// measurement-schema.md §7.3 calls this "overall"; "verdict" is the per-category
+			// field one level down. Reading the wrong one stored an empty verdict on every run
+			// ever uploaded, which the UI showed as "not recorded" — a claim about the document
+			// that was really a bug in this parser.
+			Overall string `json:"overall"`
 		} `json:"summary"`
 	}
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &doc); err != nil || doc.Run.ID == "" {
@@ -188,7 +196,7 @@ func (s *Store) Put(deviceID string, body []byte) (Meta, error) {
 	meta := Meta{
 		ID: id, DeviceID: deviceID, UploadedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
 		StartedAt: doc.Run.StartedAt, Anonymization: level,
-		SizeBytes: int64(len(body)), Verdict: doc.Summary.Verdict,
+		SizeBytes: int64(len(body)), Verdict: doc.Summary.Overall,
 		FindingCount: len(doc.Findings),
 	}
 	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(devDir, id+".meta.json"), mustJSON(meta), 0o600); err != nil {
@@ -205,6 +213,38 @@ func (s *Store) List(deviceID string) []Meta {
 	return s.listLocked(filepath.Join(s.dir, sanitizeID(deviceID)))
 }
 
+// ListFor returns the runs of several devices at once, newest first.
+//
+// This is what makes an account mean something: three phones signed in to one account produce one
+// history, which is the main reason to have accounts beyond upload permission.
+func (s *Store) ListFor(deviceIDs []string) []Meta {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	var out []Meta
+	for _, id := range deviceIDs {
+		out = append(out, s.listLocked(filepath.Join(s.dir, sanitizeID(id)))...)
+	}
+	sort.Slice(out, func(i, j int) bool { return out[i].UploadedAt.After(out[j].UploadedAt) })
+	return out
+}
+
+// OwnerOf reports which of these devices holds runID, so a caller can be granted access to a run
+// belonging to a sibling device without being able to name an arbitrary device.
+//
+// The search is over an allow-list the caller never supplies directly — it comes from the account
+// — so a run id from another account simply is not found.
+func (s *Store) OwnerOf(deviceIDs []string, runID string) (string, bool) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	for _, id := range deviceIDs {
+		p := filepath.Join(s.dir, sanitizeID(id), sanitizeID(runID)+".json")
+		if fi, err := os.Stat(p); err == nil && !fi.IsDir() {
+			return id, true
+		}
+	}
+	return "", false
+}
+
 // Get returns the stored document bytes for one run.
 func (s *Store) Get(deviceID, runID string) ([]byte, error) {
 	s.mu.Lock()

server/internal/runs/runs_test.go

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import (
 func doc(id, anon string) []byte {
 	return []byte(fmt.Sprintf(
 		`{"run":{"id":%q,"started_at":"2026-08-01T10:00:00Z","privacy":{"anonymization":%q}},`+
-			`"findings":[{"id":"f1"},{"id":"f2"}],"summary":{"verdict":"warn"}}`, id, anon))
+			`"findings":[{"id":"f1"},{"id":"f2"}],"summary":{"overall":"yellow"}}`, id, anon))
 }
 
 func open(t *testing.T, p Policy) (*Store, string) {
@@ -34,19 +34,33 @@ func TestModeOffRefusesEverything(t *testing.T) {
 	p := DefaultPolicy()
 	p.Mode = ModeOff
 	s, _ := open(t, p)
-	if _, err := s.Put("dev1", doc("run-1", AnonFull)); !errors.Is(err, ErrDisabled) {
+	if _, err := s.Put("dev1", doc("run-1", AnonFull), false); !errors.Is(err, ErrDisabled) {
 		t.Fatalf("want ErrDisabled, got %v", err)
 	}
 }
 
-// ModeAccount must refuse today rather than fall back to anonymous: an operator who selects the
+// ModeAccount turns on whether the *caller* has signed in, and nothing else. A device that has
-// strict setting before accounts exist must not be silently running the permissive one.
+// not is refused with a reason it can act on; one that has is treated exactly like anonymous mode.
-func TestModeAccountRefusesUntilAccountsExist(t *testing.T) {
+func TestModeAccountTurnsOnWhetherTheCallerSignedIn(t *testing.T) {
 	p := DefaultPolicy()
 	p.Mode = ModeAccount
 	s, _ := open(t, p)
-	if _, err := s.Put("dev1", doc("run-1", AnonFull)); !errors.Is(err, ErrNeedAccount) {
+
-		t.Fatalf("want ErrNeedAccount, got %v", err)
+	if _, err := s.Put("dev1", doc("run-1", AnonFull), false); !errors.Is(err, ErrNeedAccount) {
+		t.Fatalf("an un-signed-in device was not refused: %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := s.Put("dev1", doc("run-2", AnonFull), true); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("a signed-in device was refused: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// Signing in must not open a door that the operator closed outright: mode=off means off.
+func TestSigningInDoesNotOverrideModeOff(t *testing.T) {
+	p := DefaultPolicy()
+	p.Mode = ModeOff
+	s, _ := open(t, p)
+	if _, err := s.Put("dev1", doc("run-1", AnonFull), true); !errors.Is(err, ErrDisabled) {
+		t.Fatalf("a signed-in device uploaded to a server with uploads off: %v", err)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -55,15 +69,15 @@ func TestMinAnonymizationEnforced(t *testing.T) {
 	p.MinAnonymization = AnonBalanced
 	s, _ := open(t, p)
 
-	if _, err := s.Put("dev1", doc("run-full", AnonFull)); !errors.Is(err, ErrNotAnonEnough) {
+	if _, err := s.Put("dev1", doc("run-full", AnonFull), false); !errors.Is(err, ErrNotAnonEnough) {
 		t.Fatalf("full should be refused when balanced is required, got %v", err)
 	}
 	// An undeclared level means nothing was stripped, so it must be treated as "full".
-	if _, err := s.Put("dev1", []byte(`{"run":{"id":"run-bare"},"summary":{}}`)); !errors.Is(err, ErrNotAnonEnough) {
+	if _, err := s.Put("dev1", []byte(`{"run":{"id":"run-bare"},"summary":{}}`), false); !errors.Is(err, ErrNotAnonEnough) {
 		t.Fatalf("undeclared level should be treated as full, got %v", err)
 	}
 	for _, lvl := range []string{AnonBalanced, AnonStrict} {
-		if _, err := s.Put("dev1", doc("run-"+lvl, lvl)); err != nil {
+		if _, err := s.Put("dev1", doc("run-"+lvl, lvl), false); err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("%s should be accepted: %v", lvl, err)
 		}
 	}
@@ -74,7 +88,7 @@ func TestSizeLimit(t *testing.T) {
 	p.MaxBytes = 200
 	s, _ := open(t, p)
 	big := append(doc("run-1", AnonFull), make([]byte, 400)...)
-	if _, err := s.Put("dev1", big); !errors.Is(err, ErrTooLarge) {
+	if _, err := s.Put("dev1", big, false); !errors.Is(err, ErrTooLarge) {
 		t.Fatalf("want ErrTooLarge, got %v", err)
 	}
 }
@@ -84,7 +98,7 @@ func TestRetentionByCountKeepsNewest(t *testing.T) {
 	p.MaxRunsPerDevice = 3
 	s, _ := open(t, p)
 	for i := 0; i < 6; i++ {
-		if _, err := s.Put("dev1", doc(fmt.Sprintf("run-%d", i), AnonFull)); err != nil {
+		if _, err := s.Put("dev1", doc(fmt.Sprintf("run-%d", i), AnonFull), false); err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("put %d: %v", i, err)
 		}
 		time.Sleep(2 * time.Millisecond) // distinct UploadedAt so "newest" is well defined
@@ -109,7 +123,7 @@ func TestRetentionByAge(t *testing.T) {
 	p.RetentionDays = 7
 	p.MaxRunsPerDevice = 0
 	s, dir := open(t, p)
-	if _, err := s.Put("dev1", doc("run-old", AnonFull)); err != nil {
+	if _, err := s.Put("dev1", doc("run-old", AnonFull), false); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	// Backdate the index entry past the retention window.
@@ -123,7 +137,7 @@ func TestRetentionByAge(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
-	if _, err := s.Put("dev1", doc("run-new", AnonFull)); err != nil {
+	if _, err := s.Put("dev1", doc("run-new", AnonFull), false); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	got := s.List("dev1")
@@ -136,7 +150,7 @@ func TestRetentionByAge(t *testing.T) {
 // store directory or overwrite another device's data.
 func TestIDsCannotEscapeTheStoreDirectory(t *testing.T) {
 	s, dir := open(t, DefaultPolicy())
-	if _, err := s.Put("../../etc", doc("../../../passwd", AnonFull)); err != nil {
+	if _, err := s.Put("../../etc", doc("../../../passwd", AnonFull), false); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("put: %v", err)
 	}
 	var found []string
@@ -159,10 +173,10 @@ func TestIDsCannotEscapeTheStoreDirectory(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestListIsPerDevice(t *testing.T) {
 	s, _ := open(t, DefaultPolicy())
-	if _, err := s.Put("devA", doc("run-a", AnonFull)); err != nil {
+	if _, err := s.Put("devA", doc("run-a", AnonFull), false); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	if _, err := s.Put("devB", doc("run-b", AnonFull)); err != nil {
+	if _, err := s.Put("devB", doc("run-b", AnonFull), false); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	if got := s.List("devA"); len(got) != 1 || got[0].ID != "run-a" {
@@ -175,11 +189,11 @@ func TestListIsPerDevice(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestMetaSummarisesTheDocument(t *testing.T) {
 	s, _ := open(t, DefaultPolicy())
-	m, err := s.Put("dev1", doc("run-1", AnonBalanced))
+	m, err := s.Put("dev1", doc("run-1", AnonBalanced), false)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	if m.FindingCount != 2 || m.Verdict != "warn" || m.Anonymization != AnonBalanced {
+	if m.FindingCount != 2 || m.Verdict != "yellow" || m.Anonymization != AnonBalanced {
 		t.Fatalf("meta not extracted: %+v", m)
 	}
 	if m.StartedAt != "2026-08-01T10:00:00Z" {
@@ -190,7 +204,7 @@ func TestMetaSummarisesTheDocument(t *testing.T) {
 func TestMalformedRejected(t *testing.T) {
 	s, _ := open(t, DefaultPolicy())
 	for _, body := range [][]byte{[]byte("not json"), []byte(`{"run":{}}`), []byte(`{}`)} {
-		if _, err := s.Put("dev1", body); !errors.Is(err, ErrMalformed) {
+		if _, err := s.Put("dev1", body, false); !errors.Is(err, ErrMalformed) {
 			t.Fatalf("body %q: want ErrMalformed, got %v", body, err)
 		}
 	}

server/internal/selftest/reserved.go

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Echolot contributors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+package selftest
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+)
+
+// ReservedWebPortsFree verifies that nothing on this host — this process or any other — is
+// listening on 80/443 of the reserved measurement addresses.
+//
+// config.CheckReserved keeps *our own* listeners off those ports, but our configuration is not
+// the host: the adb-beacon receiver, a separate Python process wildcard-bound to 0.0.0.0:443,
+// silently voided the IPv4 interception proof for as long as it ran, and nothing in this server's
+// config could have seen it. Asking the OS is the only check that covers processes we did not
+// start.
+//
+// The mechanism is a throwaway bind: if the bind succeeds the port was provably free (closed
+// again immediately — nothing is served), and if it fails with EADDRINUSE something is listening
+// there. Any other failure (address not assigned to this host, missing privilege) means the
+// question could not be answered, which is reported separately rather than pretending either way.
+func ReservedWebPortsFree(ips []net.IP) (occupied, unverifiable []string) {
+	return portsFree(ips, []string{"80", "443"})
+}
+
+func portsFree(ips []net.IP, ports []string) (occupied, unverifiable []string) {
+	for _, ip := range ips {
+		for _, port := range ports {
+			addr := net.JoinHostPort(ip.String(), port)
+			ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", addr)
+			if err == nil {
+				ln.Close()
+				continue
+			}
+			if isAddrInUse(err) {
+				occupied = append(occupied, addr)
+			} else {
+				unverifiable = append(unverifiable, fmt.Sprintf("%s (%v)", addr, err))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return occupied, unverifiable
+}

server/internal/selftest/reserved_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Echolot contributors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+package selftest
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// The real check runs against ports 80/443, which a test cannot bind without privileges; the
+// port list is what varies here, the mechanism is identical.
+
+func TestOccupiedPortIsDetected(t *testing.T) {
+	// The stray-process scenario: someone else holds the port before we look.
+	ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer ln.Close()
+	port := strconv.Itoa(ln.Addr().(*net.TCPAddr).Port)
+
+	occupied, unverifiable := portsFree([]net.IP{net.ParseIP("127.0.0.1")}, []string{port})
+	if len(occupied) != 1 || !strings.HasSuffix(occupied[0], ":"+port) {
+		t.Fatalf("a listening port must be reported occupied, got occupied=%v unverifiable=%v",
+			occupied, unverifiable)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFreePortPassesAndStaysFree(t *testing.T) {
+	// Find a port that is free by construction, then check it.
+	probe, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	port := strconv.Itoa(probe.Addr().(*net.TCPAddr).Port)
+	probe.Close()
+
+	occupied, unverifiable := portsFree([]net.IP{net.ParseIP("127.0.0.1")}, []string{port})
+	if len(occupied) != 0 || len(unverifiable) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("a free port must pass silently, got occupied=%v unverifiable=%v",
+			occupied, unverifiable)
+	}
+	// The check must not keep the port: it proves the state and gets out of the way.
+	ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:"+port)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("the check left the port unusable: %v", err)
+	}
+	ln.Close()
+}
+
+func TestUnassignedAddressIsUnverifiableNotOccupied(t *testing.T) {
+	// 192.0.2.0/24 is TEST-NET-1: never assigned to this host, so the bind fails with something
+	// other than EADDRINUSE. That is "could not answer", not "occupied" — conflating them would
+	// refuse startup over a typo in ECHOLOT_RESERVED_ADDRS.
+	occupied, unverifiable := portsFree([]net.IP{net.ParseIP("192.0.2.1")}, []string{"65001"})
+	if len(occupied) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("an unassigned address must not be reported occupied: %v", occupied)
+	}
+	if len(unverifiable) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("an unassigned address must be reported unverifiable, got %v", unverifiable)
+	}
+}

server/internal/selftest/reserved_unix.go

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Echolot contributors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+//go:build !windows
+
+package selftest
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"syscall"
+)
+
+func isAddrInUse(err error) bool { return errors.Is(err, syscall.EADDRINUSE) }

server/internal/selftest/reserved_windows.go

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Echolot contributors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+//go:build windows
+
+package selftest
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"syscall"
+)
+
+// Winsock reports a taken port as WSAEADDRINUSE (10048), which syscall.EADDRINUSE does not match
+// on Windows — and the stdlib syscall package does not export the WSA constant. The server
+// deploys on Linux; this exists so the tests tell the truth on a Windows development machine too.
+const wsaeaddrinuse = syscall.Errno(10048)
+
+func isAddrInUse(err error) bool {
+	return errors.Is(err, wsaeaddrinuse) || errors.Is(err, syscall.EADDRINUSE)
+}

server/internal/selfupdate/selfupdate.go

@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ package selfupdate
 
 import (
 	"crypto/sha256"
+	"echo-lot.app/server/internal/relsign"
+	"echo-lot.app/server/internal/system"
 	"encoding/hex"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
@@ -21,6 +23,12 @@ import (
 	"time"
 )
 
+// DefaultPublicKeyB64 is the reference deployment's release-signing key (ed25519, base64). The
+// matching private key lives only in the CI secret store (RELEASE_SIGNING_KEY) — not in this
+// repo, not on the Gitea host, not on any server. Operators running their own release pipeline
+// override it with ECHOLOT_SELF_UPDATE_PUBKEY (mint a pair with `release-sign -gen`).
+const DefaultPublicKeyB64 = "KcytZd4zNIwqfhTyamtdSrXg8ZqYHGAkVxgn5zR7ZQI="
+
 type release struct {
 	TagName string  `json:"tag_name"`
 	Assets  []asset `json:"assets"`
@@ -34,10 +42,15 @@ type asset struct {
 // echolot-server_<GOOS>_<GOARCH> newer than currentVersion and atomically
 // replaces the current executable. The caller (or systemd Restart=) handles
 // the restart; we never exec ourselves.
-func Run(api, currentVersion string) error {
+//
+// pubKeyB64 is the release-signing public key; empty means [DefaultPublicKeyB64].
+func Run(api, pubKeyB64, currentVersion string) error {
 	if api == "" {
 		return fmt.Errorf("self-update disabled: no --self-update-api / ECHOLOT_SELF_UPDATE_API configured")
 	}
+	if pubKeyB64 == "" {
+		pubKeyB64 = DefaultPublicKeyB64
+	}
 	client := &http.Client{Timeout: 30 * time.Second}
 	resp, err := client.Get(strings.TrimRight(api, "/") + "/releases/latest")
 	if err != nil {
@@ -71,27 +84,39 @@ func Run(api, currentVersion string) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("release %s has no asset %q", rel.TagName, want)
 	}
 
-	// The release must carry SHA256SUMS; refuse to update without it. This
+	// The release must carry SHA256SUMS *and* its detached signature. The checksums alone only
-	// protects download integrity (truncation, proxy mangling). It is NOT a
+	// protect download integrity (truncation, proxy mangling) — they come from the same place as
-	// defense against a compromised Gitea — both files come from the same
+	// the binaries, so whoever can alter one can alter both. The signature is the defense against
-	// place; a detached signature would be needed for that (still TODO).
+	// a compromised release host: its private key exists only in the CI secret store, so a valid
-	var sums string
+	// SHA256SUMS.sig means the project's pipeline published exactly these checksums, and the
-	for _, a := range rel.Assets {
+	// checksum then extends that trust to the binary.
-		if a.Name == "SHA256SUMS" {
+	fetch := func(name string) ([]byte, error) {
+		for _, a := range rel.Assets {
+			if a.Name != name {
+				continue
+			}
 			resp, err := client.Get(a.URL)
 			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("fetching SHA256SUMS: %w", err)
+				return nil, err
 			}
-			b, err := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(resp.Body, 1<<20))
+			defer resp.Body.Close()
-			resp.Body.Close()
+			return io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(resp.Body, 1<<20))
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			sums = string(b)
 		}
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("release %s has no asset %q", rel.TagName, name)
+	}
+	sums, err := fetch("SHA256SUMS")
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("fetching SHA256SUMS: %w", err)
+	}
+	sig, err := fetch("SHA256SUMS.sig")
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("release %s is unsigned — refusing to update (%v)", rel.TagName, err)
+	}
+	if err := relsign.Verify(pubKeyB64, sums, string(sig)); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("release %s: SHA256SUMS signature rejected — refusing to update: %w", rel.TagName, err)
 	}
 	wantSum := ""
-	for _, line := range strings.Split(sums, "\n") {
+	for _, line := range strings.Split(string(sums), "\n") {
 		if fields := strings.Fields(line); len(fields) == 2 && fields[1] == want {
 			wantSum = fields[0]
 		}
@@ -132,6 +157,15 @@ func Run(api, currentVersion string) error {
 		os.Remove(tmp)
 		return fmt.Errorf("atomic replace failed (filesystem boundaries?): %w", err)
 	}
+	// Serving became an explicit verb, and a unit written before that change starts this binary
+	// with no arguments - which now prints usage and exits non-zero. The unit is not part of what
+	// an update replaces, so it is repaired here rather than left to fail at the next restart,
+	// which might be a reboot months from now.
+	if repaired, err := system.RepairExecStart(); err != nil {
+		fmt.Println("WARNING: could not update the systemd unit for --serve:", err)
+	} else if repaired {
+		fmt.Println("updated the systemd unit to pass --serve (serving is now an explicit verb)")
+	}
 	fmt.Printf("updated %s -> %s (%s); restart to run it\n", currentVersion, rel.TagName, self)
 	return nil
 }

server/internal/session/session.go

@@ -42,6 +42,9 @@ type Session struct {
 	connectBack []ConnectBackResult
 	throughput  []ThroughputReport
 	upstream    UpstreamCounter
+	// Upstream trains (spec §3.2), buffered apart from udpObs — see train.go for why the
+	// flat ring must not be the only home of a 5000-packet train.
+	trains []*Train
 }
 
 const obsCap = 4096

server/internal/session/train.go

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Echolot contributors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+package session
+
+// Upstream trains (spec §3.2): TRAIN_DATA packets get no per-packet response, so the server's
+// received view is the only record of what survived the upstream path. It is kept per train —
+// NOT in the flat udpObs ring, whose 4096-entry cap would silently roll the head of a 5000-packet
+// train out from under the report that is about to be requested. Losing the head quietly turns
+// real early-train packets into phantom loss; a bounded buffer that says when it overflowed
+// (Truncated, mirroring the measurement schema's evidence_truncated) keeps the numbers honest.
+
+// TrainEntry is the server's received view of one train packet. TTL/DSCP/ECN use 0xFF for
+// "not observed" (spec §3.3), same sentinel as the echo observation block.
+type TrainEntry struct {
+	Seq   uint32
+	TRxNs int64 // server clock, session epoch
+	Size  uint16
+	TTL   uint8
+	DSCP  uint8
+	ECN   uint8
+}
+
+// Train is the received view of one upstream train, keyed by the id the client put in the
+// TRAIN_DATA payload.
+type Train struct {
+	ID uint32
+	// Received counts every packet of the train, including any the entry buffer no longer holds;
+	// the loss figure must come from this, not from len(Entries).
+	Received  int
+	Truncated bool
+	Entries   []TrainEntry
+}
+
+const (
+	// trainCap comfortably holds the largest train the client-side action bounds allow (5000
+	// packets, matching the downtrain clamp). Overflow keeps the head and sets Truncated: the
+	// early packets are the ones a ring would drop, and the tail's absence is at least declared.
+	trainCap = 8192
+	// maxTrains bounds one session's train memory (~8×8k×24 B ≈ 1.5 MiB worst case). The oldest
+	// train is evicted for a new one because reports are requested train-by-train, right after
+	// each train — an id still being sent to is always the one worth keeping.
+	maxTrains = 8
+)
+
+// RecordTrainPacket appends one received TRAIN_DATA packet to its train's buffer.
+func (s *Session) RecordTrainPacket(trainID uint32, e TrainEntry) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	var t *Train
+	for _, c := range s.trains {
+		if c.ID == trainID {
+			t = c
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if t == nil {
+		if len(s.trains) >= maxTrains {
+			s.trains = s.trains[1:]
+		}
+		t = &Train{ID: trainID}
+		s.trains = append(s.trains, t)
+	}
+	t.Received++
+	if len(t.Entries) >= trainCap {
+		t.Truncated = true
+		return
+	}
+	t.Entries = append(t.Entries, e)
+}
+
+// TrainView returns a copy of one train. A missing id reports ok=false; the caller decides
+// whether "never saw it" is an error or (for a report request) the answer itself.
+func (s *Session) TrainView(trainID uint32) (Train, bool) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	for _, t := range s.trains {
+		if t.ID == trainID {
+			cp := *t
+			cp.Entries = append([]TrainEntry(nil), t.Entries...)
+			return cp, true
+		}
+	}
+	return Train{}, false
+}
+
+// Trains returns copies of every train witnessed in this session, oldest first.
+func (s *Session) Trains() []Train {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	out := make([]Train, 0, len(s.trains))
+	for _, t := range s.trains {
+		cp := *t
+		cp.Entries = append([]TrainEntry(nil), t.Entries...)
+		out = append(out, cp)
+	}
+	return out
+}

server/internal/session/train_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Echolot contributors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+package session
+
+import "testing"
+
+func TestTrainBufferKeepsHeadAndDeclaresTruncation(t *testing.T) {
+	s := &Session{}
+	over := trainCap + 100
+	for i := 0; i < over; i++ {
+		s.RecordTrainPacket(7, TrainEntry{Seq: uint32(i), Size: 64})
+	}
+	tr, ok := s.TrainView(7)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("train not found")
+	}
+	if tr.Received != over {
+		t.Fatalf("Received = %d, want %d — the count must include unbuffered packets", tr.Received, over)
+	}
+	if len(tr.Entries) != trainCap {
+		t.Fatalf("buffered %d entries, want the cap %d", len(tr.Entries), trainCap)
+	}
+	if !tr.Truncated {
+		t.Fatal("overflow must be declared, not silent")
+	}
+	// The head must survive: it is what a ring buffer would have lost.
+	if tr.Entries[0].Seq != 0 || tr.Entries[trainCap-1].Seq != trainCap-1 {
+		t.Fatalf("buffer kept seqs %d..%d, want the head 0..%d",
+			tr.Entries[0].Seq, tr.Entries[trainCap-1].Seq, trainCap-1)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestTrainEvictionDropsOldestTrain(t *testing.T) {
+	s := &Session{}
+	for id := uint32(0); id < maxTrains+2; id++ {
+		s.RecordTrainPacket(id, TrainEntry{Seq: 1})
+	}
+	if _, ok := s.TrainView(0); ok {
+		t.Fatal("oldest train should have been evicted")
+	}
+	if _, ok := s.TrainView(1); ok {
+		t.Fatal("second-oldest train should have been evicted")
+	}
+	if _, ok := s.TrainView(maxTrains + 1); !ok {
+		t.Fatal("newest train missing")
+	}
+	if got := len(s.Trains()); got != maxTrains {
+		t.Fatalf("holding %d trains, want %d", got, maxTrains)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestTrainViewReturnsACopy(t *testing.T) {
+	s := &Session{}
+	s.RecordTrainPacket(3, TrainEntry{Seq: 10})
+	tr, _ := s.TrainView(3)
+	tr.Entries[0].Seq = 99
+	again, _ := s.TrainView(3)
+	if again.Entries[0].Seq != 10 {
+		t.Fatal("TrainView leaked the internal slice")
+	}
+}

server/internal/store/account_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Echolot contributors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+package store
+
+import "testing"
+
+// The empty account must never match. Devices nobody has signed in on are not a group — they are
+// unrelated devices that share the absence of an owner — and treating that as an account would
+// let any anonymous device read every other anonymous device's runs.
+func TestTheEmptyAccountIsNotAGroup(t *testing.T) {
+	s, err := Open(t.TempDir())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	for _, id := range []string{"anon-1", "anon-2"} {
+		s.data.Devices = append(s.data.Devices, Device{ID: id})
+	}
+	s.data.Devices = append(s.data.Devices,
+		Device{ID: "mine-1", AccountID: "iss#me"},
+		Device{ID: "mine-2", AccountID: "iss#me"},
+		Device{ID: "theirs", AccountID: "iss#them"})
+
+	if got := s.DeviceIDsForAccount(""); len(got) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("the empty account matched %v", got)
+	}
+	if got := s.DeviceIDsForAccount("iss#me"); len(got) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("account has %v, want both of its devices", got)
+	}
+	if got := s.DeviceIDsForAccount("iss#them"); len(got) != 1 || got[0] != "theirs" {
+		t.Fatalf("wrong devices for the other account: %v", got)
+	}
+}

server/internal/store/store.go

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"sync"
+
+	"echo-lot.app/server/internal/adminauth"
 	"time"
 )
 
@@ -37,8 +39,19 @@ type Device struct {
 	Credential     string    `json:"credential"`
 	Enrolled       time.Time `json:"enrolled"`
 	Name           string    `json:"name,omitempty"`
+
+	// The account this device belongs to, as issuer#subject — empty when nobody has signed in
+	// on it. Enrollment and sign-in are deliberately separate: a device is admitted by an
+	// operator's token, and only later (if ever) associated with a person. Servers that accept
+	// anonymous uploads never need the second step.
+	AccountID   string    `json:"account_id,omitempty"`
+	AccountName string    `json:"account_name,omitempty"`
+	LinkedAt    time.Time `json:"linked_at,omitempty"`
 }
 
+// LinkedToAccount reports whether a person has signed in on this device.
+func (d Device) LinkedToAccount() bool { return d.AccountID != "" }
+
 type Store struct {
 	mu   sync.Mutex
 	path string
@@ -48,6 +61,12 @@ type Store struct {
 type fileData struct {
 	Tokens  []EnrollToken `json:"tokens"`
 	Devices []Device      `json:"devices"`
+	// The break-glass admin. Absent until an operator sets one.
+	LocalAdmin *adminauth.Credential `json:"local_admin,omitempty"`
+	// Signing secret for admin session cookies. Persisted so sessions survive a restart;
+	// deleting it from the state file invalidates every session at once, which is how an
+	// operator revokes them.
+	SessionSecret string `json:"session_secret,omitempty"`
 }
 
 func Open(stateDir string) (*Store, error) {
@@ -126,6 +145,110 @@ func (s *Store) Redeem(token, name string) (*Device, error) {
 }
 
 // DeviceByCredential authenticates a bearer credential.
+// LinkAccount ties a device to a signed-in identity, or clears it when accountID is empty.
+func (s *Store) LinkAccount(deviceID, accountID, displayName string) error {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	for i := range s.data.Devices {
+		if s.data.Devices[i].ID != deviceID {
+			continue
+		}
+		s.data.Devices[i].AccountID = accountID
+		s.data.Devices[i].AccountName = displayName
+		if accountID == "" {
+			s.data.Devices[i].LinkedAt = time.Time{}
+		} else {
+			s.data.Devices[i].LinkedAt = time.Now().UTC()
+		}
+		return s.save()
+	}
+	return errors.New("no such device")
+}
+
+// DeviceIDsForAccount returns every device signed in to the same account.
+//
+// The empty account is never matched: devices that nobody has signed in on are not a group, they
+// are unrelated devices that happen to share the absence of an owner. Treating them as an account
+// would let any anonymous device read every other anonymous device's runs.
+func (s *Store) DeviceIDsForAccount(accountID string) []string {
+	if accountID == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	var out []string
+	for _, d := range s.data.Devices {
+		if d.AccountID == accountID {
+			out = append(out, d.ID)
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// Devices returns a copy of the device list, for the admin UI.
+func (s *Store) Devices() []Device {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	return append([]Device(nil), s.data.Devices...)
+}
+
+// DeleteDevice revokes a device: its credential stops working immediately.
+func (s *Store) DeleteDevice(id string) error {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	for i := range s.data.Devices {
+		if s.data.Devices[i].ID == id {
+			s.data.Devices = append(s.data.Devices[:i], s.data.Devices[i+1:]...)
+			return s.save()
+		}
+	}
+	return errors.New("no such device")
+}
+
+// SetLocalAdmin stores (or replaces) the break-glass admin password.
+func (s *Store) SetLocalAdmin(c adminauth.Credential) error {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	s.data.LocalAdmin = &c
+	return s.save()
+}
+
+// LocalAdmin returns the configured break-glass admin, or nil.
+func (s *Store) LocalAdmin() *adminauth.Credential {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	if s.data.LocalAdmin == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	c := *s.data.LocalAdmin
+	return &c
+}
+
+// ClearLocalAdmin removes the break-glass admin.
+func (s *Store) ClearLocalAdmin() error {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	s.data.LocalAdmin = nil
+	return s.save()
+}
+
+// SessionSecret returns the admin session signing secret, creating one on first use.
+func (s *Store) SessionSecret() ([]byte, error) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	if s.data.SessionSecret != "" {
+		if b, err := hex.DecodeString(s.data.SessionSecret); err == nil && len(b) >= 32 {
+			return b, nil
+		}
+	}
+	b, err := adminauth.NewSecret()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	s.data.SessionSecret = hex.EncodeToString(b)
+	return b, s.save()
+}
+
 func (s *Store) DeviceByCredential(cred string) *Device {
 	s.mu.Lock()
 	defer s.mu.Unlock()

server/internal/system/echo_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Echolot contributors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+//go:build linux
+
+package system
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"syscall"
+	"unsafe"
+)
+
+// DisableEcho turns off terminal echo while a password is typed, returning a function that puts
+// the terminal back. Both are best-effort: when stdin is a pipe (the automation case) there is
+// no terminal to change and nothing to restore.
+func DisableEcho(f *os.File) (func(), error) {
+	fd := f.Fd()
+	var t syscall.Termios
+	if _, _, errno := syscall.Syscall6(syscall.SYS_IOCTL, fd,
+		syscall.TCGETS, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&t)), 0, 0, 0); errno != 0 {
+		return nil, errno // not a terminal; nothing to do
+	}
+	original := t
+	t.Lflag &^= syscall.ECHO
+	if _, _, errno := syscall.Syscall6(syscall.SYS_IOCTL, fd,
+		syscall.TCSETS, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&t)), 0, 0, 0); errno != 0 {
+		return nil, errno
+	}
+	return func() {
+		_, _, _ = syscall.Syscall6(syscall.SYS_IOCTL, fd,
+			syscall.TCSETS, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&original)), 0, 0, 0)
+	}, nil
+}